1, Daxue is more like a textbook (actually an ancient textbook), while The Doctrine of the Mean pays more attention to reality;

2. "University" advocates innovation very much, and puts forward: "New is new, and change is new." Update knowledge every day.

3. The Doctrine of the Mean discusses the way of governing the country more concretely.

Contact: it is one of the four books of the Book of Rites.

Four books

Pinyin: sh

Explanation: It refers to the Four Books and Five Classics, the University, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius and Mencius.

Example: Grandmother Jia asked Lin Daiyu what books she read. Daiyu said, "I only read four books." -A Dream of Red Mansions

The Four Books and Five Classics are important Confucian classics. Learn the Five Classics after the Western Han Dynasty and the Four Books after the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty, as a master of Confucianism, Zhu annotated The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and called them the Four Books.

From the Southern Song Dynasty to the end of 8900, Four Books became the official textbooks and required books for the imperial examinations. ? University and the Doctrine of the Mean are two books in The Book of Rites. ? The author of The University is said to be Ceng Zi and his disciples. The author of The Doctrine of the Mean is said to be Zisi. Zisi is the grandson of Confucius and the son of Confucius, Kong Li. The author of The Analects of Confucius is said to be a disciple of Confucius and recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. The author of Mencius is said to be Mencius and his disciples, and recorded the words and deeds of Mencius and his disciples. In the compulsory education stage, there are dozens or even hundreds of excerpts from The Analects of Confucius and Mencius in Chinese textbooks, as well as excerpts often used in senior high school entrance examinations and college entrance examinations. The famous sentences and idioms taken from Four Great Classical Novels are also vast; The ancients even said that "half of the Analects of Confucius ruled the world." Many famous sentences and their thoughts in the Four Books have been integrated into the thinking concept of China people, which has a far-reaching impact on the behavior and habits of China people.

Explain in detail:

1, University Question, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Mencius. Neo-Confucianism in Southern Song Dynasty? Where is Zhu? Annotate The Analects of Confucius, extract The Doctrine of the Mean and The University from The Book of Rites, break sentences in chapters, and annotate them, taking Mencius as the topic, and then use them as introductory books for learning. When the examination subjects were decided in Yuan and Qing Dynasties, the examination questions must be set in the "Four Books", and the meaning of the questions should be based on Zhu's "Collection of Notes". Ming and Qing dynasties will not change. Fiona Fang replied to the ancient preface: "I am convinced that Zhu's' Four Books' are modern." See "Four Books".

2. It refers to four books. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Xiaotong wrote "Preface to Xie Yi's Great Nirvana Sutra": "There are four books in total, and life ends in the domain." Tang Lugui dreamed of visiting the United States twice: "Taste and smell the four books, what is the subset of classics and history?" Dr. Jianbing Chen's "Jing Tang Ming": "Carrying Tao and prospering literature, doing six arts at will; Respect for heaven and music, four books of morality and sports. " See "Four Books".

evaluate

The Four Books is a recognized Confucian classic. Originally, it was not a book, but a general term consisting of two books, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and two articles, The Doctrine of the Mean. Edited and engraved by Zhu, a great scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, it has been widely circulated so far. The four books contain the core content of Confucianism, which is the concentrated embodiment of Confucian epistemology and methodology, records the thoughts and wisdom of Confucian sages, and also reflects the evolution track of early Confucianism. It has a far-reaching influence in the history of China's thought. In 2 1 century, it still has profound educational significance and enlightening value, and it can be called the essence of national culture with a long history. Needless to say, the four books are also mixed with the ideological limitations of some ancestors, which have become the burden of building socialist political civilization and spiritual civilization today and undoubtedly need to be sublated.

condition

The Four Books are important classics of Confucianism and a treasure house of China culture. The Analects of Confucius was a must-read book for women and children in the Han Dynasty, and the Four Books have been a must-read book for China people since the Song Dynasty. As the basic beliefs and beliefs of people at that time, it became the way for them to settle down and learn from their families. Even rural laborers with little or no education have accepted and consciously practiced the principle of being a man through word of mouth and learning books and skills. Among them, the aphorisms such as "benevolence", "loyalty and forgiveness", "treat others as you would like them to treat you", "don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you", "provide a sense of security for the elderly, and be young and young" are not only China's. The core value of Confucianism, the main content of the four books, has flowed to the society through various channels such as private schools, teachers, dramatists and storytellers, affecting the people all over the world.

The four books basically teach people how to be a man. Many contents in the four books tell people the dignity of being a man, the strength of personality, the value and significance of life. In the Song Dynasty, Zhang Zai (Hengqu) said: "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, carry forward the past and create a peaceful future." This is the cultural ideal of China's ancient intellectuals and his summary of the essence of Confucianism. Mr. Liang Qichao believes that The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are the general sources of China Thought for two thousand years, which have dominated the internal and external life of China people. Among them, some useful aphorisms and aphorisms of the sages have formed a sense of identity in the whole society. Yang Guoshu, a famous psychologist in Taiwan Province Province, believes that China culture based on Confucian culture is actually a very important spiritual resource for shaping China people's psychology and behavior.

affect

The four books had a far-reaching influence, and later became textbooks for feudal education, making Confucianism the idea of controlling the feudal society in China in an all-round way. Some of them are similar to the fact that Judaism has a Bible and Iraq has a Koran. It would be embarrassing if students today don't know what the four books are. As long as people talk about China's traditional culture, they will definitely mention it. The Four Books are an important part of China's traditional culture, the core carrier of Confucianism and the treasure of China's historical and cultural ancient books. The Confucian classic "Four Books" contains extremely extensive and profound contents, and occupies a very high position in the history of world cultural thought.

The four books record the political, military, diplomatic, cultural and other historical materials in the most active period in the history of China's ideological and cultural development, as well as the important philosophical thoughts of Confucius and Mencius that have influenced China culture for thousands of years. In the past dynasties, science was advocated and officials were selected. The proposition of the test paper must come from the "Four Books", which shows its importance to the way of being an official. Today, the contents and philosophical thoughts contained in the Four Books still have positive significance and strong reference value for us modern people. The four books have immeasurable influence on social norms, interpersonal communication, social culture and so on. Its influence has spread all over the world, benefiting generations of children and grandchildren. "Four Books" continues the eternal masterpiece of Chinese culture and is the same heritage of human civilization.