Mental health means that all aspects and activities of psychology are in a good or normal state. The ideal state of mental health is to maintain a state of complete personality, normal intelligence, correct cognition, appropriate mood, reasonable will, positive attitude, appropriate behavior and good adaptation. The following is the essential knowledge of college students' mental health, which I compiled for reference only. Welcome to reading.

First, what is mental health?

The best functional state that individual psychology can achieve within its own and environmental conditions does not mean absolute perfection. Mental health is a relative concept. The difference between normal psychological activities and abnormal psychological activities is relative, and there is no obvious boundary between them.

Second, 1946, the third international mental health conference put forward the standards of mental health.

1, physical, intellectual and emotional harmony.

2. Adapt to the environment and be humble to each other in interpersonal relationships.

3. Have a sense of happiness.

I can give full play to my ability and lead an efficient life in my work and career.

Thirdly, American humanistic psychologist Maslow put forward the standard of mental health.

1, full of security.

2. Fully understand yourself and make an appropriate evaluation of your abilities.

3. The goal of life can be realistic.

4. Keep in touch with the real environment.

5, can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality.

6. Have the ability to learn from experience.

7, can maintain good interpersonal relationships.

8. Moderate emotional expression and control.

9, in the case of not violating the requirements of the group, you can carry out limited personality play.

10, on the premise of not violating social norms, can appropriately meet the basic needs of individuals.

Fourthly, college students' mental health standards.

1, can maintain a strong interest in learning and thirst for knowledge.

2. Be able to maintain correct self-awareness and accept yourself. Self-awareness is the core of personality, which refers to people's understanding and experience of their relationship with the surrounding world.

3. Be able to coordinate and control emotions and maintain a good mood. People with mental health can always maintain a happy, confident and satisfied mood, be good at finding fun from actions, be full of hope for life and have good emotional stability.

4. Be able to maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships and be willing to communicate.

5, can maintain a complete and unified personality quality. The ultimate goal of mental health is to maintain the integrity of personality and cultivate a sound personality. Personality integrity refers to the balanced development of temperament, ability, personality, ideals, beliefs and outlook on life.

6. Be able to maintain good adaptability to the environment, including correctly understanding the environment and handling the relationship between individuals and the environment.

7. Psychological behavior conforms to age characteristics. A person's psychological behavior often seriously deviates from his age characteristics, which is generally a manifestation of mental unhealthy.

V. Level of mental health status

From healthy state to mental illness state, it can be generally divided into four grades: healthy state, bad state, psychological disorder and mental illness.

1, mental health status

The criteria for distinguishing mental health state from unhealthy state have always been a topic of discussion in the field of psychology, and many psychologists at home and abroad have put forward various mental health standards according to their own research results. A simple evaluation method. That is, from my own evaluation, others' evaluation and social function analysis:

I don't feel pain-that is, for a period of time (such as a week, a month, a season or a year), the feeling of happiness is greater than the feeling of pain.

(2) Others do not feel abnormal-that is, psychological activities are in harmony with the surrounding environment, and there is no phenomenon of being out of tune with the surrounding environment.

③ Good social function-that is, being competent for family and social roles, giving full play to one's own abilities, and realizing self-worth by using existing conditions (or creating conditions) in the general social environment.

2. Bad state

Also known as the third state, it is a state between a healthy state and a disease state. It is a common sub-health state of normal people. It is caused by personal psychological quality (such as being too competitive, withdrawn, sensitive, etc.). ), life events (such as work pressure, promotion failure, superior criticism, frustration in marriage and love, etc.). ) and poor health (such as overwork and physical illness). Characterized in that:

(1) Time is short-this state lasts for a short time and can generally be relieved within one week.

② Slight injury-this state has little influence on its social function. People in this state can generally complete their daily work, study and life, but the pleasure is less than the pain. Tired, annoyed, unhappy and coping are their common words.

③ Self-regulation-Most people in this state can improve their mental state through self-regulation such as rest, chatting, exercise, fishing, traveling and entertainment. A small number of people may form a relatively fixed state if they do not relieve for a long time. This small group of people should seek the help of psychologists and get adjusted as soon as possible.

3. Psychological barriers

Psychological obstacle is the progress, stagnation, delay, retreat or deviation of a certain aspect (or aspects) of mental state caused by personal and external factors. Characterized in that:

(1) disharmony-the external manifestations of their psychological activities are not commensurate with their physiological age or their reaction styles are different from those of ordinary people. For example, adults show childish state (stagnation, procrastination, retreat); Children's adult behavior (unbalanced advanced development); Abnormal (deviant) reaction to external stimuli, etc.

(2) pertinence-people in this state often have strong psychological reactions (including thinking, belief and behavior) to obstacles (such as sensitive things, objects and environment), but may behave normally to non-obstacles.

(3) great damage-this state has a great influence on its social function. It may make the parties unable to complete one (or several) social work according to the standards of ordinary people. For example, social anxiety test (also known as social phobia) can't complete social activities, sharp weapon terrorists dare not use knives and scissors, and it is difficult for people with sexual psychological disorders to communicate with the opposite sex normally.

(3) Need to help psychologists-most people in this state can't solve the fundamental problem through self-regulation and the help of non-professionals. The guidance of psychologists is necessary.

4. mental illness

Mental illness is a strong psychological reaction (thinking, emotion, behavior, will) caused by personal and external factors, accompanied by obvious physical discomfort. It is the external manifestation of brain dysfunction. Characterized in that:

① Strong psychological reaction-there may be misjudgment of thinking, decreased agility of thinking, decreased memory, blank mind, strong sense of inferiority and pain, lack of energy, depression turning into depression, nervousness and anxiety, abnormal behavior (such as repetitive actions, reduced actions, withdrawal behavior, etc.). ), as well as a decline in will.

(2) Obvious physical discomfort-dysfunction of the central control system can cause dysfunction of various systems of the controlled human body: if the digestive system is affected, symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, constipation or diarrhea (or constipation-diarrhea alternation) may occur; If the cardiovascular system is affected, there will be symptoms such as palpitation, chest tightness and dizziness; If it affects the endocrine system, there will be changes in women's menstrual cycle, male sexual dysfunction ... and so on.

(3) Great harm-patients in this state cannot or barely complete social functions, lack relaxed and pleasant experiences, and have a strong sense of pain. "It's uncomfortable everywhere" and "It's better to be alive than dead" are their true inner experiences.

④ Patients in this state can't recover through self-regulation and treatment by non-psychologists. Psychologists generally adopt a comprehensive treatment method combining psychotherapy and drug therapy for such patients. In the early stage of treatment, mood can be quickly adjusted by mood-regulating drugs, psychological disorders can be relieved by psychotherapy in the middle and late stage, social functions can be restored by psychological training, and mental health level can be improved.

Extended content: popular science of mental health knowledge

First, psychological barriers.

Depression is the most common and serious psychological problem among teenagers. As a result, suicide has brought immeasurable harm and loss to the family. Depression is manifested as: feeling unhappy, unhappy and bored for a period of time; Usually, things that interest you become boring, thinking ability decreases, brain becomes dull, attention decreases, learning loses motivation, people become "lazy" and even tired of learning; If you become indifferent or indifferent to the decline in your grades, insomnia, general fatigue, feeling meaningless to live, and suicidal thoughts, you should consult a psychologist in time to prevent the occurrence of adverse consequences and the further development of the disease.

Second, psychological problems caused by study pressure.

For many teenagers, the only task is reading. The study burden of middle school students is too heavy, which often brings them heavy pressure. It is not uncommon for teenagers with mental illness caused by study pressure, and many of them have excellent grades in key schools. Their ideological pressure often comes from dissatisfaction with the current learning situation, overemphasis on the results and inappropriate comparative analysis of the current situation, and lack of interest in learning. Examination anxiety, weariness of learning, attention and memory problems in the process of learning are common problems among teenagers. The way to solve these problems is to be confident first, and then to be confident. Let me tell the students a story: One day, a famous foreign scientist went to a school to give a lecture. The teacher at school said that you are a great scientist and have trained many people. If you think the students here are the most promising in the future, the great scientist refers to two children. A few years later, these two children really made contributions in the field of science. When the teacher met the scientist again, he told the story of that year. The great scientist was surprised and said, I'm just saying. What does this mean? It can be seen how important self-confidence is to the growth of a child. If you are a great scientist, you will be full of hope, hard-working and confident in everything. Tell another story. Zheng is a famous modern writer. After returning home from the army, he worked as a worker in a factory. He doesn't think he has any skills, but he also wants to live a good life. He wanted to do something hard, and after thinking about it, he started writing without spending much money. At the beginning, writing poems and submitting them is almost throwing them away and writing them once. Almost a year ago, an article was suddenly published, and he had confidence again, but without much money, his confidence gradually disappeared. Suddenly another article was published, and confidence came again. Then, he published more and more articles. Later, he read the poems that had been rejected before and found that the previous poems were really smelly. But how can we get better slowly? It's confidence. I think, as long as you have enough confidence, your ability of 50 points may be able to play to more than 80 points. If you don't have confidence, you can only score 20 points if you have the ability of 100. This requires students to pay attention to the cultivation of self-confidence and self-confidence in peacetime.

Third, the psychological problems brought by bad habits and hobbies to teenagers.

Although the students' physical and mental development is rapid, at this time, your thoughts are not mature, and your ability to understand society and distinguish right from wrong is not strong, your self-control ability is poor, your curiosity and desire to imitate are strong, and you are easily influenced by your peers or bad social atmosphere, and you are easy to develop bad habits and habits. At present, many of you are addicted to computer games or surfing the Internet, which has seriously damaged your's physical and mental health. Some students even smoke, take drugs and steal things (such as smoking), which is of course related to our environment, that is, family, school education and social atmosphere. But as long as the students persist, we should make dedication, friendship, mutual assistance and progress in thought; In action, you should improve your quality, serve the society, follow the example of the person you like, let the people around you admire and admire, ask yourself, and implement the action. I believe you will be very successful. Fifth, the psychological problems brought by heterosexual communication to students.

This is mainly caused by the contradiction between psychological and physiological needs and social behavior norms. According to a survey, the physiological maturity age of teenagers in China is generally four to five years earlier than that of last century. The vast majority of high school students are physically mature people, eager for heterosexual contacts, and the more they make friends, the more urgent they are. These are normal, and they are your psychological and physical needs. Due to improper handling, puppy love, inattention in class, thinking about this mess in my mind, how to deal with these things? I will make three points:

1, heterosexual contacts should be extensive, not specialized.

That is, encourage more and avoid only one. Extensive communication between students of the opposite sex will promote and help their study and thoughts, and also help to cheer up their emotions. However, the individual communication and heart-to-heart talk between students of the opposite sex will go from the shallow to the deep, from the general to the special. With the requirements of social behavior norms, it will develop from normal communication between students to "seeing for a day, like Sanqiu" love, and extensive communication between students of the opposite sex will prevent both sides of the opposite sex from falling into the zone of puppy love.

2, heterosexual communication should be short and not long.

The communication time between two opposite sex students in adolescence should not be too long. Some students are inseparable from junior high school to high school. In junior high school, there is no feeling. In high school, they went on, from gathering to being inseparable, and entered puppy love. Therefore, in the communication between students of the opposite sex, we should pay attention to the shorter contact time and wider scope, so that they can get to know all kinds of students of the opposite sex, which will give different people more contact opportunities.

3. heterosexual communication should be sparse but not dense.

It is normal for students of the opposite sex to communicate, but they must not concentrate. There are gender differences between boys and girls. Some people's subconscious is often discovered when the opposite sex is alone. Too frequent communication with the opposite sex will arouse people's enthusiasm and impulse, so the frequency of communication between boys and girls is lower, which is conducive to the normal communication between the opposite sex and the healthy development of teenagers' body and mind.

Due to the awakening of middle school students' physiological consciousness, it is normal to be curious, concerned, adored and willing to approach the opposite sex. We should correctly treat "friendship" and "love". The surname of friendship is "you", which is a friendly exchange between friends, and more importantly, a word "righteousness". Love's surname is "love", which is voluntary love. It is the default to emphasize the training of mental health knowledge. We remind everyone that when you feel that the other person has a strong attraction and a desire to be with the other person, you should pay attention to drawing a clear line in time to avoid entering the misunderstanding of puppy love and putting a heavy burden on your mind too early.

Fourthly, the psychological problems brought by interpersonal pressure to students.

With the growth of age and the enhancement of independent consciousness, teenagers have more and more extensive contact with society and their desire for independence is getting stronger and stronger. Social partners are a spiritual need of teenagers. Young people who are troubled by interpersonal pressure usually show inferiority, care too much about other people's comments, get hurt easily, lose face and so on. On the one hand, they demand independence, hope to get rid of the life dependent on their parents, and are eager to go beyond their families and establish partnerships; On the other hand, lack of experience makes it difficult to face setbacks. Especially those teenagers who are introverted, psychologically weak in bearing love and strong in self-esteem, it is easy to feel depressed and lonely in the group and unable to extricate themselves. Then we should objectively analyze our present situation and allow ourselves to have shortcomings, failures and possible loss of face. Perfect people don't exist. Don't be too hard on yourself and don't place too much hope on the outside world. Enhance the skills of self-confidence cultivation with a normal heart.

Disclaimer: This article only represents the author's personal views and has nothing to do with this website.

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