Edinburgh is located at the mouth of the east coast of Scotland, standing on volcanic ash and rocky cliffs. Compared with most European cities, Edinburgh has a superior geographical position, which is the center of the southern lowlands and the capital of Scotland. It is full of the unique charm of Scotland and is now the seventh largest city in Britain.
geography
Edinburgh is located on the south bank of Firth of Forth, in the central transport belt of Scotland. Located at 2 1 southwest of Lisi coastline? 2 miles (4.0 kilometers) and 26 miles (42 kilometers) east of Dunbar.
Early Edinburgh was located near the Castle Stone, but modern Edinburgh is often considered to be built on seven mountains like the seven mountains in Rome, namely Carlton Mountain, Cole Stauffen Mountain, Clelockhart Mountain, Brad Mountain, Blackford Mountain, Arthur's Throne and Castle Stone.
Geographically, Edinburgh is located in a narrow gap between the Firth of Forth in the north and the Puntland Mountains in the south. The terrain here was formed by the early volcanic movement and the late glacial movement. ?
Igneous activity occurred 400-350 million years ago, and under the influence of faults, a hard basalt volcanic neck was formed. These basalts form the fore and aft mounds where Castle Rock is located. The northern part of this hill has formed a deep valley due to glacier erosion, which is the location of the now-dried lake Nor Loch, and the southern part of Castle Rock has ravines, thus forming a natural fortress. Later, people built Edinburgh Castle on this basis.
The history of Salisbury Cliff and the nose-tail mound where Arthur's throne is located can also be traced back to the glaciation from west to east in Carboniferous. Marchmont and Bruntsfield in the south of the city center are built on the drums formed by glacier accumulation.
The Reese River irrigates the land of Edinburgh. The river runs through the west and south of Edinburgh and finally flows into Firth of Forth. The nearest place to the city center of this river is Dean Village in the northwest of the new city, where there is Dean Bridge 1832 designed by Thomas Defu. There is a Lisi River Trail along Lisi River, with a total length of 19.6 km (12.2 miles).
In addition to the coastline of Firth of Forth, Edinburgh is surrounded by a green belt designed by 1957, which extends from Darmeni in the west to Preston Lanci in the east.
This green belt is 3.2 kilometers (2.0 miles) wide, and its main purpose is to limit urban expansion. All urban expansion plans related to the green belt are strictly restricted, and only Edinburgh Airport, Royal Highland Exhibition Hall and some suburban villages are included in the green belt.
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Edinburgh has been regarded as the capital of Scotland since15th century. However, in 1603 and 1707, political forces moved southward to London many times, and the autonomy of the Scottish Parliament was not established until 1999. Important cultural institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the National Gallery of Scotland are also located in Edinburgh. Economically, Edinburgh now relies mainly on the financial industry and is the largest financial center in Britain outside London.
Edinburgh has a long history and many historical buildings are well preserved. Edinburgh Castle, Holiday Palace, St Giles Cathedral and other places of interest are all located here. Together with the new city, the old city of Edinburgh is listed as a world heritage by UNESCO. Edinburgh became the first literary city in the world in 2004.
Education in Edinburgh is also very developed, and the University of Edinburgh, one of the oldest universities in Britain, is located here. It is a world-class prestigious school with a history of more than 400 years. Together with cultural activities such as Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Edinburgh has become the second largest tourist city in Britain after London.