Overview:

This major trains students to master the basic theory and technology of material science systematically, and have the basic knowledge and skills related to material physics. It can be engaged in the research, design, development and manufacturing, performance testing and production management of new materials and functional materials in materials science and engineering, machinery, electronic metallurgy, energy, electric power, communication, petrochemical and other industries, and can also be engaged in teaching and scientific research in universities and research institutes.

First, the professional basic situation

1, culture target

This major trains senior professionals in materials physics who have mastered the basic theory and technology of materials science, have the basic knowledge and skills related to materials physics, and can engage in the research, teaching, scientific and technological development and related management of materials science and engineering and related fields.

2. Training requirements

Students in this major mainly study the basic theories, knowledge and skills of materials science, and train in scientific thinking and scientific experiments. They have the basic ability to use physics and materials physics's basic theories, knowledge and experimental skills for material research and technology development. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

Master the basic theories and knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry;

Master the basic knowledge, principles and experimental skills of material preparation (or synthesis), material processing, material structure and performance measurement and material application;

◆ Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors;

Familiar with national policies on materials science and engineering research, scientific and technological development and related industries, as well as domestic and foreign intellectual property laws and regulations;

◆ Understand the theoretical frontier, application prospect and latest development trends of materials physics, as well as the development of materials science and engineering industry;

Master the basic methods of using modern information technology to query Chinese and foreign information, retrieve documents and obtain relevant information; Have the ability to design experiments, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges.

3. Main disciplines

Materials science, physics.

Step 4: Main course

Basic physics, modern physics, solid physics, material physics, etc.

Step 5 try teaching

Including production practice and graduation thesis, the overall arrangement is 10-20 weeks.

6. Study time

Four years.

7. Degree situation

Bachelor of science or engineering.

8. Related majors

Materials chemistry and physics.

9, the original professional name

Material physics, mineral and rock materials.

Second, the professional comprehensive introduction

Material physics major is generally one of the majors under the jurisdiction of the College of Materials Science and Engineering. The aspects involved are mainly the macroscopic and microscopic structure of materials, especially the microstructure, the basic parameters of physical properties of materials and the physical essence of these parameters.

The major of material physics is an indispensable part of the major of material science and engineering. Like the cornerstone of towering buildings, materials support human civilization. Many people think that the new century is a world of "information technology", but the material basis on which any technology depends is materials. This important position cannot be changed at any stage of the development of human society, and it will become more and more important. With the development of science and technology, materials are developing in the direction of miniaturization, functionalization and intelligence. At present, nano-materials, environmental materials, electronic materials and information materials, which are quite popular, are mostly the applications of physical properties of materials in various special fields. For example, nano-materials can be said to be nano-scale materials physics. The magnetic and optical properties of materials physics have great application space in the field of information materials, and are the theoretical and applied basis for the development of modern semiconductor, microelectronics and optoelectronics industries. Therefore, with the rapid development of material industry and information industry in the new century, the specialty of material physics will surely usher in its own glory. It is obvious from the name of this major that the content focuses on material science and physics. Force, heat, light and sound in physics are widely used in this major, and of course the emphasis is also related to my future research direction. For example, ferromagnetism is the central course to study the magnetic storage technology of information materials, but mechanics, electricity and heat should also be involved. Atomic physics, solid state physics, crystallography, X-ray technology, electron microscope and other courses are also important courses. Therefore, this major mainly focuses on physics corresponding to high school courses, which is more suitable for those students who are interested in microstructure and theoretical physics. When measuring microstructure, X-ray technology and electron microscope (high power electron microscope) may involve some radiation problems. Of course, it is not very common, and the dose is very low. With the development of technology, the radiation problem should be reduced until it is completely eliminated.

Generally speaking, material physics is not a very popular major, but some of its directions, such as nano-materials, high-power electron microscopes and electronic materials, are still quite hot. Among domestic universities, Tsinghua University, Shandong University and Harbin Institute of Technology stand out in these aspects.

For graduates majoring in materials physics, among several options, going abroad is relatively easy and much less difficult than those popular majors. In addition to the above-mentioned better schools, there are some related research institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences that can consider postgraduate entrance examination. In terms of employment, several hot directions are still relatively good, but most of them are research work. As the foundation of other industries, this major is indispensable, but it is probably impossible to make a lot of money at once and become Bill Gates. With the maturity and industrialization of technology, the employment situation of this major will be greatly improved. Therefore, choosing this major is actually choosing your own future.

Material physical code: 07 130 1.

Third, develop vocational education.

Material physics is a national key discipline and a combination of science and engineering. Cultivate research-oriented talents who master the basic theory and modern research methods of materials science, master the basic laws of the relationship between material properties and microstructure at all levels, and can engage in the design, research, production and use of various materials, improve material properties, and develop new materials and technologies.

The predecessor of material physics is metal physics, and the country attaches great importance to the subject of materials. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the specialty of material physics was established. During the period of vigorous industrial development in 1950s, many colleges and universities set up materials disciplines, and some areas also set up metallurgical colleges and mechanical engineering colleges.

At present, materials physics has related departments in various science and engineering colleges. These famous schools include Tsinghua University, Beihang University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xi Jiaotong University and Beijing Institute of Technology. Materials cover a wide range of fields, with various types and shapes. According to the characteristics of material composition and structure, it can be divided into metal materials, inorganic nonmetal materials, organic polymer materials and composite materials. Materials are the product of the integration of basic science and engineering science. With the development of science and technology, various relatively independent materials penetrate and combine with each other, and interdisciplinary is an important feature of materials science and technology. For example, the application of concrete admixture in building materials, the application of polymer concrete and film materials in glass deep processing, the modification of cement mortar by organic polymer materials and the improvement of ceramic technology.

The Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University was founded in 1978, which is one of the earliest materials departments in China universities with the most complete disciplines and training levels. At present, there are four undergraduate majors: metal materials and heat treatment, inorganic nonmetallic materials, material engineering and automation, and material science; There are 3 doctoral programs in metal materials and heat treatment, inorganic nonmetallic materials and semiconductor materials, among which semiconductor materials are national key disciplines, 5 master programs and post-doctoral mobile stations in materials science and engineering. The major of material physics in many schools has undergone a series of changes. The Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University was founded in 1988, which was formed by department of engineering physics Material Science Department, department of mechanical engineering Metal Material Department and Chemical Engineering Department. The undergraduate major is materials science and engineering, including five disciplines: material physics, metal physics, inorganic nonmetallic materials, composite materials and electronic materials.

However, due to the different foundations of each school, the established majors of material physics or material science and engineering are also different. For example, Tianjin Urban Construction College, for a long time, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering has set up two majors: inorganic nonmetallic materials and polymer materials and engineering. According to the characteristics of the college and the catalogue of guiding majors of the State Education Commission, it has been renamed as Material Science and Engineering since 1997. Because this college belongs to the Construction Committee system, it mainly trains talents who serve urban and rural construction, and the education of materials specialty focuses on building materials, instead of simply copying the practices of Tsinghua, Tianjin University, Wuhan University of Technology (merged into Wuhan University of Technology in 2000), or chemical and metallurgical colleges, and running their own characteristic materials specialty.

This shows that both of them are major in material physics, and the research direction and emphasis are different due to the differences in foundation and background between schools, which should be noted.

199 1 year, the State Education Commission approved the construction of an "open laboratory for advanced materials research" in Tsinghua University as an investment to promote the research of materials physics. At present, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering has been included in the "2 1 1 engineering" key discipline group planning by many universities. In order to cultivate compound talents with comprehensive ability of materials science and engineering.

In recent years, the research scope of materials physics has been further broadened, and advanced materials with excellent physical properties have been continuously developed, among which composite materials are a main direction. All these reflect that training talents with only a single material and narrow professional caliber can no longer meet the current situation, especially the future requirements. Therefore, the cultivation of material talents is an inevitable trend.

Fourth, professional employment data analysis

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Professional Employment Situation and Trend

Graduates majoring in material physics generally have a strong theoretical level of physics, chemistry and mathematics, as well as a high ability of independent experiments and the operation of complex instruments and equipment, and their quality is relatively comprehensive. Therefore, they can engage in the production, research and development of materials in machinery, metallurgy, electronics, chemical industry, aerospace, instrumentation and other departments. , or engaged in scientific research and teaching in scientific research units and colleges and universities, and further trained to become senior materials science research talents.

According to the nature of work, engineers and technicians engaged in materials specialty can be divided into research, development, production and application of materials. This is different from the development of material industry. In the 1970s and 1980s, some schools, such as Tianjin Urban Construction College, mainly trained engineers and technicians engaged in silicate material production and enriched them to relevant factories, which played a certain role in strengthening the technical force of production units and improving the quality of technicians. However, with the technical strength of Tianjin and the saturation of material production plants that exchange students with other provinces and cities, the demand for talents in this field has changed. Now only about half of them are engaged in material application, testing and material management in the construction industry.

Modern industry has higher and higher requirements for materials, resulting in more demands, such as large iron and steel enterprises, aircraft manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, etc., all of which need sophisticated material technology. Graduates of this major can generally have a ratio of 1: 1.2 or more, depending on the specific situation of each institution. The specialty of material physics involves a wide range of contents, has strong adaptability and has the reputation of "all-purpose oil" for employment.

The problem that graduates majoring in materials physics and even the whole material science may face is that many employment units don't know what the talents of this major do because of the different backgrounds of setting up materials majors in many colleges and universities and the fact that materials science has been put forward as a professional name for a long time. Therefore, graduates should first make clear their more detailed research direction in the application process. For example, students majoring in material physics of electronic materials can consider related electronic component industries, and students majoring in polymer materials can consider fields related to organic molecular chemical engineering to apply for jobs.

At present, with the increasing investment of foreign-funded enterprises in China, the demand of foreign-funded enterprises for materials physics specialty is also increasing. For example, DuPont, Motorola, Procter & Gamble and other companies need talents in related fields of materials physics every year to develop new products and processes in their R&D centers.

With the gradual application of research results in the field of materials physics and the gradual formation of materials industry, the employment scope of graduates majoring in materials physics is gradually expanding. 2 1 century, with the aggravation of environmental pollution and the exhaustion of energy, all countries in the world are committed to the development and utilization of new materials and energy. Various alternative materials for environmental protection are being developed. With its low cost and good performance, new alternative materials have been gradually applied to various industries and achieved very objective benefits.

Although the material industry is still at a low point under the current situation, combined with the previous employment trend, the employment prospect of this major is still very bright and the development potential is great. Students majoring in material physics must not be frightened by the temporary situation. As predicted by many experts, the material industry will become one of the pillar industries in China in this century. This industry has a bright future.

Distribution of intransitive verbs colleges (part)

Southwest University of Science and Technology Northwest University Shanxi University Shanghai University Qingdao University of Science and Technology xiangtan University China University of Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Northeastern University Jilin University Fudan University Nanjing University Wuhan University Central South University Sun Yat-sen University Sichuan University Lanzhou University harbin university of science and technology Yunnan University East China University of Technology Hefei University of Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Yanshan University Inner Mongolia University of Technology Dalian University of Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Chongqing University Xi University of Architecture and Technology.