Sketch head teaching has always been an important link in the whole sketch teaching, which not only has the function of connecting the preceding with the following, but also is the foundation of semi-skill and full-body portrait. Therefore, it is self-evident to teach it well and learn it well. As far as the art of college entrance examination is concerned, sketching the head is an exam question that we often encounter every year. It is much simpler than a bust with hands and a whole body figure; However, despite this, the number that can be truly described is still very small, and there are many problems. The most common ones are as follows:
First,? Big basic shape features? I can't catch it. The main reasons for these problems are: 1, the eyes are not uniform and the heads are not fused. If the distance is too wide, the basic shape of the face will become wider, and if the distance is too narrow, the basic shape of the face will become thinner. 2. The facial features are painted too small, and the face will shrink into a ball, causing facial edema; If the facial features are too large, the face will be relatively small and cannot accommodate the facial features. So the avatar will become deformed. 3. Draw your left eye when you move your eyes to the right, and draw your right eye when you move them to the left. The two eyes drawn may not necessarily be in the same line of sight.
The solution to this kind of problem is: 1. Adjust the observation method, observe first and then investigate, and look at the shape instead of the lines. Obviously, some people usually only look at lines without looking at shapes or only look at the edge changes of shapes without looking at the big features of shapes. 2. It takes time to compare lines and find out the correct proportional relationship of different sizes and lengths. 3. fix the change of focus angle of view, and don't change your position when observing the body. For example, when you draw an avatar, your position will move left and right, which may lead to the inconsistency between the direction of nose, mouth and eyes and the direction of head in the picture. These problems are caused by the painter's failure to pay attention to the relationship between the whole body and the change of perspective when painting; Therefore, in the process of painting, once the basic modeling is incorrect, it is necessary to stop immediately, think seriously from the perspective of grasping the overall picture, and repeatedly analyze the dynamic changes of the basic modeling and the light and heavy changes of the overall color of the body.
Second,? Flowers? With what? Chaos? The shortcomings of are also prominent in the figure. They refer to many black and white spots on the screen image, just like a fleeting glance on the water. Either the dark side is full of bright areas, or the bright side is full of dark spots, which makes people feel that the light receiving surface and backlight surface of the fuselage are extremely messy. There are two reasons for the confusion of flowers: 1, which over-depicts the part without considering the correlation of other parts, and things are chaotic. 2. It is because the hue and chroma of the pavement are not uniform enough, the chroma of the first layer is uneven, and the lines are too messy; In addition, the chromaticity of the second layer is not uniform, and the lines are not as heavy as the first layer. Many black spots or light spots will appear when this uneven chromaticity is superimposed for many times, which makes the picture appear full of messy lines.
There are two solutions, 1. When laying dark tones, the pen must be even, do not leave too much blank space, and pay attention to the combination with structure while gradually emphasizing tones. 2. If there are too many spots on the bright part, gently wipe them off with a rubber. If there are too many dark parts, you can gently rub them with your fingers to make the tone more uniform. You must avoid using lines blindly in painting, and pay attention to the fact that lines must show the transition of shape and structure.
Third,? Tired? With what? Wood? It is also a common mistake in our pictures. Boredom means that the face can't find the obvious turning point of the body, and it is polished and smooth everywhere without color change. The picture effect of wood is just the opposite. Its problem is that it exaggerates the turning point of the body too much, as if it were cut out of pieces of wood.
The solution is: 1, the characters are all bone and flesh, square and round. Therefore, in the process of painting, this side is harder, the round part is softer, and the bright part is lighter and more accurate, so that the fault can be overcome. 2. In the process of painting, if it is not to pursue a certain body turning style, we should also advocate the correct handling of the picture? Front, middle and back? Three dimensions.
The above are the common problems found by students in the teaching process of sketch head portrait in college entrance examination. Although it can be solved step by step with the deepening of teaching, I still hope some students, especially beginners, will take it seriously.
Check the sketch papers of major art colleges and teachers' colleges in recent years, which is nothing more than taking an avatar or a hand-shot bust, as well as a preliminary plaster cast. Candidates naturally focus on the main sketch avatar. I think there are some problems in the portrait sketch of candidates, which need to be paid attention to.
First, the basic shapes of characters are inaccurate. Including the dynamics of the head, the external contour and facial contour of the head, the position of the five senses, the relationship between the portrait and the neck and shoulder, and so on.
Second, I don't understand the head structure. Lack of anatomical knowledge, unable to see the essence through the phenomenon, grasping the bones and main muscles tightly to express, making the body loose, lines, light and shade can not be implemented.
Third, the three-dimensional concept is not strong. Because geometric plaster is clear and easy to distinguish, and its head shape is complex, it often falls into local description and ignores the three-dimensional observation and performance, lacking due depth.
Fourth, the overall sense is not strong. Take pains to pick your eyes, nose and mouth. Hair and ears are sloppy, ignoring the relationship between neck and shoulders, and the picture is messy and uncoordinated.
5. Don't pay attention to the position of the parietal bone. Because hair covers the skull, it often shortens the space between the frontal bone and the parietal bone, which looks extremely uncomfortable.
All these show that some candidates can't grasp the whole sense, master the basic shape, pay attention to the deep and complete processing screen, and often struggle with the details. The artistic accomplishment needs to be improved, and the observation method and painting steps need to be improved urgently.
Next, I will talk about the steps and methods of drawing with the outline of head sketch.
The first step, conception and composition. Candidates should develop the habit of observing the characteristics of objects and brewing their emotions before painting. According to the object's occupation, age, temperament, hobbies, etc. , consider how to show, want to achieve what kind of effect. With a plan in mind, you will be bold and unrestrained when writing. Don't rush to draw, pay attention to whether the position of the characters is appropriate and whether the space in front of the characters is large when composing. Although this is a cliche, it is the key to determine whether the whole painting is complete and comfortable.
The second step is to pay close attention to the outline. This is very important. It is inconceivable that high-rise buildings will rise without a solid wall foundation. The outline is the foundation of the wall. To grasp it accurately, we must grasp the basic shape of the head, the position of the five senses, the position of the boundary between light and shade, and the relationship between the head and the shoulder. To draw an accurate outline, we must observe the whole, and use more auxiliary lines to help determine the position. When grasping the shape, we should pay close attention to the characteristics and draw it like a painting. The shape has begun to take shape, and the image is ready to come out. Just like the artist at the gate of the park uses scissors to silhouette, it is easy to show the character image. Although we can't see the thin internal structure clearly, we can still recognize him. Some students didn't pay attention to this step, and the shape was still very vague, so they hurried to draw the five senses. How can the picture drawn in this way be close to the object!
On the basis of drawing the correct shape, the position of the five senses also needs to work hard. Pay attention to the use of the central axis when drawing facial features. Except for the absolute front, the central axis is an isolated line according to the dynamics of the head. Many students don't understand this. When you draw a slightly sideways angle, you can't turn your head. Of course, it feels bad. According to the basic law of three stops and five purposes, the position of five senses can find out the image characteristics of people in nature and draw thousands of differences between people. Pay attention to the length, width and thickness of eyebrows, eyes, nose and ears when sketching. If this step is not allowed, don't delve into it, let alone explain the darkness. When drawing eyebrows, pay attention to the bone points of the upper and lower recesses of the eye socket and the thick eyebrows at the convex turning point of the temporal bone. When drawing eyes, the four corners of the eyes should be on a parallel line, otherwise the eyes will fluctuate and feel uncomfortable. It is important to draw eyes. There is a difference between the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid. Generally, the upper eyelid is heavier because it is thick and the eyelashes are deep. The shadow cast on the eyeball is often the deepest part of the whole painting, which is very magical. It is also easy to wrap the eyeball in the eyelids. The lower eyelid should be bright, otherwise it will be like playing with makeup. The description of the mouth is also related to the expression of people. First of all, we must determine the thickness of the upper and lower lips, but also pay attention to the fact that the lips can not be hooked too hard with lines, and the mouth is drooping and drooping, which is very subtle. Draw ears with eyes, nose and mouth. Some candidates are unwilling to draw more ears, and even regard them as a burden. Either you can't cross the space, or you can't dance well and destroy the whole.