It refers to a management platform based on information technology and providing decision-making operation means for enterprise decision makers and employees with systematic management ideas. ERP system integrates information technology and advanced management ideas, and becomes the operation mode of modern enterprises, which embodies the requirements of the times for enterprises to rationally allocate resources and create social wealth to the maximum, and becomes the cornerstone for enterprises to survive and develop in the information age.
Gartner Group proposed that the functional standards of ERP should include four aspects:
1. Integrated functions beyond MRP scope
Including quality management; Laboratory management; Process operation management; Formula management; Product data management; Maintenance management; Control reporting and warehouse management.
2. Support mixed manufacturing environment
Including a manufacturing environment capable of supporting discreteness and process; The ability to combine business processes with international applications according to an object-oriented business model.
3. Support dynamic monitoring capability and improve business performance.
Including the adoption of control and engineering methods throughout the enterprise; Analog function; Decision support and graphic ability for production and analysis.
4. Support an open client/server computing environment.
Comprise a client/server architecture; Graphical user interface (GUI); Computer aided design engineering (CASE), object-oriented technology; Query relational database with SQL; Internal integration
Engineering system, business system, data acquisition and external integration (EDI) are based on.
ERP is beyond MRP II. ERP is essentially based on MRP II, but it has surpassed the traditional MRP II in function and technology. It is customer-driven and time-based.
Inter-enterprise resource planning for the whole supply chain management.
Further, we can define it from three aspects: management thought, software products and management system:
1. is a set of enterprise management system standards put forward by Garter Group Inc, a famous American computer technology consulting and evaluation group. Its essence is a supply chain-oriented management idea that is further developed on the basis of MRP II ("Manufacturing Resource Planning").
2. It is a software product that comprehensively applies the achievements of information industry such as client/server system, relational database structure, object-oriented technology, graphical user interface, the fourth generation language (4GL), network communication and so on. And take ERP management thought as the soul;
3. It is an enterprise resource management system integrating enterprise management concepts, business processes, basic data, manpower and material resources, computer software and hardware.
It is a new generation integrated management information system developed from MRP (Material Resource Planning). It expands the function of MRP, and its core idea is supply chain management. It jumps out of the traditional enterprise boundary and optimizes the enterprise resources from the scope of supply chain. It is a new generation information system based on the era of network economy. It plays an obvious role in improving business processes and enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises. ERP began to appear in the early 1980s. Since 1990s, internationally renowned ERP products such as SAP and Oracle have entered China and expanded rapidly. Then, some early ERP products appeared in China, such as Case ERP, Lima ERP, Hejia ERP and Boko ERP.
The features and core contents of ERP system include:
The business application system required by enterprise internal management mainly refers to the core modules such as finance, logistics and human resources.
The logistics management system adopts the MRP management idea of manufacturing industry; FMIS has effectively realized modern basic financial management methods such as budget management, business evaluation, management accounting and ABC cost collection method. The human resource management system also integrates advanced concepts in organizational structure design, post management, salary system and human resource development.
ERP system is a highly integrated system applied to the whole company. Data is highly shared among business systems, and all source data only need to be input once in a certain system, thus ensuring data consistency. ?
The company's internal business processes and management processes have been optimized and the main business processes have been automated.
Adopt the latest mainstream computer technology and architecture: B/S, Internet architecture and WINDOWS interface. As long as you can communicate, you can easily access the system. ?
Integration, progress, unity, honesty and openness.
Specifically, the relationship between ERP and enterprise resources, the role of ERP and the development of information technology can be expressed as follows:
1. Enterprise resources and ERP
Factory buildings, production lines, processing equipment, testing equipment, transportation tools, etc. They are all hardware resources of enterprises, while manpower, management, reputation, financing ability, organizational structure and employees' labor enthusiasm are all software resources of enterprises. In the business development of enterprises, these resources interact with each other to form the basis for enterprises to carry out production activities, complete customer orders, create social wealth and realize enterprise value, which reflects the position of enterprises in competitive development.
The management object of ERP system is the above resources and production factors. Through the use of ERP, the production process of enterprises can complete customers' orders in time and with high quality, give full play to the role of these resources, and make decisions to adjust resources according to customers' orders and production conditions.
2. Adjust the use of enterprise resources
An important sign of enterprise development is the reasonable adjustment and utilization of the above resources. Without modern management tools such as ERP, the enterprise resource situation and adjustment direction are not clear, and it is quite difficult to make adjustment arrangements, and the adjustment process will be quite long. The organizational structure of enterprises can only be pyramid-shaped, and the cooperation and communication between departments are weak, so it is difficult to grasp the operation of resources and make adjustments. The development of information technology, especially the ERP system designed for enterprise resource management, is designed to solve these problems. Successful implementation will make enterprises make better use of resources.
3. The stage development process of the role of information technology in resource management
The development of computer technology, especially the development of database technology, plays an inestimable role in establishing management information systems and even changing management ideas. The development of management thought and information technology is a mutually causal cycle. Practice has proved that information technology plays an increasingly important role in enterprise management.
The initial application of information technology in management is also very simple, mainly to record some data for easy query and summary, but now it has developed into a transnational and cross-enterprise operating system based on the global Internet, which can be divided into the following stages:
A.MIS system stage (management information system)
Enterprise information management system mainly records a large number of original data, and supports query and summary.
B.MRP stage (material requirements planning)
The information management system of an enterprise manages the product composition, and with the help of the computing power of the computer and the management ability of the system to customer orders, inventory materials and product composition, the material demand plan is formulated and calculated according to the customer orders and product structure list. Achieve the management objectives of reducing inventory and optimizing inventory.
C.MRP stage (manufacturing resource planning)
On the basis of MRP management system, the system adds the management of enterprise production center, processing hours and production capacity, thus realizing the function of computer production scheduling, including financial function, forming a closed-loop management system with computer as the core in the enterprise, which has been able to dynamically monitor the whole production process of production, supply and sales.
D.ERP phase (enterprise resource planning)
After entering the ERP stage, the enterprise-level management system with computer as the core is more mature, and the system has added functions including financial forecasting, production capacity, resource scheduling adjustment and so on. Cooperate with enterprises to realize JIT management comprehensive, quality management, production resource scheduling management and decision-making assistance. Become a platform tool for enterprises to carry out production management and decision-making.
E. ERP in the era of e-commerce
The maturity of internet technology has increased the ability of information sharing and direct data exchange with customers or suppliers for enterprise information management systems, thus strengthening the connection between enterprises, forming a survival chain of * * * development, and embodying the supply chain management idea of enterprises competing for survival. ERP system realizes this function accordingly, which enables decision-makers and business departments to realize joint operations across enterprises.
It can be seen that the application of ERP can effectively promote the modernization and scientificity of existing enterprise management and adapt to the increasingly competitive market requirements, and its introduction has become the general trend.