Mao University's Graduation Thesis "Social Equity under the Condition of Socialist Market Economy"
Fairness is one of the basic principles of market economy, and social fairness is also the meaning of developing socialist market economy and building a harmonious society. However, due to various reasons, the current social injustice has seriously hindered the harmonious development of society, so it is urgent to pay attention to social equity.
Keywords: socialist market economy; Social equity
First, fairness is the inherent requirement of market economy.
The basic law of market economy is the law of value and the law of value multiplication derived from it (the law of producing surplus value and accumulating surplus value). The law of value is the law that unit commodity value is inversely proportional to labor productivity, and the law of value appreciation is the law that productivity is a means to realize proportional value proliferation. As long as commodity producers improve their productivity, they can preserve and increase the value of the invested funds or capital in direct proportion; At the same time, in the competition of survival of the fittest, it also forces other producers to improve productivity, and the bourgeoisie relies on these two laws &; In its less than one hundred years of class rule, ldquo has created more and greater total productivity than all previous generations. & amprdquo Socialism should use these two laws to promote the development of productive forces, which has fully reflected the essential requirements of socialism, and the improvement of social production efficiency can only be done in accordance with the law of value.
One of the basic principles of market economy is the principle of fairness. With the continuous development of market economy, the requirements for the market are getting higher and higher. As a moral countermeasure to ensure the real implementation of the principle of socialist material interests, the principle of fairness is mainly reflected in its ability to provide fair conditions and fair opportunities for workers to the maximum extent, and the market is a natural egalitarian. The market operation itself must be a combination of self-interest and altruism, which is the objective law of market operation. It requires that there is no discrimination and privilege in the market economy environment, the opportunity and starting point of competition are fair, and the principles followed by market participants in exchange and competition are consistent. Under fair rules, everyone can enjoy equal opportunities and rights, so as to finally realize the fairness of resource allocation.
The basic feature of socialist society is fairness. While actively developing socialist market economy and improving efficiency, we should also pay attention to fairness.
Second, the analysis of unfair reasons
At & ldquo development is the last word &; Under the command of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the per capita GDP of rdquo has exceeded 3000 dollars, and the people live in a well-off society. More than 20 years of economic achievements have made many people proud, but at the same time, the unfairness in our society has become more and more prominent. In 2005, the per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents in China was 3.22: 1, and the Gini coefficient of the income gap between urban residents in China exceeded the international warning line of 0.4. In addition, the gap between the rich and the poor between regions is also very large. The per capita GDP gap between the richest provinces in the east and the poorest provinces in the west of China is more than 10 times. At present, there are about 40 million laid-off workers and unemployed college graduates in cities and towns all over the country who can't find jobs, and only a few of them can get the & ldquo minimum living guarantee &; Rdquo expenses or unemployment benefits; About 200 million people have flowed from rural areas into cities and mines &; Ldquo migrant workers &; Rdquo Most of them are engaged in the most tiring, dirtiest, bitter, dangerous and unstable jobs in the city, and their income is only about 500- 1500 yuan/month, so they generally don't enjoy &; Ldquo two guarantees. Treatment, many of them are in the marginalized state of society, that is, they can't go back to their hometown to make a living, because the identity problem can't really be accepted by the city. The income gap between senior officials and ordinary employees is amazing. There are three main reasons for this:
1, the existence of urban-rural dual structure determines that people are in an unequal position from the beginning.
China citizens are artificially divided into &; Ldquo city residents. And & ldquo rural residents. The hukou migration is too dead to meet the needs of citizens' normal migration. At present, more than 200 million farmers are treated as undocumented migrant workers, their legitimate rights and interests are not guaranteed, and even discrimination against migrant workers is widespread. Household registration is linked to political, economic and cultural rights, which is artificially given too much &; Ldquo added value &; rdquo。 An important premise of a market economy society is the equality of personality and the free circulation of all resources (including rights and talents). The dual household registration management system completely violates the principle of fairness in the market economy.
2. The social legal system is not perfect. The fairness that market economy emphasizes and mainly embodies is the fairness of participation and process, which needs the protection of rules that everyone must follow, so in a sense, we say that rules are fair. Without rules, there would be no contemporary market economy. If there are rules, people will not pay attention to them. That rule is like waste paper. At present, China's legal departments and regulations have become sound, but the effectiveness of laws is still very weak. We should strengthen the maintenance, implementation and supervision of legal rights.
3. Unfair distribution of resources. & ampldquo They are still poor because they are excluded from the resources, opportunities, information and personal relationships owned by richer people. In addition, poverty itself suffers from social discrimination, which makes it more difficult for the poor to enter the social network necessary for life and obtain the resources needed for survival. This vicious circle is hard to break. & amprdquo In addition, the traditional planned economy in China is essentially a rights economy, which is controlled by the government voluntarily and has the right to decide how to produce, what to produce, how much to produce and how to distribute it. China has a long history. Official standards &; Rdquo is aware that when power and interests are combined and there is no power to restrict or stop them, the carp of power will soon flood and breed corruption.
Third, the measures to promote social equity analysis
With the deepening of the reform of the socialist market economic system, China's urbanization process has been accelerated, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and at the same time, the social structure has been rapidly transformed, and the interest differentiation of all social strata has also shown an expanding trend. Today's society has produced a considerable proportion of vulnerable groups, whose income is relatively low, their social status gap is large, their social identity is not strong, and vicious group incidents occur frequently. Therefore, it is not a slogan to coordinate the fairness and efficiency in China's economic development and make China's economy develop harmoniously, and practical measures are needed to implement it.
In building a harmonious society, the most important point is that all members of society can share the progress of social development.
First, reform the dual household registration management system. Since the reform and opening up, the rural population has been restricted and restrained, and a large number of rural people have gone to cities to do business, but they cannot enjoy the same treatment as urban people in work, life, education, labor security and many other aspects. Reform the household registration system, education, medical care, insurance and social security system structure to provide and create fair opportunities for everyone in society as much as possible.
Secondly, we should adhere to the principle of fair competition and rational distribution. Market economy advocates and encourages competition, promotes the development of productive forces and creates social value in competition, so that everyone has the right to participate in fair competition. Competition will inevitably lead to differences in the distribution of social resources and social wealth, which is consistent with the differences in intelligence, physical strength and labor. It embodies people's different roles in social production activities, can inspire people to make more contributions to society, and at the same time can realize their own maximum value. At present, China adheres to the personal income distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, which is conducive to maintaining fair competition order, improving production efficiency and promoting productivity development.
Third, prevent polarization. Appropriate interest differentiation and differences can arouse people's enthusiasm for work, but excessive disparity and polarization of interests are likely to dampen people's enthusiasm and bring social unrest. The government should pay attention to fairness in the process of redistribution, strengthen the adjustment function of income distribution, and adopt various tax policies and social security. Ldquo nourishes, promotes and protects the low&; Rdquo bans illegal income, rectifies unreasonable income, regulates the income of monopoly industries, eliminates the influence of non-labor factors, and makes the development achievements benefit everyone as equally as possible.
Finally, improve the social security system that is compatible with the socialist market economy. Due to various reasons, some people in society can't maintain their normal livelihood because they get little benefit, and their basic rights to subsistence and development can't be guaranteed as they should. The government should formulate certain policies to properly resettle them. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee's "Decision of the Central Committee on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society" pointed out: gradually establish a rural minimum living security system, explore the establishment of various forms of rural old-age insurance systems where conditions permit, and accelerate the establishment of a social security system that adapts to the characteristics of migrant workers. We will strengthen assistance to people in need, and improve the systems of urban subsistence allowances, rural five guarantees, assistance to poor households, assistance to victims, and assistance to vagrants and beggars who have no urban life. Improve the policy of special care and resettlement. Develop social welfare undertakings focusing on helping the elderly, the disabled and the poor.
How to understand Deng Xiaoping's view of socialism &: Ldquo didn't fully understand &; Rdquo paper "
The view of socialism is a meta-theory of socialism, which determines and restricts the nature and direction of answering and solving a series of other socialist problems. What kind of socialist concept there is, there will be what kind of ways and means to build socialism, and accordingly there will be what kind of socialist development path and historical destiny. In the past long historical period, it is precisely because of our understanding of what socialism is&; Ldquo didn't fully understand &; Rdquo results in a series of big mistakes and setbacks. To sum up, in the past we mainly had eight aspects of socialism &; Ldquo didn't fully understand &; rdquo。 It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand these problems and summarize their experiences and lessons for the healthy development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause and even the socialist movement in the world.
Keywords: Deng Xiaoping; Socialist viewpoint; The essence of socialism; Socialism with Chinese characteristics
First, the origin of the problem
What is socialism? How to draw a clear line between socialism and non-socialism? This is an important issue that believers of scientific socialism and their political parties have been thinking hard for a long time since Marxism came into being. The answer to this question forms a socialist point of view. The so-called socialist view is what people say about &; Ldquo socialism. Views and opinions mainly include &; Ldquo What is socialism and how to build it&; Two basic problems of rdquo. The concept of socialism is a meta-theory of socialism, which determines and restricts the nature and direction of answering and solving a series of other socialist problems. Therefore, no matter what is the answer to socialism, there will be what kind of socialist concept, what are the ways and methods to build socialism, and what will be the development path and historical destiny of socialism.
After the founding of New China, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the China * * * Production Party once established a correct socialist concept and made great achievements in history, but it was later in & ldquo; What is socialism and how to build it&; The basic problem of rdquo deviated from the track of science, which led to a series of big mistakes and even led to the tragedy of & ldquo "& rdquo for ten years. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, although the work center gradually shifted to socialist modernization, what is socialism in China as the ruling party? How to build socialism? How does & amprdquo& ampldquo develop? What kind of development should there be? & amprdquo not only has many puzzles in understanding, but also many important historical issues related to socialism have not been satisfactorily solved in theory and thought, so it has encountered many puzzles in the concrete practice of socialism.
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