Datura or Datura, Datura, Mansa, Datura, Sanskrit: Datura. Literally translated as altar, it means "gathering" or "gathering", which refers to the gathering place of all sages and virtues. Supporting Manza is the most complete and ingenious way to accumulate wealth and wisdom. Supporting the whole universe in the form of manda is the fastest, simplest and most complete of many ways. Datura is a "picture of the universe in the mind" when monks and Tibetans practice the secret method every day. There are four kinds of * * *, that is, the so-called "four-person phase", which is generally round or square, quite symmetrical and has a central point.

The first is Datura flower.

Huayu: Dear.

Like this flower, you are naturally good-natured and amiable, and always leave a deep and beautiful impression on people. You are not sociable, and sometimes you have a lisp, but others just appreciate your innocent feeling. You should try to maintain it, not destroy it. Your love and marriage are as beautiful as fairy tales.

Flower proverb: born lucky, with endless happiness.

2. Datura, which is called Sanskrit transliteration, means "a flower on the moon", also known as eggplant, Datura, wild hemp seed, drunken flower and so on. Solanaceae, panicum miliaceum. The stems are stout and erect, and Datura stramonium is highly toxic. Its leaves, flowers and seeds can be used as medicine, and it tastes pungent and warm. Mainly used for cough, asthma, facial sores, rectocele, cold-damp beriberi, and can also be used as an anesthetic. ...

Identification characteristics: the stem is upright, with a height of 1~2m. Leaves broadly ovate, apex acuminate, base asymmetrically cuneate, margin irregularly undulate, lobes triangular, veins sparsely pubescent. Calyx tubular, pentagonal, 4 ~ 5 cm long; Corolla funnel-shaped, 6 ~10 cm long, with white or purple upper part; Anthers are 3 ~ 4 mm long. The capsule is erect, ovoid, 3~4cm long, with hard needles on the surface, and 4 petals when it matures. The seeds are black.

Biological characteristics: panicum miliaceum, which can grow into subshrubs in low latitudes. Born in wasteland, dry land, beside houses, sunny slopes, forest margins and grasslands. The flowering period is from June to 65438+10, and the fruiting period is from July to165438+10. Seed propagation.

Origin: Mexico; It is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate to tropical regions of the world.

Distribution status of China: cultivation and naturalization in various regions of China.

Introduction, diffusion and problems: According to Compendium of Materia Medica (1593), it was introduced into China as a medicinal plant in the late Ming Dynasty. Weeds in dry land, orchards and nurseries, or invade forest margins, roadsides and grasslands. The whole grass contains alkaloids, which are highly toxic to human beings, livestock, fish and birds, among which fruits and seeds are more toxic.

Uses: Leaves, flowers and seeds have spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic and anesthetic effects when used as medicine; Seed oil can be used to make soap and paint.

datura

Other names:

Drunk flowers, dog walnuts, drunk peaches, crazy eggplant, Nanyang golden flower, mountain eggplant, phoenix eggplant flower. Jimson; Downy thorn apple; The horn of abundance.

Form:

Annual erect herb, 0.5~ 1.5m high. The leaves are ovate in width and 8 ~ 12 cm long; The width is 4~ 12cm, and the edge has irregular wavy shallow cracks and triangular lobes. Flowers usually solitary in branches or axils, erect; Calyx tubular, corolla funnel-shaped, 6 ~10 cm long. Capsule erect, oval, with hard needles on the surface. The flowering and fruiting period is from June to 65438+ 10.

Distribution and habitat:

Widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world; It is produced in all provinces and regions of China. Often born in villages, roadsides and grasslands.

Toxic parts:

The whole plant is poisonous, especially the fruit, especially the seed, which is the most poisonous, followed by the tender leaves. Dry leaves are less toxic than fresh leaves.

Toxic ingredients:

It mainly contains scopolamine and scopolamine, followed by atropine, atropine, noratropine, datuning, tigluoding, mandolin, artemisinin, 2,6-dihydroxyxanthine and Honggu. The content of total alkaloids was the highest at the end of flowering, and decreased rapidly after seed maturity. Hemagglutinin is also isolated from seeds.

Toxicity:

Toxic.

There are many reports of Datura stramonium poisoning. Generally, symptoms appear half an hour after eating, 20 minutes at the earliest and no more than 3 hours at the latest. The dose of poisoning varies with the route of poison entry, age and health status. Adults can be poisoned by eating three kinds of fruits; Children are more sensitive, as long as it is one tenth of that of adults and does not exceed 1 pill, 3~4 pills can be poisoned, and most of them are acute. Poisoned children are still sleepy. Topical Datura stramonium leaves can also cause acute systemic poisoning, with the same symptoms as oral administration, and the symptoms appear faster than oral administration.

All kinds of domestic animals can be poisoned, cats are the most sensitive, followed by cattle and horses, and sheep and rabbits are the most tolerant. The lethal dose of aboveground parts of plants is150 ~ 300g for cattle,150 ~ 200g for horses and 75 ~ 200g for sheep. Seeds are especially poisonous to ostriches and fish. Recently, it has been reported that the symptoms of sheep poisoning include dyskinesia, spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers, allergies, shortness of breath and less drinking water.

Clinical manifestations:

Incubation period:

Symptoms often appear from half an hour to 1 hour after meals, which are the inhibition of parasympathetic nervous system and the excitement of central nervous system respectively. Similar to atropine poisoning symptoms, there are dry mouth, dysphagia, hoarseness, dry skin, flushing, fever, rapid heartbeat, deepening breathing, elevated blood pressure, headache, dizziness, restlessness, delirium, auditory hallucinations and hallucinations. In addition, there are elevated body temperature, constipation, mydriasis and knee hyperreflexia. Most of the above symptoms disappeared or basically disappeared within 24 hours. In severe cases, drowsiness, spasm and cyanosis occurred after 12~24 hours, and finally they died in a coma.

Emergency treatment:

1, gastric lavage with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate or 1% tannic acid, and then catharsis or enema with magnesium sulfate.

2. Subcutaneous injection of 3% pilocarpine nitrate solution of 2~4ml each time, once every 65438 0.5 minutes, antagonized the action of scopolamine until the pupil narrowed, light reflex appeared and the oral mucosa was moist. You can also inject physostigmine salicylate 1mg subcutaneously once every 15 minutes, which can be used multiple times.

3, fidgety or twitching or taking sedatives, such as tribromide tablets, chlorpromazine, chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, diazepam, etc.

4. Symptomatic support treatment: when respiratory depression occurs, oxygen should be inhaled and artificial respiration should be carried out; If you have a high fever, use an ice pack to cool down, take a bath with alcohol, and use antipyretics. When mydriasis, you can use 0. 1~ 1% physostigmine salicylate eye drops; In severe cases, hydrocortisone can be injected intravenously.

5, Chinese medicine mung bean coat 120g, honeysuckle 60g, licorice 150g, decocted in water for many times.

Open classification:

Buddhism, religion, Tibet, Tibetan Buddhism

References:

1. By Li Zhenyu. See: Li Zhenyu, Xie Yan (ed. ) .2002. Alien invasive species in China. Beijing: Forestry Press.

2. Flora of Beijing