Huangzheng Banner Xianghuang Banner

A red flag inlaid with red flags.

Zhenglan Banner Xianglan Banner

At the beginning of the establishment of the Eight Banners system, it was essentially a social organization form of military and political integration, with both military affairs and military affairs! The administrative and productive functions, that is, "going out as a soldier and entering for the people", have never been ignored, which has played a positive role in promoting the social and economic development of Manchu and strengthening the rule of people of all ethnic groups. Nurhachi unified the people captured from the war and stipulated that every 300 people should make up a Lu Niu, each of which

Lu Niu Tao Lu (assistant collar); One out of every five cows is real (participating); An isolated mountain (flag) is formed every five years, which is the largest unit of Manchu household registration. Every lonely mountain has a special color as a flag. The household registration of the Eight Banners shall be investigated once every three years, and the personnel outside the Banner shall not impersonate the household registration, and their subordinates shall not live far away from their Lu Niu. With the gradual expansion of annexation and reconciliation, a large number of Han Chinese, Mongols and other ethnic minorities surrendered in succession, except for the unification of various ministries of Jurchen. From 16 15, the Eight Banners system was established in Nuerhachi, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, to 1635, the Eight Banners Mongolia was established by Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, and the Eight Banners Han Army was established in 1642.

The Eight Banners are mainly divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners. The Eight Banners of Manchu was written by Nurhachi, and it was also the political system, cultural system and social foundation of Manchu before entering the customs. The Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of Han Army were written by Huang Taiji after he acceded to the throne, but the system of the Eight Banners of Mongolia was loose, and because Mongolians in Monan and Mobei contained each other, they did not pay so much attention to Manchuria's entry into the customs.

In the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Nurhachi established the Eight Banners (Bagushan) system, with 300 ding as Niulu, five Niulu as Jiala and five Jiala as Gushan, that is, the flag. In fact, the number of the Eight Banners has increased or decreased from time to time. (Manchu, meaning big arrow) was originally named Lumei 10 Ding. The leader called Lu Niu's forehead a real forehead, which is really Manchu, and the Chinese name is Zuo Ling. No matter going out for war or hunting, Lu Niu is the unit, which laid a preliminary foundation for Manchu social and military system. In the 29th year of Wanli (160 1), Nurhachi reorganized the Lu Niu system for the first time in view of the differences in the number and personnel quality of various tribes. He expanded the number of Niulu to 300, so Zuo Ling had two deputies, called Daizi in Manchu. At the same time, each Lu Niu is divided into four big Dan, and each big Dan is managed by a Zhang Jing (Manchu, meaning clerk) and a doctoral library (Manchu, meaning leader). At this time, the establishment of the Manchu army basically took shape. According to their status, Ding Qi can be divided into Aha, Armored Man and Ding Qi. Aha is a slave, mostly Han and Korean; The armored people are descendants, with different nationalities and higher status than Aha. Ding Qi is a jurchen.

There are about 40 Niulu in Nurhachi, that is, an army of 12000 people. At that time, it was a big screen for customs clearance. About 20 Lu Niu are generals of Nurhachi brothers and relatives. Later, after Nurhachi killed his younger brother Shurhachi and his eldest son Chu Ying, the power was more unified. At the same time, Nurhachi also realized that taking Lu Niu as the unit would easily lead to the disadvantages of decentralization. He set out to establish the Eight Banners system. In the 43rd year of Wanli 16 15, Nurhachi established the Bagushan system. I have introduced the staffing of Gushan above. Lu Niu's official establishment will remain unchanged, with one or two Karakorum russians per flag, one Gushan russians per flag and two Mailer russians per flag. There is also a flag owner in the second town of Gushan, also known as Heshuo Baylor and Gushan King. He is the real owner of a flag.

The Eight Banners system can also be said to be founded by Nurhachi for political needs. Later, because of the war, Nurhachi strengthened the imperial system and redistributed the establishment of the Eight Banners for political needs. There is a saying that four baylor, four baylor and four baylor change from time to time because of the constant redistribution of political interests. For example, fate is six years (162 1), and the four little baylers are Degele, Gil Haran, Azig and Yue Tuo. In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven, there were only three people left in the four small Baylor, namely Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo, while the generals under Huang Taiji were Bai Ding and Huang Ding. At the same time, the flag raising and lowering system was also established at this time, but the status of Baylor, the main flag, was not different because of the flag raising and lowering. The person who guards the royal family is called Lang Wei, and it must be the banner of yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag.

The Eight Banners are divided into yellow, white, red and blue according to their colors, and then divided into orthography and mosaic, and the Eight Banners are counted as * * *. Except for the red flag, colored flags are all natural colors with red edges and white edges.

The Eight Banners are divided into three flags and five flags. There are dragons on the Eight Banners, so it is also called Dalong Banner. Later, the national flag of the Qing Dynasty, Huanglong Banner, also came from this.

When Nurhachi established the Bagushan system, Baylor took the flag as follows:

Yellow flag: Nurhachi

Zhengbaiqi: Huang Taiji

White flag: Dudu

Red flag, inlaid with red flag: Daishan

Zhenglan Banner: Manggutai

Blue Flag: One minute.

After entering the customs and building the government, the Eight Banners system was gradually formalized. The reference comparison is as follows:

Lord of Baylor Banner-Yuan Heshuo Baylor (King of Gushan)

Minister in charge-formerly Gushan 'e Town

Assistant Minister-Former Melere Zhen

Du Tong-the original Alaozhen

Deputy Commander-in-Chief-Former Zalan Zhang Jing

Participation-the original cattle record is true.

Zuo Ling —— Former Great Zhang Danjing

Qiding-unchanged

The Han Army and the Mongolian Eight Banners were basically established with reference to the example of the Manchu Eight Banners, but the scale and treatment were almost the same as those of the Manchu Eight Banners. Generally speaking, the Manchu Eight Banners are the most respected, followed by the Mongolian Eight Banners, followed by the Han Army Eight Banners.

The Eight Banners are also graded internally. The so-called upper three flags refer to the yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag, which are the pro-army directly under the emperor, and the rest are the lower five flags. The specific ranking is: yellow-inlaid yellow-red-inlaid red-white-inlaid white-inlaid blue-inlaid blue.

In addition, there are some Eight Banners that do not belong to the Manchu-Mongolian-Han Army or the Ministry of Internal Affairs, such as the Eight Banners of Chahar and Buzha. In addition to the obligation of military service, these Eight Banners generally have special duties. For example, the Eight Banners of Chahar mainly manage pastures and raise horses for hunting and military supplies; Buzha Eight Banners is mainly responsible for killing animals every year and paying tribute to the royal family, such as mink.

What are the surnames of Manchu people?

Manchu surname daquan

A

[Answer] The old surnames of Manchu are Bala, Uzaku, Ahajueluo, Atamu, Ala, Albu, Ala, and Aqigechayier (Oroqen) and Aldan (Daur) who joined Manchu.

[Ai] The old surnames of Manchu are: Ai Xinjue Roche, Ai Yi, Ai Hui, etc.

[An] The earliest surname of China used by Manchu is the surname of Bohai State.

Old Manchu surnames include Anjia, Elk, Nala, Aldan (Daur) and so on.

[Ao] The old surnames of Manchu include: Aojia, Eji, Guarga and Uxile, as well as Aola (Daur), Aoreduo (Daur), Aldan (Daur), Enoch (Daur) and Aolatoxin (Daur) who joined Manchu.

B

[Ba] Old Manchu surnames include Albus, Arribage Qi, Buzzard, Balda and Bayala.

The famous figures of this surname are: the chess saint of the late Qing Dynasty, Baji.

[Bai] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, Nala, Baijia, Bayala, Ira, Besut, Natala, Zara Richter, Nandulu, Sacha, Nata, Bagala, Tarara, Baluth, Sagarra, and Baidu (Mongolian) and Bayotu who joined Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are:

Bai Zhiwen (1903— 1986) was born in Yixian, Hebei. He first joined the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and later served as the deputy commander of the Hebei Military Region. He was awarded the rank of major general in 1955.

Majia: Bai Yongfeng, a native of Xinmin County, Liaoning Province, was the chairman of Liaoning Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

[Worship] Manchu old surnames are: Bayala, Baicha, etc.

[Bao] The old Manchu surnames include: Wu Yashi, Zakuta, Hutu, Ilgen Jueluoshi, Borzigit (Mongolian surname), Borot (Mongolian surname) and Krost (Mongolian surname).

[Bao] The old surname of Manchu is: Ai Xinjue Roche.

[Bao] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, Wu Yashi, and Borzijigit (Mongolian surname) and Borzijigit (Mongolian surname) who joined Manchu.

A celebrity with this surname is Bao Huanan from Fengcheng, Liaoning (1876— 1926). This chivalrous man in the late Qing Dynasty later organized the National Revolutionary Army to engage in revolutionary activities.

[Bi] The old surname of Manchu includes Biladak (Hezhe surname) who joined Manchu.

[Bian] The old surnames of Manchu are Bian Jia, Bolz, Bian, Bian who joined Manchu (Korean, Han) and so on.

[Bian] The old surnames of Manchu are: Bian Jiashi, etc.

[soldier] Manchu's old surname is unclear.

Celebrities with this surname are Bing Zhi (1886— 1965), a world-famous zoologist, and the chairman of the Chinese Zoological Society. His surname is Bing.

[Bo] The old Manchu surnames are Boheli, Bole Zhuo Ke, Boduli, Bali, Li Fuzhu, and Borzijigit (Mongolian surname) who joined Manchu.

[Bai] The old surname of Manchu is Hilary, a white (Korean) who joined Manchu.

[Cloth] The old surnames of Manchu are Buni, Bourny and Bulcha, as well as Buketu (Daur) and bucur (Daur) who joined Manchu.

The old surnames of Manchu are Buni, Bourny, Bulcha, Potala, giving alms, etc.

[Steps] The old surname of Manchu is: giving.

C

[Check] The old surnames are: Check (Han nationality) is full.

[Cai] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, "The Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun", contains: Wu Lin, the surname of Jin people, answers Cai.

The old surnames are Samara, Wulingjia, Cai Jia, Cai Erjia, Mu Yi, and Cai (Han nationality) who joined the Manchu Dynasty.

Celebrities with this surname are: Cai (1878— 1959): Samara, a native of Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang, whose real name is Zipin Mountain. He has served as the minister of economy of hidden and puppet Manchukuo in Binjiang Road. After liberation, he became the librarian of China Literature and History Museum.

[Cang] The old surnames of Manchu are Cang Jiashi and Zhen Zi.

[Cang] The old surnames of Manchu are Saskatchewan and Hassuli.

Celebrities with this surname are: Lin Cheng (1912-1983), whose real name is Cangyulou, a native of Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang. He has served as deputy secretary of Hainan prefectural party Committee, secretary general of Songjiang provincial party Committee and acting manager of Anshan iron and steel company.

[Cao] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, recorded in Nancun, is Aotun, the surname of Jin people.

Old surnames are: Suochuluo, Oto, Moeller Zhele, Suojia, Cao Jia, Cao Erjia, Ilgen Jueluo, Etong, Cao Shi (Han nationality, Korean nationality) who joined Manchu.

Famous figures are:

Cao Xueqin (1724-1764), the greatest writer in China, wrote a literary masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions after 10 years.

Duanmu Hongliang (19 12—2003) was originally named Cao, a native of Changtu, Liaoning. A famous writer, he has served as deputy director of the creative department of Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles and vice chairman of the Municipal Writers Association. The representative figure is Ju Ping "Arhat Money".

[Chai] The old surname of Manchu is: Semiller, who joined the firewood of Manchu (Han nationality).

The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, Changjia, Gurcha and GAI.

Celebrities surnamed Zhang are: Zhangjiakou Renchang (1922— 195 1). The famous crosstalk performer became a "orthodox school", and his masterpiece "Selling Estimated Clothes".

[Car] The old Manchu surname is: Zhang Jiashi, who joined the Manchu car (Korean).

[Chen] The old surnames of Manchu are,, Xilin Gol Branch Roche, Ejina Banner, Nala's, Zhenzi's and Mohs, as well as (Oroqen) and Chen (Han, Korean) who joined Manchu.

This name is very famous:

Chen Hanzhang (19 13— 1940), a native of Dunhua, Jilin. Party member, a former chief of staff, division commander of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, commander of the Third Army of the First Army of China and member of the South Manchu Provincial Party Committee, died heroically when fighting against the enemy.

Chen Lihua: The richest woman in China, the chairman of Hongkong Hua Fu International Group.

Chen Suzhi (193 1-) is from Shenyang. Workers' background, successively served as section chief and director of fifty-three factories, and vice governor of Liaoning Province, Alternate members of the CPC Central Committee.

Chen Delin (1862— 1930) is a Beijinger. The famous Peking Opera actor, the master of Mei Lanfang and others, was named "Old Master Q".

[Cheng] The old Manchu surnames are: et al.

Celebrities with this surname are: Cheng Lianbao (10 18-), a Beijinger and the eldest brother of the famous acrobat "Cheng's five brothers and sisters".

[Cheng] The old surnames of Manchu are: married, married (Han nationality) and full.

Famous people surnamed Cheng are: Cheng from Beijing (1004— 1958). He is a famous contemporary Peking Opera performance artist, who founded the "Cheng School" art, and his masterpiece is Yuan.

[Later period] Old Manchu surnames include Chi Jia and Chi Jia.

[Pool] The old surnames of Manchu are: Chi Jia and others.

[Chong] The old Manchu surnames are: Chongjila and so on.

Old Manchu surnames are: Chu Keqin, etc.

[Chu] The old surnames of Manchu are: Chu Kule, Tai La Chu and Tai Chulu.

[Cui] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, Bohai has this surname. According to the North Korean ancient book A Record of the Li Dynasty, there are thousands of households whose Nuzhen Adu songs were bitten by Cui in the north of Tieling, and those who finished Cui took Cui as their surname.

The old surnames of Manchu are Cui Mulu, Cui Jia, Cui and Cui Shi (Han and Korean).

The celebrity surnamed Cui is from Tangyuan, Heilongjiang (1935-). He has served as deputy director of 85 1 1 Aerospace Research Institute and president of shenyang ligong university.

[Onion] The earliest surname of China used by Manchu, which was owned by Bohai State, is now out of sight.

[Cong] The old surnames of Manchu are: Shu Shu Jue Luo Shi and so on.

Old Manchu surnames are: Chongjila and so on.

D

[Da] The old Manchu surnames are: Wenda, etc.

【 Da 】 The earliest Han surname used by Manchu is wang xing of Bohai State.

Old surnames are: Dai Jiashi (Da Jiashi) and so on.

[Dai] The old surnames of Manchu are: Dai Jia, Jia, Da 'erchong A, Wusu and Dai La, and Dai Qite (Mongolian), Dai Brohi (Mongolian) and Dai (Han) who joined Manchu.

Old Manchu surnames are: Da 'erchong A's, Dai's, etc.

[D] Old Manchu surnames include Shi Ding (Han nationality, Korean nationality) who joined Manchu.

China's surname, which was first used by Manchu, was given in Bohai Sea.

Old surname: Aisingiorro Xi, Dezite (Mongolian) who joined Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are: De Junru from Beijing (1852-1925). Famous Peking Opera actor in Jin Dynasty, his representative works include Yuanmen Chopping Son and Corner Pass of Los Angeles.

[Dou] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, Bohai has this surname.

[Duan] The old surname of Manchu includes Duan (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Deng] The old surnames of Manchu are Dong A's and Dong Jia's, as well as De Dun's (Daur), De Dule's (Daur) and Deng's (Han) who joined Manchu.

Deng Tiemei (1892— 1934), a native of Benxi, Liaoning Province, was an anti-Japanese general and commander-in-chief of the Northeast People's Self-Defense Force.

[Dong] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, "The Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun" contains: the surname of Jin people is Dong. According to North Korea's ancient book A Record of the Li Dynasty, there are thousands of Dong Guidong, a jurchen boy in the north of Tieling, whose surname is Dong. The family of Nuerhachi, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, used to take Tong, Tong and Dong as Han surnames (see the first surname of Manchu: Jueluoshi for details).

The old surnames are Dong Jiashi, Tong Jiashi, Zhu, Dong Jiashi, and Dongkeng (Hezhe) and Dongshi (Han) who joined the Manchu Dynasty.

The old surnames of Manchu are: Tuketan, Dujia, Du Wen, Dulu and Dule.

[Du] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, "The Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun" contains: Jin people only have the surname Du.

The old surnames are: Dule, Dushan, Osuri, Tuketan, Dulu and Dular, as well as Dahuli, Detun (Daur), Dedule (Daur), Dunnengken (Oroqen) and Du (Han) of Daur nationality.

E

[E] Old Manchu surnames are Xilin Gol Luoshi, Dong Eshi, Eji, Emucuo, Emoto, Daijia, Honge, Mongoso, Zhuo Luo, Eyue, Otong, Gezile, etc., as well as Ernie (Mongolian), Aru (Soren) and enoch (into Manchu.

F

[Fan] The old Manchu surnames are: Hillary, etc.

[Fan] The old Manchu surnames are: Boheli,,, Boduli, and Fan (Han nationality) who entered Manchu.

[Fang] The old surnames of Manchu are Shu Mulu and Fang (Korean) who joined Manchu.

[Fang] The old surname of Manchu includes: Fang (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Fei] The old Manchu surnames are:, Fei Jia, Fei (Han nationality) is full.

[Feng] The old Manchu surnames are: Feng Jiashi, etc.

[Feng] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, this surname is in Bohai State.

The old surnames of Manchu include Fu Siku and Feng (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

Old Manchu surnames include Erdun (Mongolian) who joined Manchu.

Old Manchu surnames are: Khootori, Feng Tai, etc.

[Fu] The old surnames of Manchu are: Fucha, Fujia, Nandulu, Fuxili, and Erkete (Mongolian) and Fu (Han, Korean) who joined Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are:

Fu Gengchen (1935—) was born in Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang. Contemporary famous composer, president and lieutenant general of China People's Liberation Army Art College. His representative works include Tunnel Warfare and Red Star Follow Me.

Fu Xihua (1907— 1970) is from Beijing. China opera, Quyi theorist, collector, researcher and librarian of China Opera Research Institute.

(1928-) was originally named Fu, a native of Xiuyan, Liaoning. Editor-in-chief of Manchu literature

[Fu] The old surnames of Manchu include: Fucha, Bayan, Jin Duo, Bayala, Mukdeli, Fuyi, Fusuhu, Fukuru and Fuhart (Hezhe) who joined Manchu.

[Fu] The old surnames of Manchu are: Fuerkulu, and Futeha (Hezhe) who joined Manchu.

G

[Gang] The old surname of Manchu includes: Gang (Korean) who joined Manchu.

The old Manchu surnames include: Fang Gang (Han nationality) entered Manchu.

[Change] The old surnames of Manchu are: Taichu Lu, etc.

[Gan] The old Manchu surnames are: Gan Nu, Gan Jia, etc.

[Gao] The earliest surname of China used by Manchu in Bohai. The Song Dynasty's "Three Dynasties and North Alliance Collection" contains: Nuzhen's surname is "Nalazi" and she is called "Gao". Tao, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, recorded in the Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun that the surname of Jin people was Qiu Shilie. According to North Korea's ancient book A Record of the Li Dynasty, Nuzhen Ada, north of Tieling, reached a height of thousands of households and took Gao as her surname.

Old surnames are: Guarga, Goga, Tong Jiashi, Saskatchewan, Hershey, Golgi, Shumuli, Bayutu, Golog, Nala, and Golga (Xibe) and Gaoshi (Han) who joined Manchu.

[Ge] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu people was Hadang 'a, the leader of Udiha Jurchen in Ming Dynasty. He took Ge as his surname.

The old surnames are: Gezile, Murzhele, Gorky and Gegara, as well as Gewayir (Oroqen), Geyikele (Oroqen) and Keyikele (Hezhe).

[G] The old surnames of Manchu are Shu Mulu, Geng Yin, etc., as well as the Geng family (Han nationality, Korean nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Gong] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu was given by Bohai State.

Old surnames are: Ai Xinjue Roche, Gong Aili, Ilgenjue Roche, etc.

According to Old News of Longcheng, (local) Ilgen Juerosh is the Minister of the Interior, the second-class public-funded Yanggu, and his surname is Gong.

[Palace] The old surnames of Manchu are Gong Jiashi, etc.

[Gong] The old surname of Manchu includes Gong (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Gong] The old surname of Manchu includes Gong Jiashi and Gong Shi (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Gong] The old surnames of Manchu are: Shu Shu Jue Luo Shi and so on.

[Ancient] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, Ilgen Jueluoshi and Golga, and Kulga (Xibe) and Gu (Han) who joined Manchu.

[Guan] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, Guanjia, Guaercha, Shumulu, Wusu, JJ Hpmg, Honge, Hongechun and Solz, and HuSihariddh (Hezhe) and Goral (Oroqen) who joined Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are:

Guan Xiangying (1904— 1946) was born in Jinzhou, Liaoning. Secretary of the Secretariat of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Political Commissar of the Red Second Army during the Long March, Political Commissar of the Eighth Route Army 120 Division, and Member of the Sixth and Seventh Central Committees.

Guan (19 15-) is from Yitong, Jilin. 1936 joined the party, and served as a member of the Military and Political Committee of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Column of Taihang Mountain, deputy secretary of Jilin Provincial Party Committee, propaganda minister of Dongbeiju Bureau, and deputy attorney general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

Guan (1922-) from Beijing. A famous performing artist of Quyi started a new school of "Qin Shu of Beijing School", and his representative works include Eight Sisters Yang Youchun, Heirloom and so on.

Guan (1928—) is a native of Jingzhou, Hubei. Famous Peking Opera performer, vice chairman of Chinese Dramatists Association.

Guan Monan (19 19 ——) is a native of Yongji, Jilin Province. A modern writer, he has served as the editorial board of Songhuajiang Daily, the editor-in-chief of Northern Literature and the editorial board of Ethnic Literature. His masterpiece is Gundui Street.

Guan Muchun (1953 ——) is a famous contemporary singer in Xinxiang, Hebei Province. Representative works include "Tusi Song" and "Grapes in Turpan are ripe".

Guan (19 12-) is from Huaide, Jilin. Economist, vice president of Jilin Academy of Social Sciences, vice chairman of Jilin CPPCC.

Guan Ping (1966 ——) was born in Pingdu, Shandong. The race walkers broke the world record twice.

[Official] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guan Jiashi and so on.

[Guang] The old surnames of Manchu are: et al.

[Gui] The old Manchu surnames are: Guiche Teshi, etc.

[Expensive] Old Manchu surnames are: Li Guiyue, Guichete, etc.

[Guo] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, Tolega, Guoerga, Guoluo Roche, Guoerji, Guojia, Guoerben, Sahalian, etc. And Guo Erluo (Mongolian), Guo Beier (Daur), Aru (Ewenki) and Guo (Han, Sahelian) who joined the Qing Dynasty.

Celebrities with this surname are: Guo Weicheng (19 12-), Major General of Yixian County, Liaoning Province. In his early years, he joined the League of Left-wing Writers. During the Anti-Japanese War, he presided over Liberation Daily and participated in the Battle of Taierzhuang. He has served as commander of railway transportation of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and minister of the Ministry of Railways.

[China] The old surnames of Manchu include Guoluoshi and Guoluoshi (Xibe nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Result] The old surnames of Manchu are: Guarga, etc.

H

[Kazakhstan] The old surnames of Manchu are: Sakhar Cha, Hala, Haltara, Halcha, Hashuri, etc.

[Sea] The old surnames of Manchu are: Aisingiorro Xi, Hailasu, Saskatchewan, Haijia, and Carnot (Mongolian) who joined Manchu.

[Han nationality] The old surnames of Manchu include: Hashuli, Hanzha, Han Jia, Hanjilajin and kimmitt, as well as Gillard (Mongolian), Kageyr (Oroqen) and Han (Han nationality and Korean nationality) who joined Manchu.

The famous figures of this surname are: Han Guangdi (? -1929) The word Dou Zhan, a native of Shuangcheng, Heilongjiang, was born and raised in Huangqi, Manzhouli, and his father was British, and he was an official assistant. This young man has an unusual understanding. He is a famous figure who yearns for the ancient times. Later, he became a lieutenant general of the 17th Brigade in Wei Jun, dongbei town, and inspired his soldiers with patriotism and justice. 1929, he led his troops to resist the Soviet invasion and died heroically in Zarano.

[Han] The old Manchu surnames are: Han, who entered Manchuria, and Wei Shuo, a Yun Qi from Huangzhengqi, Manchuria, whose surname is Han, who lives in Yizhou, North Korea.

[Hang] The old surnames of Manchu are: Hang Jiashi, etc.

[Hao] The old surnames of Manchu are: Hillary, Hesse Rihara, and Hao (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[and] Manchu old surnames are: Niu Zhilu and so on.

[He] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, Zong Yi's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun, contains: What did the Jin surname Arikan say?

Old surnames are: Hershey, Hershey, Hong Ke Roche, Uighur, Bilu, Bilule, Dong Eshi, Aliha, Heyele, Hunhe Nala, Luo Hui, Hilary, He Yi, Tuoguo, Horajue, Bila, Yin Ke (Daur) who joined Manchu.

[He] The old surnames of Manchu include: Hejia, Heyele, Hershey, Hezhe, Hershu, Hershey, Henchle, and Heyel (Xibe) who joined Manchu.

The celebrity with this surname is He Chongben from Fengcheng, Liaoning (1908— 1985). A marine biologist, he has been the head of the oceanographic group of the State Science and Technology Commission and the vice chairman of the China Society of Oceanology and Lakes.

【 He 】 The earliest surname of China used by Manchu was given by Bohai State.

The old surnames are: Hirsch and Heyele, and Heyeer (Xibe) and Hezaier (Xibe) who joined the Qing Dynasty.

[Black] Old Manchu surnames are Hershey, etc.

[Heng] The old surname of Manchu includes Shu Mulu and Heng (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Hong] The old surnames of Manchu are: Ai Xinjue Roche, Shi, Hong, Hong, Hong Echun, Hong, and those who joined Manchu (Korean, Han).

[Macro] Old Manchu surnames include: JJ Hpmg, etc.

[Hong] The old surnames of Manchu are: Shi et al.

[Hou] The old Manchu surnames are: Guarga, Hou Jia (Mongolian) and Hou Shi (Han) joined the Manchu.

Celebrities surnamed Hou are: Hou (1917-2003), from Beijing. Master of cross talk, his representative works include Night Tour and Guan Gong vs Qin Qiong.

[Hu] The old surnames of Manchu are: Hulunjue Roche, etc.

[Hu] The old Manchu surnames are: Guarga, Hu Jia, Kujala, Huerjia, Huxun, Siktley, Hujala, Hu Jia, Huszka, Hudler, Huerhara, and Huxihari (Xibe) who joined the Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are:

Hu Jieqing (1905—2003) is a China painter and Mrs. Lao She.

Hook (192 1-) is a native of Yidu, Shandong. Contemporary dramatist, vice chairman of Chinese Dramatists Association, president of China People's Liberation Army Art College. His representative works are Huaishuzhuang and Growing Up in the Battle.

Hu Songhua: A famous contemporary singer. Representative song "From Grassland to Tiananmen Square".

[Hu] The old surname of Manchu is Hari (Xibo) who joined Manchu.

[Flower] The old surnames of Manchu are: Boheli, Li Fuzhu, Mushu and Boduli.

[China] The old Manchu surname is unclear, and Dalian has this Manchu surname, which needs to be verified.

[China] The old surnames of Manchu include Ai Xinjue Roche and Alai, as well as Hu Xihari (Hezhe) and Hua Xihari (Xibo) who joined Manchu.

The celebrity with this surname is Hua Cuishen (1909— 198 1), a drama writer, Ai Xinjue Roche. He has served as the director of the classical drama novel research office of Nankai University, the vice president of Tianjin Opera School and the vice president of Tianjin Branch of Chinese Dramatists Association. Representative works include Peking Opera "Hurting Jiangnan" and Hebei Bangzi "Playing Golden Branches".

[Kui] The old surnames of Manchu are: Sacha, etc.

[Huang] The old surnames of Manchu are: Huang Jia, Ira, Wu Yashi, Ai Xinjue Roche, Xilin Gol, Nala, Ejina Banner, and Hong Eruote (Mongolian) and Huang (Han, Korean) who joined Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are:

Huang Xiansheng (1896— 1949) was born in Xiuyan, Liaoning. He has served as the brigade commander of the Northeast Army, the police chief of Liaoning Province, the police chief of Shenyang City, and the deputy commander of the Northeast Army cavalry. He supported the * * * production party and was arrested when he was going to Yanan. He died in 1949.

Huang Runfu (? -1916) Beijingers. A well-known actor with a painted face in modern Peking Opera became a "Yellow School" alone, representing the play xiaoyaojin.

[Hui] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu, the Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun, contains: the surname of Jin people is Yue Hui.

Old surnames are: Uighur, Zhu Lu, etc.

[Hui] The old Manchu surnames are: back to Roche, etc.

[Huo] The old surnames of Manchu are: Shu Mulu and others.

J

[Jiao] The old surnames of Manchu are: Ai Xinjue Roche (non-imperial clan), Jue Jia, Jiao (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Solution] The earliest surname of China used by Manchu is the surname of Bohai State. Old surnames include: Ulla, etc.

[Beijing] The old surnames of Manchu include Jing Geli, Jing Jia and Hu.

[Beijing] The old surname of Manchu includes Jing (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Jing nationality] The old surnames of Manchu are: Jing nationality, Jing nationality, etc.

[Jin] The old Manchu surnames are: Hillary, etc.

[Ji] The old surname of Manchu includes: Ji (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Ji] The old surnames of Manchu are: Ji, Ji 'er Ji 'er Valkar, Ji 'lu and so on.

Old Manchu surnames are: Ji Bu Chu Shi, Sima La, Jijia, etc.

[Ji] The old surnames of Manchu are Sima La, Ji Jia and Ji (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

[Jue] The old Manchu surnames are: Jue Chan and so on.

[Good] Old Manchu surnames are: Nimacha, etc.

[False] Old Manchu surnames include: the false surnames (Han nationality) added to Manchu.

[Jia] The old surnames of Manchu are: Zhaxi Huli, Jia Muhu, Jia Butala, Jia (Han nationality) who joined Manchu.

Celebrities with this surname are: Jia Zuoguang from Shenyang (1923-). Dance artist, vice chairman of China Dance Association, chairman of Beijing Branch, honorary chairman of Inner Mongolia Branch, founder of Mongolian dance.

[Jin] The earliest Han surname used by Manchu people was Awahu Aha, a fiery son in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. His real name was Gulun, and the Han surname was Jin. According to the North Korean ancient book "A Record of the Li Dynasty", the Nuzhen governor in the north of Tieling lost thousands of houses and posts, and took Jin as his surname.

The old surnames are: Ai Xinjue Roche, Jin Jia's, Jingji, Jinggeli, Solz, Niu Zhilu, and Jin (Korean, Han).

Celebrities with this surname are:

Zai Tao