On the one hand, naturalism rejects the romantic imagination, exaggeration, lyricism and other subjective factors, on the other hand, it despises the typical generalization of realistic life, pursues absolute objectivity, advocates a simple description of nature, pays attention to recording the superficial phenomena of real life, and tries to explain people and human society with natural laws, especially biological laws.

Dialectics of psychology:

By describing the process of psychological change, it shows the evolution of characters' ideological character; It can describe how some feelings and psychology are transformed into others, and show the diversity and internal relations of psychological flow patterns.

Absurd drama:

One of the most influential schools of western drama after World War II rose in France. In 1950s, plays by playwrights such as Eunescu, Beckett, adamov and Genette were staged on the Paris stage. Under the influence of the popular surrealist literature in the 1920s, especially under the influence of Aalto's drama theory, these playwrights broke the traditional drama writing skills and created a number of dramas with unique contents and forms. These works have been put on the stage.

Extra people:

It is a typical example of aristocratic intellectuals depicted in Russian literature in the19th century. Their characteristics are noble birth, living in a rich environment and receiving a good education. Although they have lofty ideals, they are far from the people. Although they are dissatisfied with reality, they lack action. They are "giants in thought and dwarfs in action" and can only waste their talents in cynicism. They don't want to stand on the side of * * *, echo the upper class, and can't stand with the people against the autocratic system and serfdom. They like western liberal ideas very much, and they are also very dissatisfied with the present situation in Russia, and there is nothing they can do to change it.

Naturalism:

A school of critical realism, which was formed in Russia from 65438 to the early 1940s and guided by belinsky's aesthetic thought and Nikolai Nikolai Gogol's creation.

Stream of consciousness novels:

It is characterized by breaking the single, linear development structure formed by traditional novels basically according to the sequence of story plots or the logical connection between plots. The narrative of the story does not advance in a straight line in chronological order, but organizes the story through free association with people's conscious activities. The arrangement of the story and the cohesion of the plot are generally not limited by time, space or logic, causality, and often show the jump and change of time and space. The two scenes lack close logical connection in time and place. Time often crosses or overlaps in the past, present and future. This novel usually centers on what is happening at that time. Through the trigger, people's conscious activities are constantly pushed out and retracted in all directions, and after repeated cycles, a three-dimensional structure is formed.

Grass leaf:

/kloc-Whitman, an American writer in the 20th century, collected more than 300 poems, named after the poem "Where there is soil, there is water and grass". The blade of grass is the most common and vital thing, symbolizing the vigorous development of America at that time. Poetry enthusiastically eulogizes the United States in the rising period of capitalism through "self" feeling and "self" image.

Byronic hero:

In Byron's oriental narrative poems, there are a group of tough guys who are chivalrous and soft-hearted. They are pirates, pagans and exiles. Most of them are arrogant, lonely and stubborn rebels. They are incompatible with the evil society, fighting against fate alone and pursuing freedom always end in failure. Byron showed his uncompromising resistance to society through their struggle, and also reflected his own melancholy, loneliness and hesitation.

Character representation method:

Let a character not only appear in one work, but also continue to appear in later works. It not only makes us see the different stages of character formation, but also makes a series of works form a whole.