This makes some netizens very puzzled and confused. Seeing so many websites and medical advertisements all emphasize the harm of mycoplasma and chlamydia infection. Is it too lack of professional knowledge and irresponsible to netizens?
I want to discuss it in detail here. The following relevant data are from the papers of Wu (China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College), Shao Changgeng (China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College) and (China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College):
Urethritis is characterized by increased urethral secretions, dysuria or itching of urethral orifice, which is an inflammatory reaction of urethra caused by some pathogens. Physical examination is characterized by urethral secretion. The laboratory examination that can be diagnosed is Gram staining of urethral smear or the increase of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in the first urine sediment. When Neisseria gonorrhoeae is found, it is called gonococcal urethritis (GU) or gonorrhea. If there is no gonococcus, it is called nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). The term NGU is more suitable than nonspecific urethritis because NGU has many specific causes, among which Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are the most common. Shortly after the cure of urethral gonorrhea, NGU was called post gonorrhea urethritis (PGU).
You may be confused by the proper nouns above. Let's put it this way: urethritis in other cases can be collectively called "nongonococcal urethritis" except that gonorrhea is caused by gonococcus. There are many pathogens that cause nongonococcal urethritis. Mycoplasma and chlamydia are just one of them. Others include Escherichia coli, meningococcus, other microorganisms (adenovirus, saprophytic staphylococcus, ureaplasma urealyticum), mycoplasma genitalium, primary genital herpes simplex virus, trichomonas vaginalis, etc.
Even if ureaplasma urealyticum and chlamydia are positive, they are not all patients: epidemiological investigation shows that 34% of normal men can isolate Ureaplasma urealyticum, and some foreign studies have isolated Chlamydia trachomatis from 1 1% asymptomatic soldiers,1/asymptomatic men in urban emergency departments and 7% asymptomatic college students. According to the data of Journal of Fujian Medical University, Volume 33, No.2 1999, 273 asymptomatic women in Fuzhou were cultured with Uu (Ureaplasma urealyticum), and 132 was positive, with a positive rate of 48.35%. In the study of pregnant women, the colonization rate of ureaplasma urealyticum in the lower reproductive tract of pregnant women can be as high as 50 ~ 80%. The infection rate of pregnant women with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in rural areas of the United States is 9.0%. The CT infection rate of low-income pregnant women in Mexico is10.1%; In Vestsjaelland, Denmark, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 2.9%; In Sao Paulo, Brazil, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 9%; In Martinique, France, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 26.7%. The infection rate of pregnant women is different around the world, which may be related to the different detection reagents, methods and time.
Seeing the above figures, you should know that normal people can have mycoplasma and chlamydia parasites. If all mycoplasma and chlamydia are found to need treatment, then according to the above statistics, more than 30% of men and more than 40% of women need treatment. This is hundreds of millions of people.
Some netizens said that if you don't need treatment, does it mean carrying a bomb with you? Because these microorganisms may get sick at any time, why not remove them from the body before they get sick?
In fact, our bodies and living environment are full of microorganisms. If you have studied microbiology, you will know that there are a large number of microorganisms in the human body, many of which are pathogenic microorganisms. But why are many people healthy and normal and not sick?
This is related to people's own resistance and immunity. It is also related to the "flora balance" formed by microorganisms parasitic in the human body.
We have a good immune system to protect our bodies from all kinds of microorganisms and maintain our health. Even a few highly pathogenic microorganisms (infectious diseases), not everyone will get sick after infection. That is, under normal circumstances, only a few people living in the same environment will get sick. Often their physical fitness will decline, and their resistance will be very low. In recent years, mycoplasma and chlamydia have become important factors causing nongonococcal urethritis. Among people with sexual disorders, because they often have high frequency of sexual intercourse, the sexual organs are in a state of congestion for a long time. This makes their sexual organs less resistant to pathogens and more prone to mycoplasma, chlamydia infection and nongonococcal urethritis than normal people.
If it is really possible to "get rid of it from your body before you get sick", that's fine, but in most cases, it's impossible. Various microorganisms parasitic on human body can be said to accompany human life. Mycoplasma and chlamydia can be parasitic in normal people, and they can balance with many other parasitic microorganisms (strive for the' resources' of parasitic environment), so that the number of each other can be controlled without affecting the human body, which is called "flora balance" in medicine. If antibiotics are abused, the original "flora balance" will be destroyed, but the number of some microorganisms will increase sharply, leading to other infections. In some hospitals, due to the influence of interests or professional knowledge, the abuse of antibiotics occurs from time to time. But a doctor with professional knowledge and morality should not do this.
If you have symptoms, you must go to a regular hospital for treatment; But if there are no symptoms, there is no need for treatment. These so-called "treatments" often only increase your psychological burden and increase your unnecessary expenses. More unfortunately, they will destroy the original "flora balance" in your body and cause various problems.
It is both practical and ideal to take proper physical exercise, keep healthy and improve disease resistance.
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Appendix: Articles on Prostate and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital;
Don't be scared by nongonococcal urethritis!
According to news reports, there are cheating behaviors in many places in Beijing's STD diagnosis and treatment market: it is self-evident that patients spend a lot of money, some people are not sexually transmitted diseases at all, but there are some local inflammations, but some clinics seize the current situation that patients don't know much about sexually transmitted diseases and arbitrarily exaggerate the harm and consequences of sexually transmitted diseases; Some clinics will also show patients horrible photos, which will cause great psychological harm to patients; Some doctors also deliberately delayed the treatment time of patients, which made patients spend a lot of money. In clinical practice, we found that many patients who had been treated in private clinics or some hospitals for sexually transmitted diseases or urology specialties were frightened by nongonococcal urethritis infected by chlamydia and mycoplasma, which made patients suffer huge economic losses and serious psychological trauma, and made them feel uneasy all day long. Is "no bath" really more fierce than a tiger?
What is nongonococcal urethritis?
Literally, nongonococcal urethritis can be seen that it is not caused by gonococcus, but by pathogens other than gonococcus. Can be infected with gonococcal urethritis or cross infection at the same time, mainly through sexual transmission.
There are many microorganisms that cause nongonococcal urethritis, including chlamydia, mycoplasma, mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans, herpes virus, prepuce bacteria, staphylococcus, streptococcus and flagellates. Among them, nongonococcal urethritis caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma is more common.
Chlamydia and mycoplasma are very sensitive to temperature changes, and can only survive for 5 ~ 10 minutes at 560℃~ 600℃. But it can survive for several years under freezing conditions; Ordinary disinfectants can kill it quickly. They are also sensitive to soap, alcohol, bile salts, tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin. But penicillin is ineffective against mycoplasma and chlamydia.
What is the manifestation of nongonococcal urethritis?
Non-gonococcal urethritis usually occurs in the period of youth sexual exuberance, and the period from infection to onset is generally 1 ~ 3 weeks. The onset is slow and the symptoms are lighter than gonorrhea.
Typical performance is that male patients will have itchy urethral orifice, burning sensation, frequent micturition (frequent micturition), urgent micturition (uncontrollable micturition), dysuria (urethral pain during micturition), and sometimes slight dysuria, slightly red urethral orifice, such as not urinating for a long time, or watery or thin mucus flowing out of urethral orifice in the morning. Sometimes, there is only a scab-like film on the urethral orifice, or dirt can be seen on underwear. Occasionally, the urethral orifice can be closed by scab. When urinating, the urine flow can be bifurcated because it is blocked by the scab membrane. However, some patients have no urethral secretions or have a small amount of secretions, and they need to be squeezed hard by hand to have secretions overflow from the urethra every day.
Female patients are atypical and some may be asymptomatic. Homosexuals with nongonococcal urethritis can also cause proctitis, pharyngitis or other diseases due to abnormal sexual behaviors such as anal sex and oral sex.
When diagnosing nongonococcal urethritis, it is often necessary to distinguish it from nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis.
Is it reliable to do chlamydia antigen detection test?
Patients are very concerned about chlamydia antigen testing. Although chlamydia culture and mycoplasma culture test are helpful for diagnosis, there is no uniform test standard for laboratory examination of nongonococcal urethritis by the Ministry of Health at present, so all kinds of test methods used in clinic are unreliable, and most of them are false positive. Therefore, we say that the diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis can not be based on laboratory examination, but must be based on clinical manifestations to make a correct judgment.
How can we diagnose nongonococcal urethritis?
The Department of Health and Epidemic Prevention of the Ministry of Health of China stipulates that the diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis must meet the following conditions in addition to symptoms and signs:
① Have a history of extramarital sexual contact or spouse infection.
② When the smear of urethral secretion is observed under an oil microscope (65,438+0,000 times), if the average number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in each visual field is 4 positive, then the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in morning urine (65,438+05 ml urine in the previous section) is 65,438+05 in each visual field under a high-power microscope (400 times), which is of diagnostic significance.
If the patient has no history of sexual promiscuity, no symptoms and signs of urethritis, and no white blood cells are found in urethral secretions or morning urine, even if Ureaplasma urealyticum is isolated from the urethra, it is not certain that the patient is nongonococcal urethritis, because many normal people also carry Ureaplasma urealyticum in their reproductive tract. Therefore, it is not only irresponsible to label patients with nongonococcal urethritis just because Ureaplasma urealyticum is positive, but more importantly, it will affect the stability and happiness of the whole family. Therefore, doctors who diagnose sexually transmitted diseases must draw a careful conclusion when making a diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis for patients.
Can nongonococcal urethritis be cured?
Non-gonococcal urethritis can be cured, and its treatment method is very simple, that is, oral broad-spectrum antibiotics, but it needs to be thoroughly treated according to the law, timing and quantity. The following are several commonly used antibiotic therapies (1-2 only, 2-3 at most):
1. tetracycline 500 mg, four times a day, oral *** 14 days.
2. Erythromycin 500 mg, 4 times a day for 7 days.
3. Doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 7 days.
4. Minocycline 100 mg twice a day for 8 days.
5. Norfloxacin 400 mg daily for 7 days to 10.
When male patients with nongonococcal urethritis have symptoms such as swelling of urethral orifice, hyperemia of glans penis, rash, etc., when female patients have vulvar pruritus, excessive leucorrhea and vaginal pruritus, in addition to drug treatment, local medication can be used for adjuvant treatment. Commonly used drugs for external use are:
(1) 3% boric acid water: 200mL wet compress or rinse vulva.
(2) Kushen drink: 20 grams of Sophora flavescens, 20 grams of Fructus Cnidii, 20 grams of Kochia scoparia, 20 grams of Cortex Phellodendri and 20 grams of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici. Wash with water, 1 time, once a day, 30 minutes each time.
(3) lotions such as Jieeryin, Meifujian and Jieshenchun. Mix with appropriate water to clean the affected parts.
What should I do if there are still symptoms after the treatment of "non-gonorrhea"?
1 After the treatment of "non-gonorrhea", if the patient still has symptoms, it is necessary to further check whether there are other inflammatory infections other than "non-gonorrhea". If they are all negative, the treatment can be repeated again.
If the symptoms do not disappear after re-treatment, it is necessary to trace the infection of the spouse and whether there are abnormal sexual habits. Patients with recurrent attacks and persistent symptoms are mostly related to maintaining sexual contact with infectious sexual partners, so it is the key to successful treatment to terminate abnormal extramarital sexual relations while treating spouses.
What is the cure standard of nongonococcal urethritis?
The cure standard of nongonococcal urethritis is: the symptoms disappear consciously, and there are no white blood cells in urethral secretion and urine sediment smear.
How to prevent nongonococcal urethritis?
The main source of infection of gonococcal urethritis is sexual contact with chlamydia and mycoplasma infected people. In order to prevent nongonococcal urethritis and prevent its resurgence, the following preventive measures can be taken.
① Avoid extramarital sexual intercourse and stop promiscuity. ② Sticking to regular treatment and avoiding giving up halfway are conducive to eliminating the source of infection and preventing complications. Sexual intercourse is forbidden for at least 2 weeks before and after treatment, which is helpful for the complete recovery of the disease. (3) after the completion of treatment, need to review, evaluate whether really cured. ④ Patients and sexual partners should be examined at the same time and receive regular treatment. ⑤ Avoid sexual contact until the sexual partner is completely cured. 6. If the symptoms persist or recur, you should go to a regular hospital for examination. All landowners advocate the use of condoms and other barrier tools. End up eliminating anxiety and actively cooperating with doctors. Pet-name ruby drink plenty of water during treatment, in order to reduce the urine concentration and reduce the irritation to urethra. Attending don't drink. Drinking alcohol will aggravate urethral congestion and make inflammation more acute. ⑾ Pay attention to the hygiene of normal sexual life and establish good personal hygiene habits.
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(Postscript) After the publication of this article, I received many inquiries about mycoplasma and chlamydia infection, which are summarized as follows:
After testing mycoplasma and chlamydia, the doctor said it was a sexually transmitted disease. He (she) doubts me, but I am completely honest. ...
A: At present, many people equate "mycoplasma and chlamydia" with "sexually transmitted diseases and unclean sexual intercourse", which is extremely unscientific and leads to mutual suspicion, quarrel and even family breakdown, which is immoral. Look at this set of data: "Epidemiological investigation shows that 34% of normal men can isolate Ureaplasma urealyticum. Some foreign studies have isolated Chlamydia trachomatis from asymptomatic soldiers 1 1% asymptomatic men in urban emergency departments and 7% asymptomatic college students. According to the data of Journal of Fujian Medical University, Volume 33, No.2 1999, 273 asymptomatic women in Fuzhou were cultured with Uu (Ureaplasma urealyticum), and 132 was positive, with a positive rate of 48.35%. In the study of pregnant women, the colonization rate of ureaplasma urealyticum in the lower reproductive tract of pregnant women can be as high as 50 ~ 80%. The infection rate of pregnant women with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in rural areas of the United States is 9.0%. The CT infection rate of low-income pregnant women in Mexico is10.1%; In Vestsjaelland, Denmark, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 2.9%; In Sao Paulo, Brazil, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 9%; In Martinique, France, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 26.7%. " You know, it is very important to detect mycoplasma and chlamydia. In fact, the doctor will give you a whole-body microbial culture, at least dozens of pathogens can be isolated, but this does not mean that you have dozens of diseases.
I went to the hospital to check vaginitis and found mycoplasma and chlamydia. The doctor said that if left untreated, it would lead to infertility. I'm very scared. Is that so?
A: So far, there is no authoritative and reliable research data to prove that mycoplasma and chlamydia can cause infertility. On the contrary, after pregnancy, due to the change of vaginal environment, it is more suitable for mycoplasma and chlamydia to survive. Look at the information quoted in my article: "In the study of pregnant women, the colonization rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) in the lower reproductive tract of pregnant women can be as high as 50 ~ 80%. The infection rate of pregnant women with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in rural areas of the United States is 9.0%. The CT infection rate of low-income pregnant women in Mexico is10.1%; In Vestsjaelland, Denmark, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 2.9%; In Sao Paulo, Brazil, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 9%; In Martinique, France, the CT infection rate of pregnant women is 26.7%. " As you can imagine, you shouldn't worry about it.
The blood test showed that I had chlamydia and mycoplasma infection. Is this credible?
A: Not credible. 1, taking urethral secretion and vaginal secretion for mycoplasma and chlamydia culture is a reliable detection method. 2. You need to be accompanied by corresponding symptoms and discomfort before you can consider "infection"; There are no symptoms, only mycoplasma and chlamydia cultured from secretions are "strangers", not infections.
How to understand the difference between "infection" and "sojourning"?
A: I have already discussed it in the article, and I will explain it here: Usually, there are a large number of microbial parasites in the skin, mucous membrane, mouth, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, external genitalia, urethra, vagina, rectum, anus and other parts of our body, many of which are pathogens. When people's resistance is normal, they can achieve a balance with many other parasitic microorganisms (strive for the' resources' of parasitic environment), so that the number of each other can be controlled and will not affect the human body. This is what medicine calls "flora balance". It is called "sojourning" at this time.
When people's resistance drops (physical weakness, excessive sexual life causes chronic congestion of sexual organs for a long time, and local resistance drops), or antibiotics are abused, which destroys the original "flora balance" and the number of some microorganisms increases sharply. At this time, their tissues are inflamed and have symptoms due to mass reproduction, which is called "infection".
Look, this is how we humans live in danger every day. Therefore, how important it is for human beings to stay healthy and enhance their own resistance! Can it kill all microorganisms in the human body? Oh, of course ~ ~ ~, so that human beings will not have infectious diseases. It's really good! But it's impossible! Accept the reality.
I have vaginitis, and the doctor said that I was "non-gonorrhea" after checking vaginal secretions, which was caused by mycoplasma. ...
A: If I hear you correctly, that person may not be a "doctor". "nongonococcal urethritis" refers to "nongonococcal urethritis", which is different from "vaginitis". Your examination is "vaginal discharge", not "urethral discharge". This diagnosis is questionable.
I have vaginitis, and I was found to have trichomonas (or mold), mycoplasma and chlamydia. Should I receive treatment at the same time?
A: There are actually two possibilities: 1. Your vaginitis is caused by trichomonas or mold. Mycoplasma and chlamydia are only parasitic in your vagina, not the cause of vaginitis. 2. Your vaginitis is caused by trichomonas (or mold), mycoplasma and chlamydia at the same time, and needs to be treated at the same time. My suggestion is: 1, actively treat trichomonal (or fungal) vaginitis. 2. Both mycoplasma and chlamydia can be treated at the same time.
I have nongonococcal urethritis, caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia. It was examined by a reputable big hospital. How should I treat it?
A: If it is really nongonococcal urethritis caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia, it certainly needs treatment. Mycoplasma and chlamydia are very sensitive to antibiotics. Azithromycin has a good effect on this. Usage: 1. Take it immediately: take it once 1g(4 tablets, 250mg each). Second, take 0.5g(2 tablets) on the first day, one tablet a day, and 1.5g(6 tablets) is enough. (Generally, azithromycin is packaged in 6 tablets per box, each tablet is 250mg, generally 70 yuan per box).
I am infected with mycoplasma and chlamydia. They said it would cost 500 yuan a day for ten days. Is it really that expensive?
A: I don't know what medicine they use, but I won't use it like this.
After mycoplasma and chlamydia infection, the symptoms disappeared after treatment, but there were still mycoplasma and chlamydia after examination. What should I do?
A: the symptoms disappeared and were cured clinically. As I have said, it is normal for mycoplasma and chlamydia to live in the body. You'd better strengthen exercise and exercise, improve your resistance, don't be too indulgent, and it's not easy to relapse.
To tell the truth, I am a playboy. There are many women outside. I have nongonococcal urethritis, which is caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia, but my wife doesn't. Why can't I infect her?
A: As you said, because of your Playboy, there are many women outside, so your sexual life frequency must be very high. Due to frequent sexual intercourse, the sexual organs are in a state of chronic congestion for a long time, and the local resistance of genitals is greatly reduced, so you are prone to mycoplasma and chlamydia infection; Moreover, your wife has no sexual indulgence or chronic genital congestion, and her local resistance is normal and she is not easy to get infected. You'd better learn to be responsible for your health.
I have nongonococcal urethritis, which is caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia. After taking the medicine, the symptoms disappeared, but symptoms such as poor rest, fatigue and drinking appeared again. Do I have to take medicine repeatedly all my life?
A: "But you have symptoms caused by poor rest, fatigue, drinking, etc." The important reason is that you have poor health and poor self-resistance, and of course you are prone to relapse. What is more important for you now is to strengthen exercise and improve your resistance, which is the root of solving the problem.
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Mycoplasma is the smallest microorganism that can grow and reproduce in inanimate media. It is widely distributed in nature, with more than 80 species. Mycoplasma related to human beings include mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma genitalium.
Several concepts that need to be clarified:
Close contact, * * * using public supplies, office equipment, * * * using public toilets (sitting), etc., may also be infected with such sexually transmitted diseases.
Third, fertility and infertility:
Whether men or women, if there is any inflammation, infection, microbial proliferation and reproduction in reproductive organs, it may affect fertility and lead to infertility.
Mycoplasma can only attach to the receptors on the surface of epithelial cells of respiratory tract or urogenital tract, and does not enter tissues and blood. The causes of cell damage caused by mycoplasma are as follows: (1) Mycoplasma adhering to the surface of host cells absorbs nutrients from cells and obtains lipids and cholesterol from cell membranes, causing cell damage; Toxic substances produced by mycoplasma metabolism, such as Mycoplasma lysolyticum, can produce neurotoxins and cause cell membrane damage; Ureaplasma contains urease, which can hydrolyze urea to produce a large amount of ammonia, which is toxic to cells. Mycoplasma can not only adhere to the surface of cells and macrophages, but also adhere to the surface of sperm, thus preventing sperm from moving. Neuraminidase-like substances produced by mycoplasma can interfere with the combination of sperm and eggs. This is one of the causes of infertility caused by mycoplasma infection.
Therefore, when mycoplasma is infected, it may lead to infertility. Look clearly, it is "mycoplasma infection"! However, when mycoplasma lives in a foreign country, due to the mutual restriction with other normal flora, the body reaches a "dynamic balance" with them under the protection of the immune system, and its number is limited to a certain range, so everyone "lives in peace".
When a woman is pregnant, the vaginal environment changes (pelvic congestion), which is more suitable for microbial habitat. Therefore, it is found that the colonization rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women's lower reproductive tract can be as high as 50 ~ 80%.
The most common problems of netizens
What if the blood test shows "mycoplasma infection"?
A: There can be no "mycoplasma" in the blood. At most, only "mycoplasma antibody" is positive. This is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for "mycoplasma infection".
How to detect mycoplasma is correct?
A: The Ministry of Health has not stipulated a unified inspection standard for laboratory examination of nongonococcal urethritis. Therefore, I can't give an accurate answer. But at least, in the current situation, if a large number of mycoplasma proliferation is detected in the inflammatory site, then it is necessary to doubt the possibility of mycoplasma infection. For example, when urethritis occurs, a large number of mycoplasma are detected through urethral secretions. In vaginitis, a large number of mycoplasma are detected from vaginal secretions (leucorrhea). At this time, the word "many" is very important, which is an important basis to distinguish whether mycoplasma is "infected" or "foreign".
He (she) is mycoplasma positive. I checked the information, and medical institutions in the United States all said it was a "sexually transmitted disease"! Isn't this evidence that he (she) cheated?
A: Yes, European and American societies classify "non-gonorrhea" as "sexually transmitted diseases". But we must make it clear that European and American societies do not regard this as evidence of "infidelity"! This is a generalized "sexually transmitted disease", and even "fungal vaginitis" is also a generalized sexually transmitted disease. Women, especially middle-aged women, should know that "fungal vaginitis" is more common in gynecology than colds ~ ~
We wanted to have a baby, and when we went to the physical examination, we found that it was "mycoplasma positive", but there were no symptoms at all. We went to many hospitals, and some doctors said nothing; Some doctors seriously say that this will lead to infertility ... do I really need intravenous drip every day?
A: My suggestion is to accept the reality that mycoplasma can survive in normal people. If you don't feel unwell, but you find "mycoplasma positive" during physical examination, you can take azithromycin (six tablets) orally for a course of treatment, and then you don't have to worry about whether it turns negative. In this case, a large number of antibiotics are used to "treat" others, or at least abuse antibiotics. Moreover, even with such a large dose of antibiotics, it may not be able to "turn negative".
I do have symptoms and can be diagnosed as "mycoplasma infection", but why do so many antibiotics have no effect?
A: Symptoms need treatment because mycoplasma is sensitive to antibiotics. If the symptoms are still not improved after using a lot of antibiotics, the possibility of "mixed infection" should be considered.
Mixed infection means that infection is not only caused by mycoplasma. For example, when women suffer from vaginitis, the pathogens of vaginitis, mold and trichomonas, can also cause male urethritis, because "mold and trichomonas" can only be controlled by using special targeted drugs. At this point, simply using ordinary antibiotics will not be effective. At this time, the only correct choice is to go to a better hospital, check the urethral secretions, see if there are other pathogens causing mixed infection, and then take targeted treatment.