The book "University" is a method of teaching people in ancient universities. Since people are born from heaven, they should be benevolent, courteous and wise. But the nature of his temperament is different, and it is impossible to know his nature in everything. As long as there is a smart and wise person who can do his best in the meantime, God will order him to be a trillion-dollar teacher, let him rule and teach him to restore his nature. This Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Yao, and Shun stood in the sky, and the position of Situ and the official of Dian Yue also stood.
Three On Behalf Oflong, its method is ready, and then the palace, the capital, and the alley are all learned. At the age of eight, he was under the vassal. As for the children in Shu Ren, they all entered the primary school, taught them to cope with the advance and retreat, and shot books with rites and music; Moreover, in more than ten or five years, all the emperors' sons, even the proper sons of public officials and doctors, and handsome people have entered the university, and they have been taught poverty, integrity, self-discipline and methods of governing others. This is also the difference between school teaching and the size of festivals.
My husband built a school with its extensive scope, teaching skills and the details of the first program, and it teaches because the people in this country practice their experience, not because people waiting for people's livelihood are learning from the people in this world. People who learn how to do it all know what their essence is and what their duties are, and they do their best. When the ancient times flourished, the rule was above it, and the vulgar beauty was inferior, which was beyond the reach of future generations!
As well as the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the holy king did not do it, the school administration was not repaired, the spirit was taught, and the customs were decadent. Sometimes Confucius is a saint, but he is not allowed to be a teacher to carry out his politics and religion, so he adopts the method of being a king first and recites it to future generations. If Quli, Shao Yi, Internal Rules and Disciples Rules have consolidated the surviving descendants of the primary school tributaries, then the success of this article is based on the understanding of the university, with an extremely large scale outside and a detailed program inside. Among the 3,000 people, Gammer didn't hear what he said, but the Biography of the Zeng Family was unique, so it was taken as righteousness to express its meaning.
Mencius didn't, but his biography was vague. Although his books exist, few people know about them. From the beginning, the study of reciting words and sentences in popular Confucianism was twice as effective as that in primary schools, and it was useless; Empty and silent heretical religion, higher than university, has no reality. Other tactics are based on fame and fortune, so those who mislead the world and falsely claim the people's righteousness are all unexpected, making their gentlemen unfortunate and unable to hear the road, and the villains unfortunate and unable to cure them. Blindness and congestion, repeated sinking, five seasons decline, chaos is extremely bad!
Fate is endless. Song Delong is prosperous and educated. So the two masters of the Cheng family in Henan came out, and some of them followed Meng's biography. At the beginning, I respected this article and expressed it, which not only made it an outline, but also made it interesting. Then, the method of teaching people in ancient universities, the finger of the Bible Sage Biography, suddenly returned to the world. Although I am insensitive to Xi, I am also lucky to remain private and knowledgeable. Taking it as a book is still quite frustrating, so I just forget its simplicity, adopt it, compile it, and occasionally secretly attach my own ideas to make up for its shortcomings, so as to be a gentleman in the future. Knowing his crime, he didn't run away. However, in the country's intention to turn the people into the common people, the literati may not have to cultivate their own way of governing people without Xiaoyun.
Xi Chun Ji You February Jiazi's New Preface to Zhu An Xi
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The book "University" is used to explain the principles and methods of ancient university teaching. Since God gave birth to mankind, everyone has been endowed with the nature of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. However, due to the differences in talent and intelligence between people, not everyone can know that they should have these kind and rational natures and try to preserve them. Once a person is smart and wise and can give full play to his kind nature in social groups, then God must give him a mission, let him become the monarch and mentor of hundreds of millions of people, and let him govern and educate the people, so as to restore their original kind and rational nature. This is the reason why Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi and Yaoshun accepted their destiny and became the teachers and role models of the people, and it is also the reason why the official positions such as Situ and Dianle, who were responsible for education, were established.
In the prosperous period of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the laws of production and life and the laws and regulations of social life gradually reached a relatively complete level. On this basis, schools have been set up from the palace to the capital and ordinary streets. From the age of eight, from the descendants of the prince to the children of ordinary people, all enter primary school. The contents of primary school teaching include: basic skills in daily life, basic etiquette in communication with people, etiquette, music, archery, driving, literacy, calculation and other cultural knowledge and skills. Until the age of fifteen, the prince and other sons who can succeed to the throne, sons born to the wives of public officials, ministers, doctors and scholars in the Yuan Dynasty, together with outstanding children of ordinary people, all entered the university. The content of university teaching is the principles and methods of exhausting things, rectifying nature, cultivating self-cultivation and managing people. This is also the case that school education is divided into universities and primary schools, and the teaching content is different.
The setting of ancient schools is so extensive, the order and content of teaching methods are so detailed and clear, and the contents taught are all the experiences, lessons and experiences experienced by the monarch personally, and it is not required to learn the rules of people's daily life and knowledge other than ethics. Because of this, people in this world should study now. These learners don't know their innate nature, and they don't know what their duties should be and what they shouldn't be, so they try their best to do their own things well. This is why the political civilization and social atmosphere of the prosperous court in ancient times were beautiful, but later generations could not catch up.
After the decline of the Zhou dynasty, the holy king did not appear, the teaching system of the above schools could not be implemented, education was abandoned, and customs were decadent. In this era, there are saints like Confucius who can't get the status of monarch and mentor to promote his governance and enlightenment, so he deliberately summed up the laws of the former king, taught and recited them for later generations. For example, Quli, Shao Yi, Neize and disciple's duty in The Book of Rites are all primary school contents, which have been handed down in the form of tributaries. The article "University" was written on the basis of learning university teaching methods in primary schools. There is a clear explanation on the scale of the university externally and a detailed explanation on the curriculum internally. There is no one among Confucius' 3,000 disciples who hasn't heard Confucius explain these contents. Only Ceng Zi understood the true meaning, so he immediately explained the original meaning of the scripture "Da Xue", and developed and explained it on this basis, which was handed down to future generations.
After the death of Mencius, such teaching was interrupted. Although the books they wrote are still there, few people can understand them. Since then, ordinary scholars have spent several times as much time as primary school to read and memorize words and phrases, but it is useless; Those heretical sermons that are so-called sublime beyond "university" have no practical content. Other tactics and techniques, such as preaching for the purpose of fame and fortune, various techniques and techniques, etc. , used to deceive the world, fool the masses, block the righteousness, in a variety of ways, so that the gentleman unfortunately can't know the essence of the avenue, ordinary people unfortunately can't get the favor of political civilization. The darkness is unknown, the moral education is not good, and such heavy social ills recur and accumulate and precipitate into chronic diseases. By the Five Dynasties, the decline and chaos reached the extreme.
The fate goes on and on, and there is no going back. Song Zhide was prosperous, and politics and religion were excellent. Then came two masters, Shi Cheng (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi), who inherited the tradition of Mencius, began to respect the book "Da Xue" and spread it constantly, re-edited the ancient books handed down from generation to generation, and clarified its theme and profound meaning. Since then, the principles and methods of educating students in ancient universities, and the purpose and essence of ancient sage classics have reappeared in the world. Although my talent is not enough, I am lucky enough to learn a lot from my teacher. It's just that many of Mr. Cheng's comments on "University" have been lost, so I haven't become narrow and shallow. I collected their comments and edited them again. In the meantime, I also wrote my own opinions in the book, supplemented the gaps, and waited for future scholars to correct me. I know very well that my behavior is outrageous and I will be accused, but it may not be of no benefit to the people's education, the willingness to change customs for the country, and the way for scholars to cultivate themselves and govern the country.