Universities (colleges) are a kind of schools that implement higher education, including comprehensive universities, specialized universities and colleges. It is an organization with unique functions, an institution of higher learning that inherits, studies, integrates and innovates advanced academic knowledge, and is interrelated with social, economic and political institutions.
It is not only the product of the development of human culture to a certain stage, but also a unique culture gradually formed on the basis of long-term school-running practice through historical accumulation, self-efforts and external environmental influence.
How are universities divided?
1, according to the division of competent departments
Most "double-class" universities are directly under the Ministry of Education; Other central ministries and commissions also have their own directly affiliated universities, such as Harbin Institute of Technology under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. There are also some provincial universities and independent colleges, and the universities directly under the central ministries and commissions have advantages over these provincial universities, such as funds and teaching resources.
At present, universities directly under the central ministries and commissions118; There are 2838 colleges and universities under local management.
2, according to the type of school.
China University can be roughly divided into research universities, applied universities and technical universities according to the types of running schools.
Research University: A university that provides more undergraduate majors and bachelor's degrees, focuses on research and is committed to high-level personnel training and scientific research and development. That is, the number of graduate students in universities is equivalent to the number of undergraduates, or the number of graduate students accounts for a large proportion. Application-oriented university: an undergraduate college that is application-oriented rather than scientific research-oriented. Focusing on undergraduate education, we will provide talent support and intellectual services around the needs of industries and local pillar industries, the development of strategic emerging industries and social development. Universities of Applied Sciences University of Technology is a local undergraduate and junior college aiming at cultivating applied technical talents.
3. According to the characteristics of running a school
Characteristic types: including science and engineering, normal university, agriculture and forestry, language, sports, medicine, finance and economics, politics and law, art and nationality. Such universities can generally be seen from their names, such as Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Normal University and Central University of Finance and Economics. It is best for characteristic universities to apply for their characteristic majors, because these characteristic majors are supported by the school, and the school will give more help in terms of teachers and education funds. Comprehensive: Generally speaking, there must be at least ten disciplines to become a comprehensive university, such as Peking University Tsinghua.
4. According to the level of running a school
There used to be "985 Project" and "2 1 1 Project" universities, but now they have become "double-class". There are 140 "double-class" colleges and universities, among which112 "211"can be basically divided into provincial key undergraduate colleges, ordinary colleges, independent colleges, private colleges and so on.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-University.