First, the status quo of college career planning education
China's current employment system for college students is "self-employment" under the guidance of market mechanism, which embodies the improvement of national quality and rational allocation of human resources under the condition of market economy, conforms to the inherent requirements of market economy, and also meets the needs of independent choice and personality development of college graduates. But relatively speaking, it puts forward higher requirements for college students' ability to adapt to the new employment mechanism and social and professional environment. In addition, the expansion of enrollment has led to a record number of college graduates year after year. Due to the downsizing of state-owned enterprises and institutions, the number of jobs has not increased significantly, but has declined relatively, and the contradiction between supply and demand is very prominent. Therefore, the employment situation of college graduates for the first time is not optimistic. In the mid-1990s, colleges and universities in China began to implement career planning education. During college, students' physical, intellectual, emotional and social consciousness have undergone great changes, and they have begun to further explore their interests and abilities, and have a certain yearning for careers. At this time, receiving career planning education can urge students to seriously think about their future, help students establish a correct career concept, help students adjust their goals in time, and finally enhance their competitiveness.
However, in the specific implementation process, career planning education has not completely divorced from the old work mode of "graduate employment guidance", and often only provides services for graduates. Analyzing the reasons, it is an important factor that the number and quality of employment guidance personnel are obviously insufficient. On the one hand, China's colleges and universities currently lack specialized teaching institutions to be responsible for career planning education, and mainly rely on employment guidance departments to carry out their work. However, the employment guidance department needs to deal with many daily and administrative tasks such as employment policy consultation and graduate dispatch, and it is often stretched and understaffed in career planning education; On the other hand, teachers who teach career planning are often college counselors. They have no systematic professional learning experience, no standardized career planning training, lack of knowledge and skills in career planning and lack of guidance. It is difficult to provide practical and valuable career planning guidance for college students.
This mode of "School Employment Service Department+College Counselor" can neither meet the actual needs of college students' career planning nor achieve the goal of harmonious and sustainable development of students through career planning education. Colleges and universities urgently need a brand-new employment guidance model for college students. Based on the implementation of career planning education and career guidance for college students at home and abroad, we can try to introduce growth record bags.
Second, the growth record bag is an effective carrier of career planning education.
Portfolio, which means folder, folder or briefcase in English, is currently translated into Portfolio and portfolio in China. The growth record bag has been used abroad for decades, and it is a relatively mature auxiliary evaluation method. Chinese educators have also actively carried out relevant research and practice, which has been widely used in the basic education stage. However, the role of growth record bag in college, especially in career planning education, has not attracted enough attention.
Specifically, the growth record bag is an evaluation method that consciously collects students' relevant works and other relevant materials according to the educational and teaching objectives, reflects students' strengths and weaknesses in the process of learning and development through reasonable analysis and explanation, and encourages students to achieve higher achievements through self-reflection.
The growth record bag mainly collects students' records, materials, works and evaluation results about learning and growth. The specific contents include a detailed analysis of students' own characteristics, interests and abilities, a summary of self-development stages and suggestions for improvement, suggestions from counselors, professional teachers and major family members, a summary of the completion of goals in the previous stage and the formulation of goals and tasks in the next stage, as well as the honorary achievements of students' comprehensive quality development. For career planning, the growth record bag can also add records, including career planning record cards filled in regularly, career planning analysis forms completed in career exploration, orientation, promotion, employment preparation and other stages.
The following problems should be paid attention to when implementing the college students' career planning and growth record bag:
First, the growth record bag, as a career planning education tool, is different from the general student files and primary and secondary school students' growth record bags. The object of its implementation is college students, and the students themselves are the main recorders and finishers. The whole growth record bag has the contents of students' participation, the criteria of selection and the criteria of evaluation.
Second, the application of growth record bag in college students' career planning education is not to give students a reward and punishment evaluation in the usual sense, but to give priority to individuals and highlight positive encouraging evaluation and developmental evaluation. The works put into the growth record bag should focus on students' learning styles, habits and characteristics, which are not easy to be observed in the paper-and-pencil test.
Third, when collecting data, the growth record bag should respect the great differences in professional interests, professional specialties, professional ideals, professional abilities and career choices caused by different growth environment, behavior habits, personality hobbies and ability levels, and fully display the efforts, progress and achievements of students in one or several fields according to their specific conditions.
Fourth, students should adhere to the principle of good faith and record their own information truthfully in the process of filling out the growth record bag. At the same time, the auxiliary information provided by professional teachers, counselors, classmates and parents is introduced into the growth record bag to make the record more objective and true.
Thirdly, the growth record bag has important educational and practical significance for career planning education.
First, improve the implementation of career planning education.
The growth record bag is an evaluation means to record students' progress, efforts, self-reflection ability and their final development level, and it is an effective tool to carry out career planning education. Under the realistic environment that it is difficult for the employment guidance department to have fixed time and energy to carry out employment guidance for college students, trying to use the growth record bag can alleviate the problem of insufficient personnel, facilities and funds to some extent.
Career planning education used to focus on teaching, which can teach all theoretical knowledge in a unit time and judge students' mastery through exams. Really effective vocational education activities should be based on reality, pay attention to the integration of theoretical knowledge and practical operation, and guide students to make career planning in their daily study and life practice. The use of growth record bag can make up for the deficiency of traditional career planning education. By combing the career planning analysis table and record card, "give full play to the incentive function, supplemented by the supervision function;" Give priority to self-reflection, supplemented by critical education; Give full play to the communication function under the premise of giving consideration to privacy space, avoid pure idealized and abstract education, and educate students on career planning with solving their practical problems as the main task.
Second, stimulate students' learning motivation.
Due to the influence of traditional educational concepts in China, the degree of socialization of college students is generally low when they enter school. Without the supervision of parents and teachers, they need to rely on their own initiative and consciousness to complete their learning tasks. Many students began to be confused. They don't know why and how they study, nor do they know the standard of social demand for college students, what career they will choose in the end, and whether they are qualified for this job. Therefore, in the early days of college, some students often behave at a loss. The timely introduction of the growth record bag can effectively help students who lack experience and choice ability, explore the learning direction, stimulate learning motivation, and overcome the confusion caused by the lack of clear learning and development goals and evaluation indicators.
By recording, reviewing, analyzing, reflecting and evaluating the growth record bag, students can be helped to combine the learning process with the career goal realization process as soon as possible, and enrich their professional knowledge and comprehensive quality in a directional, step-by-step and orderly manner. Among them, reflection is particularly important for college students. Self-reflection is not only a powerful internal driving force, but also an effective way to stimulate college students' subjective initiative. In the process of career planning education, educators are limited to guiding students, making suggestions and providing some necessary help, and will not make a decision on the development direction of students. This requires college students to give full play to their main role, establish reasonable learning objectives and motivation mechanism, complete role transformation, actively carry out career planning, establish career awareness on the basis of understanding social needs, form basic understanding of career cognition, career evaluation and career ideal, and develop good career planning habits.
Third, the whole career planning education can be realized.
Career planning education should follow the systematic principle, focus on the development of students' whole career and run through the whole process of school education. From freshmen's adaptation to graduates' leaving school for employment, from the cultivation of comprehensive professional ability to the study of career orientation test and job-seeking skills, from special career planning education activities to daily education and teaching activities, the content of career planning education is included. Whole-course career planning education is an education that sets corresponding educational goals, puts forward specific requirements and adopts corresponding teaching methods according to the characteristics of students' professional cognitive ability and development level at different stages from enrollment to graduation, so as to help and guide students to continuously improve their career planning ability, move towards successful employment in society and have a positive effect on their future career development. Overcome the limitation of traditional employment guidance only for graduation grades.
Compared with other evaluation methods, growth record bag emphasizes and pays special attention to process evaluation, which coincides with the whole career planning. The growth record bag can collect information from the moment college students enter school, record students' career planning status throughout the whole process, systematically collect career planning information, and fully understand students' development status. Continuous information collection enables students to intuitively see their own learning achievements, so that career planning can last for a long time during college, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of giving up halfway and laying the foundation for the whole career planning.
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