Experts interviewed by the Securities Times reporter believe that the continuous reform of the system and mechanism of non-tax revenue collection is conducive to improving the efficiency of collection and management and strengthening the standardization of non-tax revenue management. This round of transfer of responsibility for collection and management does not change the management authority of the financial department and the share of land transfer fees, so it has little ecological impact on "land finance". However, with the in-depth participation of tax authorities in the collection work, we should continue to promote the reform of land development in the follow-up.
Improve the standardization of collection
Reduce unpaid delays
At present, China has realized the integration of national tax and local tax institutions at and below the provincial level, and the transfer of social security fee collection responsibilities has been successfully completed, while the transfer of non-tax revenue collection and management responsibilities is still progressing steadily. Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Finance has also decided to transfer the land idle fees collected by the natural resources departments and the urban garbage disposal fees collected by the housing and urban-rural construction departments according to administrative fees to the tax authorities for collection.
Konka, president of Huaxia New Supply Economics Research Institute, said in an interview with the Securities Times that the four government non-tax revenues collected by the tax authorities in this round will reduce the administrative cost of the government by improving the standardization of the collection, improve the comprehensive performance of the distribution mechanism of the public sector, and reduce the excessive flexibility of unpaid and delayed collection in the past.
Konka further pointed out that there is a precedent for the government's non-tax revenue to be collected by the tax authorities. For example, after the collection responsibility of social security fees such as basic pension was handed over to the tax department, the relevant personnel of the original social insurance agency were diverted through resettlement, which basically eliminated the related fixed expenditure of the management department and significantly reduced the administrative cost of the government. The tax authorities are more authoritative and binding, and the administrative costs are more transparent. After this round of four government non-tax revenues are transferred to the tax department, it is believed that it can also achieve the effect of reducing the late payment fee and reducing the overall collection cost.
Transformation of collection agencies
The ecological impact of "land finance" is not significant.
According to the data of the Ministry of Finance, in 2020, the budget revenue of local government funds nationwide will be 899,274.38+0.6 billion yuan. Among them, the income from the transfer of state-owned land use rights is 8.41422.9 billion yuan.
It can be seen that the income from the transfer of state-owned land use rights is the main source of income for local government funds, which is related to the ecology of "land finance". Therefore, after the announcement, similar voices such as "the history of land financial withdrawal" appeared on social media, fearing that the local land transfer income share and land transfer work would be affected.
Many experts agree that the scope, object, standard, reduction, sharing, use and management of the four government non-tax revenue policies proposed in the Notice will continue to be implemented in accordance with the current regulations. The four government non-tax revenue collection processes, including the revenue from the transfer of state-owned land use rights announced by the Ministry of Finance, show that this round of reform does not involve the central and local revenue sharing and the adjustment of the land transfer process.
Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, pointed out that the tax department "entered the market" and adjusted the land transfer fee collection from the mode of "financial department management and natural resources department responsible for collection" to the mode of "financial department management and tax department responsible for collection". At the same time, the circular also requires the central bank, natural resources departments and housing supervision departments to cooperate closely to realize information communication. It can be seen that the revenue and expenditure of land transfer fees are ultimately controlled by the financial department. The only change is that in the practice of collection, the tax authorities, that is, local tax bureaus, have undertaken relevant work.
Konka believes that the so-called "land transfer fee has withdrawn from the historical stage" is undoubtedly over-interpreted. Land leasing is the economic expression of land use right, and China in market economy should also form the consideration of land use right. If the land transfer fee only changes the collection department and does not adjust the whereabouts of funds, it should be considered that there is basically only a positive impact, that is, through the collection and management of more standardized tax departments, the phenomenon of unpaid funds and delays can be effectively avoided.
Guo Yuqing, a professor of finance at the School of Economics of Nankai University, told the Securities Times reporter that handing over the land transfer fee to the tax authorities will help the central government grasp the amount and expenditure of local land income, manage the land transfer income in various regions of the country, and curb the self-interested motives of local governments to push up housing prices and obtain land lease income. However, because the policy has not changed the income sharing between the central and local governments, the impact on land transfer in the short term is still relatively small.
It should continue to advance.
Reform of land development link
It is worth noting that the "Notice" also clarifies that the collection and transfer work will be piloted first and then pushed away. From July 1 20265438, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Qingdao and Yunnan provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans) were selected as units to carry out the pilot transfer of tax collection and management responsibilities, explore and improve the tax collection and management process and division of responsibilities, and accumulate experience for comprehensively pushing forward the transfer work. From June 5438+1 October1day, 2022, the collection and transfer work will be fully implemented.
Konka told reporters that with the transfer of the responsibility for the collection of income from the transfer of state-owned land use rights, it is necessary to continue to pay attention to whether the subsequent financial and other management departments will adjust the relevant rules for the use of land transfer fees, such as whether the central government will strengthen the centralized management of funds.
Wang Jun, Party Secretary and Director of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, once pointed out that the establishment of a collection and management system and mechanism for social insurance premiums and non-tax revenues will help to improve the overall level of social insurance premiums and lay a good foundation for studying and promoting the timely increase in the proportion of contributions and the legalization of non-tax revenues.
In Konka's view, after the transfer of the land transfer fee collection department, we can continue to discuss whether the real estate (including housing) held after land development can be taxed. If local governments can obtain property tax relatively stably every year and reassess the tax base every once in a while, such a mechanism will give local governments more incentive to optimize the local investment environment and public services, and local governments will also establish their own financial resources. Taxation on the holding link of real estate (including housing) formed by land development will also restrict the price of the right to use formed by the leasing link before land development. Local governments will not excessively tend to raise land prices in land development, thus causing the so-called "land finance" short-term behavior.
(The original title is "Payee Land Transfer and Land Finance". Are you okay? 》)