Introduction to stereotyped writing:
Eight-part essay is a style of imperial examination in Ming and Qing dynasties, also known as creating intention, creating art, writing in modern times and writing in eight styles. The eight-part essay on the Four Books and Five Classics must be written in the tone of the ancients, and it is absolutely not allowed to play freely, as well as the length of the sentence, the complexity of the words used, the level of the tone and so on. It should be written relatively, and the number of words is limited.
Eight-part essay refers to the eight parts of the article, and its style has a fixed format: it consists of eight parts: breaking the topic, receiving the topic, opening the lecture, beginning, starting shares, middle shares, back shares and binding shares. The topics are all from the original texts in the Four Books and Five Classics.
The last four parts each have two parallel dual words, which add up to * * * stereotyped writing. In the old imperial examination, the eight-part essay should be spoken in the tone of Confucius and Mencius, and four pairs should be plain, and the allusion to love affairs should not be used to blaspheme the saint. Each article includes four parts: from stock to stock.
Extended data
Introduction to four books:
First, "university"
Da Xue was originally an article in the Book of Rites, which had never been published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. It is said that it was written by Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius (505-434 BC). From the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and Li Ao praised The Great Learning (and The Doctrine of the Mean) to maintain orthodoxy, to the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Er praised and publicized it in various ways, and even called it "the University, Confucius' suicide note, the door to learning morality".
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu inherited Cheng Zhu's thoughts, and also took Daxue out of The Book of Rites, which became one of Zhu's four books when he wrote The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and The Doctrine of the Mean. According to Zhu and Cheng Yi, another famous scholar in Song Dynasty, Daxue is a suicide note left by Confucius and his disciples, and an introductory reading of Confucianism. Therefore, Zhu listed it as the first of the "four books".
Second, the doctrine of the mean
It was never published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. It is generally believed that it was written by Confucius' grandson Zi Si (483-402 BC). In Historical Records, Confucius called Zisi the golden mean. From the Tang Dynasty when Han Yu and Li Ao advocated the doctrine of the mean (and universities) to maintain orthodoxy, to the Northern Song Dynasty when Cheng Er advocated and publicized the doctrine of the mean in various ways, he even thought that the doctrine of the mean was "the method of Confucius teaching the heart".
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu inherited Cheng Zhu's thoughts, and also extracted The Doctrine of the Mean from The Book of Rites, which became one of Zhu's four books when he wrote The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Daxue.
Three. The Analects of Confucius
The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. Confucius (55 BC1-479), named Zhong Ni, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province in the Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of Confucianism, the most famous thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, had a far-reaching influence on the development of China's ideology and culture.
Fourth, Mencius
Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students. Mencius (about 372- 289 BC), a famous jade son, was born in Zouguo (now southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong Province) in the middle of the Warring States Period, not far from Confucius' hometown Qufu. He is a famous thinker, politician, educator and the successor of Confucius' theory. Like Confucius, Mencius once led students to travel to Wei, Qi, Song, Lu, Teng, Xue and other countries, and once served as a guest minister.
Introduction to Five Classics:
First, "Shangshu"
Shangshu, which means "The Book of Ancient Times", is a compilation of China's ancient historical documents and some works describing ancient deeds. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was called Shu, and in the Han Dynasty it was renamed Shangshu. Confucianism respects it as a classic, so it is also called a classic book.
Second, Zhou Li.
Zhou Li, also known as Zhou Guan or Zhou Guan Jing, is one of the Confucian classics. Confucianism regards poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, Yi, Yue and Spring and Autumn as six classics. Confucius chose these classics as teaching materials when he was given lectures by his disciples. However, the rites and music taught by Confucius are quite different from the old rituals full of superstition.
Third, Spring and Autumn Annals
Spring and Autumn Annals is a chronicle of Lu, which was revised by Confucius. Because the text is too simple to be understood by later generations, exegetical works have appeared one after another, explaining and explaining the records in the book, which is called "biography". Among them, Zuo Qiuming's Chunqiu Zuozhuan, Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan, Chunqiu Gu Liangxi Zhuan and Chunqiu Gu Liangxi Zhuan are collectively called the three biographies of Chunqiu as Confucian classics.
Fourth, The Book of Rites.
The Book of Rites is an anthology of Confucian scholars' articles from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties. The Book of Rites only explains the Book of Rites (Zhu Zi Yu Volume 87), which is a compilation of Confucianism. Although the Book of Rites is only a book to explain the Book of Rites, its influence is beyond the Book of Rites and the Book of Rites because of its wide coverage.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Book of Songs
The Book of Songs was called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300" in the pre-Qin period, and it was China's first poetry collection. Collected 305 poems (original poems 3 1 1) from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is a collection of poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. "There are more than 3,000 poems written by the ancients, which are related to Confucius, but none of them are important ..." (Historical Records Confucius Family) is said to be compiled by Confucius.
References:
Eight-part essay-Baidu encyclopedia
Four Books and Five Classics-Baidu Encyclopedia