1, waterproof concrete structure: waterproof by improving the compactness and impermeability of the concrete structure itself.

2. Adding waterproof layer: adding waterproof layer on the surface of underground structures is to isolate groundwater from the structure to achieve waterproof purpose. Commonly used waterproof layers include cement mortar, coiled material, asphalt binder and metal waterproof layer.

3. Leakage drainage measures: "prevention first, combined with prevention and drainage". Usually, blind ditches, seepage and drainage layers are used to drain groundwater to achieve the purpose of waterproofing. This method is mostly used in important large-scale underground waterproof projects.