One of the pioneers and founders of atomic energy in China. In 1950s, he led the construction of the first heavy water atomic reactor, the first cyclotron and a number of important instruments and equipment in China. China's research work on reactor physics, reactor engineering technology, brazing chemistry radiobiology, radioisotope preparation, high-energy accelerator technology and controlled thermonuclear fusion has been carried out one after another. After the Soviet government stopped its technical assistance to China, on the one hand, it quickly transferred a group of outstanding nuclear science and technology experts to the Second Engine Department to be directly responsible for tackling key problems in all aspects of atomic bomb development; On the other hand, joint research with relevant leading organizations of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Many key technologies were solved in time, which made important contributions to the successful development of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb. As early as 1960, two research groups of neutron physics theory and experiment organized by the Atomic Energy Institute carried out the pre-research work of hydrogen bombs, made theoretical preparations for the development of hydrogen bombs, and made contributions to the development of hydrogen bombs in China only two years and eight months after the first atomic bomb exploded.
4. Edison (1847 ~ 193 1)
Thomas Alva Edison
American inventor. In history, it is famous for establishing factory laboratories and opening up ways to closely combine technology development with scientific research. 1847 February 1 1 Born in Mylan, Ohio, a Dutch immigrant family. 193 1 year1October 18 died in west orange, new jersey. I had only three months of formal education when I was young. From the age of 12, he worked as a newsboy, vendor and telegraph operator to make a living. Influenced by M Faraday, he engaged in electrical experimental research and invention all his life. 1868, he invented a ballot recorder and tried to sell it to congress, but it was not adopted. Edison's first invention did not find a market, which made him pay more attention to the practicality of the invention. 1869, Edison moved from Boston to new york. He improved the telegraph of Gold Index Telegraph Company, which was appreciated by the company manager and was hired with a monthly salary of 300 dollars (which was a very high monthly salary at that time). 1870, he moved to New Jersey and began his period of efficient invention. 1874 improved the typewriter. 1876, a carbon microphone was added to the telephone invented by a g bell, which improved the reception of sound.
5. Newton's first law
Newton's First law of Motion
One of Newton's laws of motion. The content is: an object that is not affected by external force will keep moving in a straight line at a uniform speed or be at rest until an external force forces it to change this state. This law was summed up by Newton according to the research results of Galileo and Descartes, and it is the starting point of Newtonian mechanics, so it is also called the first law of motion. In the dialogue between two new sciences, Galileo said: "There is an acceleration factor downward and a deceleration factor upward along the inclined plane, which shows that the movement on the horizontal plane is permanent, will not slow down or stop, so it is uniform." A new viewpoint is put forward for the first time, that is, objects move at a uniform speed without external force. Before Galileo, people linked force with speed and thought that force was the factor to keep an object moving at a constant speed. Once the force disappears, the object will stop moving, and Galileo believes that the object will move forever after the force disappears, so the force is not a factor to maintain the state of motion, but a factor to change the state of motion of the object, that is, acceleration or deceleration. Because all objects have the property of maintaining uniform motion or static state, this property is called the inertia of objects, and Newton's first law is also called the law of inertia, which is the basis of Galileo's relativity principle and inertial reference system. When there is no external force, the object remains in motion, that is, the motion is immortal; Keeping the static state unchanged means that the movement cannot be spontaneous; Newton's first law embodies that motion cannot die out by itself, and it is a special case of conservation of motion (including conservation of momentum and conservation of kinetic energy).
Add a few hopes to be useful to the landlord.
Marie Curie (1867- 1934), a French and Polish scientist, studied radioactive phenomena and found two radioactive elements, radium and polonium, and won the Nobel Prize twice in her life. Marie Curie (1867- 1934), a French and Polish scientist, studied radioactive phenomena and found two radioactive elements, radium and polonium, and won the Nobel Prize twice in her life. As an outstanding scientist, Madame Curie has social influence that ordinary scientists do not have. Especially because she is a pioneer of successful women, her model has inspired many people. Many people heard her story when they were young, but they got a simplified and incomplete impression. The world's understanding of Madame Curie. It was greatly influenced by the biography Madame Curie published by her second daughter 1937. This book beautifies Madame Curie's life and deals with all the twists and turns she encountered in her life. American biographer susan quinn spent seven years collecting unpublished diaries and biographical materials, including Madame Curie's family members and friends. Last year, a new book, Maria Curie: A Life, was published, which described her hard, bitter and struggling life in more detail.
The following are the best.
Newton, a British scientist, is the founder of modern physics. His discoveries such as Newton's three laws and the law of universal gravitation have far-reaching influence.
Siemens generator
Ben Ci-Automobile (internal combustion engine running)
Bell telephone
Marconi wireless telegraph company
Nobel-explosives
Edison electric lamp
Thomson (1856— 1940) is a British physicist. 1897 discovered the first basic particle of matter structure-electron.
Fulton (1765— 18 15) was an American inventor. 1807, fulton made a steamboat.
Ben Ci (1844- 1929) is a German engineer. 1868, the world's first three-wheeled internal combustion engine car was built.
Volta (1745- 1829) is an Italian physicist. 1800, he made a voltaic pile, and soon invented a voltaic cell, which made people get a stable and continuous current for the first time.
Otto (1832- 189 1) is a German engineer. 1876, the first four-stroke cycle gas internal combustion engine was built. This made it possible for cars and subsequent planes to appear.
Daimler (1834- 1900) is a German mechanical engineer. 1883 made the first gasoline engine, and 1886 made the world's first four-wheel internal combustion engine car.
Parsons (1854— 193 1) is a British inventor. 1884, the first multi-stage reactive steam turbine was manufactured.
Dissel (1858- 19 13) is a German engineer. The first diesel engine was manufactured in 1897.
Bessemer (1813-1898) is a British engineer. Converter steelmaking was invented in 1856.
Edison was an American inventor. He completed more than 1300 inventions in his life, which had a great influence on mankind. 1897, he successfully developed the incandescent lamp.
Morse (1791-1872) was an American inventor. 1837, the invention of the telegraph, 1844, May 24th, the world's first telegraph was sent.
Bell is an American inventor. The telephone was invented in 1876.
Marconi (1874— 1937) is an Italian engineer. The wireless telegraph was invented in 1895. 1March 28th, 899, radio communication was successfully realized. 1 Qian Xuesen, known as "the father of modern rockets in China", is a famous expert in aerospace engineering and aerodynamics. He studied in America in his early years. Under the guidance of Professor Carmen, he made great progress in rocket research and made great contributions to the victory of anti-fascism. 1947, at the age of 36, Qian Xuesen was hired as a tenured professor by MIT. The good news of the founding of New China reached Qian Xuesen, who thought to himself, "I am from China. I can give up everything here, but I can't give up my motherland I should return to the motherland as soon as possible and contribute all my strength to building a new China. " In order to serve the new backward motherland, Qian Xuesen formally applied to his authorities for returning to China from 1950 in the United States. However, the American authorities tried every means to obstruct and persecute Qian Xuesen, confiscated all kinds of materials and books, slandered and framed him as a "spy", tried and imprisoned him, and detained him on an isolated island. After only half a month, he lost weight 14 kg. At that time, the American authorities claimed that Qian Xuesen would be provided with laboratories and equipment as usual as long as he gave up the idea of returning to China. However, Qian Xuesen would rather die than return to China and never gave in. After five years of hard work, under the cordial care of Premier Zhou Enlai, Qian Xuesen embarked on the journey of returning to China on September 6, 2007. After returning to China, Qian Xuesen made immortal contributions to the space industry in New China.
Qian Sanqiang, the founder of atomic energy science in China, went to France to study atomic theory in 1937, and was regarded as the best scientific researcher by the young Curie couple. 1948, Qian Sanqiang and his wife He proposed to return to China, but their tutors and colleagues repeatedly persuaded them to stay. The ambassador of the Kuomintang government to France viciously threatened: "It is strange to see him on the mainland!" The meaning is clear. If Qian Sanqiang insists on going back to the motherland, the Kuomintang secret service will kill him halfway. Regardless of personal safety, regardless of his wife's life and death, Qian Sanqiang returned to the embrace of the motherland decisively and tactfully, and made great contributions to the development of atomic energy in China, and was known as the "father of atomic bombs" in China.
In order to support War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and drive the Japanese invaders out at an early date, Wang, a nuclear physicist in China, donated all the gold, silver and jewels in his family to the motherland. 196 1 year, when there was a serious natural disaster in China and money was in short supply, Wang, who was in the Soviet Union, gave his thrifty savings of140,000 rubles (about RMB 20,000 to RMB 30,000) to the Embassy of China in the Soviet Union for donation to the motherland and people. In 1982, Wang donated all the 3,000 yuan he won the first prize of National Natural Science to the primary school.
Li Siguang, a famous geologist, studied hard at Birmingham University in England for six years in his early years and obtained a master's degree in geology. His teacher, Professor Baldwin, advised him to continue his studies and return to China after obtaining his doctorate. Li Siguang declined the teacher's kindness. He replied, "No, I want to contribute what I have learned to my motherland as soon as possible." 1920 resumed work until 1937 when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. Later, when he went abroad, he insisted on going abroad for geological research. By 1950, he gave up the favorable conditions abroad and made a detour from England to return home when everything was in ruins in New China. As the geological minister of New China, he has made outstanding contributions to the petroleum industry in China.
Deng Jiaxian, the "father of China's two bombs", will be given good conditions and generous treatment by the United States after receiving his doctorate, hoping that he can work in the United States for a long time. However, Deng Jiaxian did not waver in his determination to return to work because of his high official position and generous salary. 1950, he returned to the motherland with the ambition of serving the country and made outstanding contributions to the successful development of the "two bombs".
1. Newton-discovered the law of universal gravitation;
2. Einstein put forward the theory of relativity;
3. Faraday-the discoverer of the law of electromagnetic induction;
4. Edison-invented the electric light;
5. Deng Jiaxian-the founder of "Two Bombs".