Paper Keywords: hazardous chemicals laboratory safety in colleges and universities
With the development of higher education and the improvement of university's scientific and technological innovation ability, the role of university laboratory has become increasingly prominent, and the laboratory has become the main place for students to cultivate their innovation ability. The safety of university laboratories is in a very important position in university management. In the new period and new situation, this paper puts forward corresponding management measures on how to strengthen the safety management of chemical laboratories, establish laboratory access system and how to deal with laboratory emergencies, so as to gradually improve the safety management of university laboratories.
Laboratory is an important base for teaching and scientific research in colleges and universities, which shoulders the triple tasks of teaching, scientific research and service. Dangerous chemicals are widely used in teaching and scientific research in chemical laboratories. The laboratory has the characteristics of frequent use of products, concentrated personnel and great mobility. With the continuous strengthening of practical teaching in colleges and universities, the number of students entering the laboratory has increased year by year. [1-3] Laboratory safety and environmental protection work is facing great pressure and challenges. Therefore, it is urgent to further strengthen the safety management of university laboratories. [4]
First, the problems existing in the management of hazardous chemicals in university laboratories
1. Daily management
At present, laboratory chemicals in many colleges and universities are purchased by contacting reagent companies themselves. Although the intermediate links are reduced and the price is much cheaper, it has caused the consequences of lack of supervision and chaotic management. Some laboratory drugs are stored in the experimental cabinet before they are used up, and a large number of reagents are often placed on the experimental platform, and the mixing of taboo drugs can be seen everywhere. Moreover, with the extension of storage time, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the laboratory seriously exceeded the standard. Working in such an environment for a long time is very harmful to the health of teachers and students. Drug deterioration, label damage or even loss, and experimental misoperation also occur from time to time.
For example, at 8 o'clock in the evening of August 9, 2007, when Li was preparing to treat a bottle of tetrahydrofuran, he did not check it carefully and mistakenly put a bottle of nitromethane into sodium hydroxide as tetrahydrofuran. About a minute later, reagent bottle emitted white smoke. Li immediately pulled down the glass door of the fume hood, and the smoke at the mouth of the bottle turned into a black foam-like liquid. Li called the postdoctoral fellow in the same lab for answers, and then there was an explosion, and glass fragments cut their arms. The accident was caused by the carelessness of the parties in feeding and the failure to carefully check the chemical reagents to be used. The disorder of the experimental platform and the problem of drug overdose were exposed.
2. Students lack safety education and have a weak sense of safety.
The existing chemistry and chemical engineering laboratory system only puts forward the basic requirements for experimental students to carry out chemical experiments from a macro perspective. Many specific tasks and technologies are incorrect, and the management system has problems such as weak pertinence and poor operability. In most colleges and universities, there is no mandatory safety education requirement for students before entering the laboratory. Students lack the necessary understanding of the importance of safety and their own responsibilities, and there are cases of barbaric operation and blind operation; Due to the lack of professional knowledge, some students lack emergency training in laboratory fire prevention, explosion prevention, corrosion prevention, poisoning prevention and burn prevention. Once there is a problem, they will be at a loss or make mistakes in their work.
For example, in the chemical laboratory of a university, 20mL of ammonia water, 4g of ferrous sulfate 1g and raw materials are added to plum, and the heating temperature is 160℃. Because the glass sealed tube is not resistant to high pressure, and the pressure in the tube cannot be detected during the reaction. When observing the temperature of oil bath, ammonia water turns into ammonia gas and water vapor at high temperature, resulting in greater pressure, which causes the glass tube to explode and the whole reaction system to be completely shattered. The client's forehead was injured, but fortunately, he wore eye protection at that time, so he didn't hurt his eyes. This accident revealed that students have insufficient understanding of the dangers of chemical experiments and weak safety awareness; It also reflects that the school's safety education on chemical experiments has not been really implemented. This kind of experiment must be carried out in a fume hood, and the closed system and pressure experiment must be carried out in a special laboratory.
Second, measures to strengthen laboratory safety management in colleges and universities
1. Establish and improve the responsibility system for laboratory safety management.
Due to the sudden and destructive nature of safety accidents, it is the premise and foundation to establish and improve the standardized responsibility system for laboratory safety management.
The first is the school level. At present, most colleges and universities have established three levels of security in schools, secondary colleges and laboratories. [5] However, the management of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory still lacks the corresponding system. For example, the relevant functional departments of the school (such as security department, academic affairs office, etc.). ) Not clearly designated to exercise the supervision and management power on behalf of the school in the process of chemical procurement, storage and use, which makes the procurement of laboratory drugs in a disorderly state, and the relevant departments of the school do not know the distribution of reagents and drugs in various laboratories; Second, the second-level college of chemical engineering should conscientiously implement the responsibility system for the safety management of hazardous chemicals, and put the responsibility into every laboratory and every independent room. Who is in charge, who is responsible; Who is on the job, who is responsible; Who does the experiment and who is in charge? The post responsibility system makes every laboratory staff clearly realize their great responsibility in laboratory safety.
2. Have a reliable safety inspection system [6]
Safety inspection is the strengthening and effect of daily management. How to carry out safety inspection and avoid becoming a mere formality, the contents and methods of inspection are very important. At present, colleges and universities should carry out safety inspection before key holidays. The most common form is that leaders at all levels of the college form inspection teams to visit various laboratories, and each laboratory welcomes cleaning. It can't be said that this kind of inspection has no effect at all, but its limitations are obvious. First of all, the personnel are unprofessional, and most leaders at all levels are no longer in the front line of teaching. Some of them know chemical engineering, others don't, and they are suspected of being amateurs. Secondly, time is tight, and most of them are cursory. So as long as people clean up, everything will be fine. Third, people are used to this kind of safety inspection, which is easy to cause ideological paralysis and can't play the role of safety warning.
Therefore, to do a good job in safety inspection, first, the inspection content should be scientific and effective, and the targeted inspection content should be formulated according to the characteristics of different laboratories; Secondly, the personnel should be professional, organize experienced people who have worked in the front line of the laboratory for a long time to form a safety inspection team, and really find out the problems. Find out the problem and rectify it within a time limit, such as Zhejiang University? Zhejiang University Laboratory Safety and Hygiene Inspection System? According to the system, the hidden dangers of laboratory safety are investigated. According to the results of school supervision and spot check, the laboratory and equipment management office will publicize the implementation, hidden dangers and problems, rectification of each unit's safety inspection on the campus network and urge the rectification. In addition, the school has also set up a leading group for laboratory technical safety, and the functional departments will help solve the security risks that the departments themselves cannot rectify. Only in this way can we implement hidden dangers management and avoid mutual buck passing.
3. Establish a laboratory access system
University laboratories are places where dangerous sources are concentrated, including all kinds of dangerous goods and dangerous equipment, and the experiments carried out are dangerous, so it is necessary to establish a safe access system for university laboratories. [7]
Laboratory security access system can be realized in many forms. For example, before entering the laboratory, all laboratory personnel in American universities must read the laboratory and this place carefully, pass the exam, sign the safety commitment letter, and wear the necessary safety protection articles before entering the laboratory to visit and study; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University offers compulsory and non-compulsory safety courses. Students are required to receive safety training arranged by the school and enter the laboratory after passing the examination.
Some mainland universities have also implemented the laboratory safety access system. For example, since 2004, Tsinghua University has opened a program mainly for graduate students? Laboratory security? Compulsory course, *** 16 class hours, 1 credit. Tianjin University included the legal system of college students' safety in the total class hours, and 0.5 credits were included in students' study. Zhejiang University combined with development? Safe campus? Evaluation activities, the establishment of a compulsory student safety and environmental education system, 18-36 credits, first-year and second-year students use holidays for training, and the school provides online courseware and downloads. Establish a laboratory access system, didn't you get it? Laboratory safety and environmental protection? Students with course credits are not allowed to enter the laboratory.
4. Strengthen safety protection and equip with safety protection equipment and facilities.
Because of its particularity, there are many hidden dangers in the laboratory. Such as: improper operation of glass instruments is easy to cause cuts; Heating at high temperature may cause scald or burn; Contact with dangerous chemicals can easily cause chemical burns and poisoning. Therefore, according to the characteristics of different instruments and drugs, laboratories should formulate corresponding safety protection measures and equip them with corresponding safety facilities and protective articles. For example, laboratories should be equipped with fume hoods, emergency showers, eye washers, etc. According to the characteristics of each laboratory, equipped with first aid kit, first aid supplies, eye protection supplies, gas masks, etc. Equipped and placed in a fixed position, not locked, so that the experimenter can master the correct use method through education and training.
5. Formulate and improve the accident emergency rescue plan.
Accident emergency rescue plan refers to the rescue activities organized to control dangerous sources, rescue victims, protect the masses, organize evacuation and eliminate harmful consequences when dangerous chemicals cause or may cause serious harm such as casualties for various reasons. Every laboratory should establish a set of basic accident rules and emergency rescue procedures according to the types, quantities and properties of dangerous chemicals in the laboratory, so that everyone who enters the laboratory can be familiar with them. This should also be an aspect of the laboratory access system.
Third, the conclusion
There are many kinds of dangerous chemicals used in university laboratories with different properties. If stored and used improperly, safety accidents will occur. Therefore, laboratory safety is the guarantee to ensure the personal safety of teachers and students and the smooth progress of teaching and scientific research. Only by perfecting and strictly implementing safety rules and regulations, implementing safety responsibilities, strengthening safety education and strengthening safety inspection and rectification can we cultivate students' safety quality while cultivating their innovative consciousness and ability.
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