In fact, there are very few college students with mental disorders or mental diseases, and most students encounter general psychological troubles. However, even general psychological troubles will greatly affect students' development.

The common psychological problems of college students can be divided into general troubles, emotional and behavioral disorders and mental disorders according to their severity.

(A) common psychological distress of college students

1, life adaptation problem.

This problem is common among freshmen who have just entered the university. When freshmen come to university, they are faced with comprehensive adjustment and adaptation in self-cognition, classmates' communication and natural environment. At present, college students' self-care, adaptability and adjustment ability are generally weak, so the problem of life adaptation is widespread among college students.

2. Learning problems

The main task of college students is to study, and the difficulties and setbacks in learning have the most significant impact on college students. Learning problems, including learning methods, learning attitudes, learning interests, test anxiety, etc.

3, interpersonal problems

After entering the university, because everyone's attitude and personality characteristics are different, and the adolescent psychology is inherently locked, shy, sensitive and impulsive, college students will inevitably encounter various difficulties in interpersonal communication, resulting in psychological problems such as confusion and anxiety, which will even seriously affect their healthy growth.

4. Love and sexual psychological problems

College students are in the middle and late adolescence, and sexual maturity is an important feature. Love and sex are inevitable. Generally speaking, college students have not received enough adolescent education and are not prepared for sexual maturity. Their secret love, fear and desire for the opposite sex are intertwined, which leads to various psychological problems and even serious psychological obstacles, such as lovelorn and unrequited love.

(B) Common emotional and behavioral disorders of college students

Common emotional and behavioral disorders of college students mainly include the following four aspects:

1, anxiety

(1) Specific object phobia: refers to an individual's intense and persistent fear of an object or place, even though he knows that it does not actually pose a threat, such as snakes, cats and other animals, or certain scenes such as high places, dark and empty places, airplanes, elevators, etc.

(2) Social anxiety disorder: it is a persistent and obvious fear of contacting strangers or one or more social occasions that may be watched by others.

(3) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): It is a psychological disorder characterized by ideas, emotions or behaviors that you know are unnecessary but can't get rid of.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder often includes two symptoms: compulsive thinking and compulsive behavior.

Forced thinking, for example, some patients always worry about whether the door is closed after going out; Some patients often worry about whether the address is wrong after sending a letter. Patients know that these thoughts are meaningless, but they have to think about them, so they are very anxious and painful. Compulsive behavior, the purpose of which is to alleviate the anxiety caused by compulsive thinking, such as compulsive repeated hand washing, compulsive counting, compulsive etiquette movements and so on.

(4) Generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by systemic and persistent anxiety, which is often accompanied by autonomic nervous symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, dry mouth, frequent urination, urgency, sweating and tremor, and exercise tension, but the degree of tension and panic is not commensurate with the actual situation.

(5) Post-traumatic stress disorder: refers to mental disorder caused by unusual painful events, that is, delayed or lasting response to unusual threatening and catastrophic events. It can induce fear, helplessness or fear, and reflect it through injury and death threats. Typical manifestations are nightmares related to painful memories or traumatic events, trying to avoid clues that lead to trauma, and physiological activation's improvement.

2. Sexual psychological disorder

Sexual psychological disorder, also known as abnormal sexual behavior, means that it has no direct relationship with reproductive activities, is different from ordinary people in the object and way of seeking sexual satisfaction, and violates social customs. Common sexual perversions include sexual perversions, such as fetishism, nudity, voyeurism, transvestite and sadism. There is also a sexual psychological disorder called gender identity disorder, which refers to having gender identity or gender consciousness opposite to one's biological sex.

3. Sick personality

Personality disorder refers to a persistent and firm emotional and behavioral response that obviously deviates from normal personality and runs counter to others and society. Patients with personality disorder have formed a unique behavior pattern, which is not well adapted to the environment, often affecting their social functions, and even conflicts with society, resulting in adverse consequences for themselves or society. Personality disorders often begin in childhood and are stereotyped in adolescence. Lasting into adulthood or life. Common personality disorders of college students include paranoid personality, obsessive personality, borderline personality and dependent personality.

(1) Paranoid personality disorder: It is a personality disorder characterized by doubt and paranoia. Show common suspicion, distrust or doubt the loyalty of others, and be overly vigilant and defensive; Consciously aware of their importance, have you interpreted the things around you as? Conspiracy? Unrealistic preconceived ideas; Too conceited, think you are right, and complain when you encounter setbacks and failures; It is easy to produce pathological jealousy; Very sensitive to setbacks and rejections, unable to understand others, holding a grudge for a long time, often quarreling with others or indulging in litigation, and having bad interpersonal relationships.

(2) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by strict and perfect requirements. I hope to do it according to the routine that he is familiar with, thinks it is foolproof and can't adapt to the new changes. Lack of imagination, not taking advantage of opportunities, being too cautious and rigid, planning repeatedly in advance and checking repeatedly afterwards. Hesitation and indecision are also one of its characteristics.

(3) Avoidant personality disorder, characterized by long-term and comprehensive separation from social relations. They avoid socializing, especially professional activities involving more interpersonal communication, and are afraid of being teased, ridiculed and humiliated. Feeling incompetent, overly anxious and worried, afraid of being criticized or rejected in social situations.

4. Mood disorders include emotional and behavioral disorders. Mood disorder mainly refers to depression, and suicide is also an important issue worthy of our attention.

(1) Depression: It is a common disease, and one in ten men may suffer from depression; And one in five women suffers from depression. Depression seriously puzzles patients' life and work, and brings a heavy burden to family and society. About 15% of patients with depression died of suicide. People with depression are in a bad mood, depressed, lose interest in daily activities, lose happiness and lose energy. In severe cases, they will feel desperate and helpless. Most patients have the idea of ending their lives, with slow thinking, low self-evaluation, obvious inhibition of psychological activities, difficulty in association, reduced speech, low voice and slow action.

(2) Suicide: In China, it is estimated that about 287,000 people commit suicide and 2 million people attempt suicide every year. Suicide is the fifth leading cause of death. In the population aged/kloc-0.5 to 34, suicide is the first cause of death, accounting for/kloc-0.9% of the total number of deaths in the corresponding population. Suicide is a problem that deserves the attention of the whole society.

(C) Common psychological barriers of college students

1, bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a disease involving one or more severe manic and depressive episodes. This disease makes people's mood swing between extreme excitement (or irritability, or both) and sadness and disappointment, and there will be a period of normal mood between these two States. Bipolar disorder can be treated and recovered. Having bipolar disorder can maintain successful interpersonal relationships and engage in meaningful work.

2.schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental diseases, which is characterized by brain function problems, obstacles in perception, thinking, emotion and behavior, uncoordinated mental activities, and disharmony between mental activities and the environment. The patient's thought, emotion and behavior are out of touch with reality, and it is impossible to distinguish fantasy from reality, thus losing or reducing the ability of self-care and adapting to social life. It is one of the serious mental diseases, which seriously affects patients' daily work, social interaction, life and self-care ability.

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