Kunming is located in the middle of Yunnan Province, with east longitude102 43' and north latitude 25 02'. Altitude of downtown 189 1 m. Kunming 1 city has four districts and seven counties, namely Panlong, Wuhua, Guandu and Xishan, Anning 1 city (county-level city) Chenggong, Jinning, Fumin, Songming, Yiliang, Shilin and Luquan. It borders Dongchuan and Qujing in the east, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Yuxi in the south, Wei Chu in the west and Sichuan across the Jinsha River in the north. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 140km, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 220km. The total area of the city 1556 1 km2 is equal to 14.6 the total area of Hong Kong (106 1.8 km2), including 30.6 km2 in the urban area (Wuhua and Panlong) and 30.6 km2 in the suburbs (Guandu and Xishan).
As early as 30,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age, people lived and multiplied along the Dianchi Lake. Paleolithic fossils from Longtan Mountain in Chenggong are its representatives and have been named as "Kunming people".
During the Warring States Period (286 BC), Zhuang, a general of Chu, led troops into Yunnan and established the Kingdom of Yunnan near Jinning today.
During the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), the territory of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expanded to Yunnan, and Yizhou County was established in Jincheng, Dianchi Lake, and Jianning County was established in Han Shu. Cuan clan's ancestral home was in Yunnan (AD 3 17- AD 750). During these 400 years, cuan clan called it "Kunchuan" or "Zhou Kun".
During Nanzhao period in Tang Dynasty (AD 756), this place was turned into the eastern part of Nanzhao, and the East City was built and expanded.
During Dali period (AD 937), Dongcheng was transformed into the official residence of Shan Department.
In the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1254), the words "Kunming Thousand Houses" and "Kunming" were set up and became the place names here and now. In A.D. 1274, the Yuan Dynasty sent Saidian Chi Justine to Yunnan to be in power, and changed the official residence to Zhongqing Road.
In the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), Zhongqing Road was changed to Yunnan Province. In the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1658), Wu Sangui entered Yunnan. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhu Youlang of Li Yong fled to Myanmar. In A.D. 1662, Wu Sangui captured the emperor Li Yong from Myanmar and forced him to hang himself in Jinchan Temple with yellow silk (Huashan West Road was forced to death and the temple was destroyed). In the Qing Dynasty, Yunnan Province was still established.
19 1 0/When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, Cai Hui and others launched the "Double Ninth Uprising" in Kunming (19 1 1 0, ninth day of the lunar calendar), which overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan.
In 19 15, Yunnan, led by Cai Hui and Tang, launched a war against Yuan to protect the country. The democratic revolution won.
Kunming CCBA was established in A.D. 19 19; 1928 Kunming municipal government was established until 1949 Lu Han, the former chairman of Yunnan province, declared a peaceful uprising. Since the liberation of Yunnan, Kunming has been the capital and the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan Province.
In the course of historical development, the Central Plains culture in Kunming blended with the local national culture, and many famous literati appeared. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were particularly prominent, such as Yang Shen, the champion of Sichuan Xindu, who was sent to Yunnan. He often goes to Kunming and writes a lot. Zheng He, the founder of the history of world navigation, made seven voyages to the West. Mao Lan, who has made great contributions to medicine, is a patriotic poet and monk. Honest and clean. Master of painting and calligraphy Qian Feng (Qian Nanyuan); Famous writer Sun Zu (Sun Ranweng), Grand View Long Lian, etc. The Qing dynasty abolished the imperial examination, set up new schools, sent overseas students and introduced western European and eastern cultures. The first university in Yunnan, Donglu University, was born in Kunming in 1923 (renamed Yunnan University in 1934). During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, famous universities in China, such as Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University, moved to Kunming and merged into The National SouthWest Associated University. Cultural and academic celebrities gathered in Kunming and achieved great success.
After the founding of New China, Kunming has made great progress in education, health, scientific research, news broadcasting and other cultural undertakings, and has become an important base for training talents in the province.
There are 16 colleges and universities in Yunnan Province, namely: Yunnan University, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming Institute of Technology, Kunming Medical College, Yunnan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan Institute for Nationalities, Yunnan Institute of Technology, Yunnan Art College, Yunnan College of Finance and Trade, Southwest Forestry College, Yunnan College of Political Science and Law, Yunnan Public Security College, Kunming Metallurgical College, Kunming Normal College and Kunming University. A multi-level, multi-standard and relatively complete higher education system has initially taken shape.
Health institutions and health technicians in Kunming have developed rapidly and become the medical center of the whole province. According to the statistics at the end of 1997, there are 2205 health institutions in the city with 23937 beds and 39698 staff. Kunming has 6.2 beds per 1,000 population (including 0.2 beds in urban areas and 2.2 beds in rural areas); Health professionals 10.34 (8.2 health technicians, 3.97 doctors and 2.55 nurses), ranking first in the province's average level.
There are 269 scientific research units in Kunming, which has become a scientific research base and a center for technology test, demonstration, promotion and exchange in the whole province. There are many kinds of scientific research institutions with local characteristics, including plants, animals, nonferrous metals, precious metals, tobacco, medicine, astronomy, bioengineering, geology, earthquake and so on. It has played an important role in promoting the rapid transformation of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces and promoting the economic construction of the province.
Kunming is the center of news, broadcasting, television, publishing and distribution in the province, and more than half of the newspapers and periodicals in the province are edited and distributed in Kunming. During the period of 1997, the whole city broadcasted more than1000 radio news, more than 6,500 TV news and more than 70 special topics. A municipal news network represented by Kunming People's Broadcasting Station, Kunming TV Station, Kunming Cable TV Station and Kunming Daily has been formed.
There are 15 provincial and municipal cultural and artistic performance groups and some amateur art groups in the city. The main operas are Yunnan Opera, Beijing Opera, Lantern Festival, Drama, Song and Dance, Quyi and so on.
Located in the center of the city, Yunnan Provincial Museum treasures historical relics excavated in various parts of the province since 1950s, which show the splendid Yunnan culture in various periods. Among them, the Yunnan Golden Seal unearthed from Shizhai Mountain in Jinning is one of the precious national treasures. In addition, it also shows the people's feelings and folk customs of all ethnic minorities in the province.