1896 won the senior high school entrance examination. From 65438 to 0897, he entered Hangzhou Chinese and Western Qiushi Academy and began to accept modern western ideology and culture. 1899 was expelled from the academy for anti-Qing remarks. 190 1 was wanted by the Qing government for carrying out anti-Qing propaganda activities, and fled from Anqing to Japan to study at Tokyo Normal University. 1July, 903, assisted Zhang Zhao in editing the National Daily in Shanghai. At the beginning of 1904, Anhui Daily was founded in Wuhu to publicize revolutionary ideas. 1905 organized Yue, the secret revolutionary organization against Qing Dynasty, as the general chairman. 1907 entered Tokyo Normal English School and then transferred to Waseda University. /kloc-in the winter of 0/909, I went to teach in Zhejiang Army School. Shortly after the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), he served as secretary-general of the Anhui Provincial Governor's Office. 19 13 participated in the crusade against Yuan Shikai's "second revolution". After his failure, he was arrested and imprisoned. After he was released from prison, he went to Japan on 19 14 to help Zhang establish Jiayin magazine. 1965438+In September 2005, he founded and edited Youth magazine in Shanghai (it was renamed New Youth one year later). 19 17 was hired as a senior liberal arts student of Peking University at the beginning of this year. 19 18 12 and Li Dazhao founded Weekly Review. During this period, he took New Youth, Weekly Review and Peking University as the main positions, actively advocated democracy and science, advocated the literary revolution, and opposed the old feudal ideas, culture and ethics, and became one of the advocates and main leaders of the New Culture Movement. 19 19 In the late May 4th movement, Marxism was accepted and publicized. 1920, sneak into Shanghai. With the help of * * * Production International, he first established the early organization of * * * Production Party in Shanghai, and at the same time contacted advanced elements from other places to initiate the establishment of * * * Production Party in China, and became one of the main founders. 192 1 7 was elected as the secretary of the central Committee at the first national congress of communist party, China held in Shanghai. From the first session to the fifth session, he was elected as a member of the central Committee, and served as secretary of the central Committee, chairman of the executive Committee and general secretary of the central Committee. He was the main leader of the early China * * * production party. In the later period of the Great Revolution, the right-wing ideology developed into right opportunism, giving up the leadership of peasants, urban petty bourgeoisie and middle bourgeoisie, especially the leadership of the army, and adopting a policy of compromise and surrender to the attack of the Kuomintang Rightists. 1927 China's revolution failed not only because of the international guidance from * * *, but also because of his right deviation. 1in mid-July, 927, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was reorganized and he left the central leadership post. Since then, he accepted Trotskyite's viewpoint and carried out activities in the form of setting up small organizations within the party. 1929165438+10, was expelled from the party for publishing an open letter to the Central Committee on the issue of Zhongdong Road. In June and February of the same year, 5438, Our Political Opinions, signed by 8 1 person, was published as an extension and cancellation program. At the same time, a small trotskyite organization, the Proletarian Association, was established in Shanghai and published Proletarians. 1931May, attended the "Unity Party Meeting" organized by Trotskyites in China, and was elected as the Central Secretary of Trotskyites in China. 1932 10, arrested by the Kuomintang government in Shanghai, sentenced and imprisoned in Nanjing. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,/kloc-0 was released from prison in August, 937, and lived in Wuhan and Chongqing successively, and finally lived in Jiangjin, Sichuan for a long time. 1942 poverty and illness in may.
Hu Shi (1891.12.17-1962.2.24), Han nationality, formerly known as Hu Hongbi and Smecta, has a strong real name. After that, he took the "Geng Kuan" exam to study in the United States and changed his name to Shi. Anhui Jixi (now Shangzhuang Village, Jixi, Anhui) people. Modern famous scholars, poets, historians, writers and philosophers. Hu Shi became one of the leaders of the new culture movement because he advocated the literary revolution. He has a wide range of interests. As a scholar, he has studied in literature, philosophy, history, textual research, education, ethics, redology and other fields.
He has served as Professor Peking University, Dean of Peking University College of Literature, Professor and Director of Fu Jen Catholic University, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of China to the United States, Honorary Advisor of the Oriental Department of the Library of Congress, President Peking University, Academician of Academia Sinica, Director of Gusde Oriental Library of Princeton University and Dean of Academia Sinica (located in Nangang, Taipei). Hu Shi was also a pioneer of liberalism in China.
Hu Shi was deeply influenced by Huxley and Dewey, claiming that Huxley taught him how to doubt and Mr Dewey taught him how to think. Therefore, Hu Shi advocated liberalism and skepticism all his life, and advocated democracy and science with New Youth as his position. Throughout his life, he advocated the research methods of "bold hypothesis, careful verification" and "words must mean something"
Li Dazhao (1889— 1927) was born in Laoting, Hebei. China * * * one of the main founders and early leaders of the production party.
19 13 graduated from Tianjin Beiyang College of Law and Politics. Studying in Japan, entering the political department of Waseda University, I began to get in touch with socialist ideas. 19 14 organized the shenzhou society to carry out anti-yuan activities. The following year, in order to oppose the "Twenty-one Articles" of Japan's subjugation, a Letter to the National Elders was published in the name of the Federation of Students Studying in Japan, calling on Chinese people to fight to the death with "determination to cross the rubicon". 1965438+Returned to China in May 2006, founded Chenzhong in Beijing as the editor-in-chief. In order to promote the development of the New Culture Movement, Xuan resigned as an editor of Jiayin Daily.
19 18 served as the director of Peking University Library, published articles such as Victory of Bolshevism, and called on the people of the whole country to take the road of October Revolution. Active participation in the May 4th Movement played an important role in promoting the movement.
1March, 926, led the Beijing people to oppose the "ultimatum" of Japan, Britain, the United States and other countries demanding the dismantling of Dagukou national defense equipment. /kloc-in June of 0/8, he was wanted by the Japanese government for organizing a petition demonstration. During the Northern Expedition, he assisted Feng Yuxiang in formulating military action guidelines. 1927 was arrested by warlord Zhang on April 6th. He died heroically in Beijing on the 28th. This book was compiled into a collection of Li Dazhao's works.
And:
Li Dazhao (1889- 1927) is a pioneer and the earliest Marxist of the * * * production movement in China, and one of the main founders of the * * * production party in China. Don't tell anyone. Laoting County, Hebei Province. 1907 summer solstice 19 13 summer vacation to study in Tianjin Beiyang College of Law and Politics. 19 13 At the end of the year, I went to study in Japan. During his stay in Japan, he participated in the struggle against Yuan Shikai's restoration and treason. 1965438+After returning to China in May 2006, he became the editor-in-chief of Beijing Morning Post. 1917 65438+10 as editor of Jiayin Daily. During this period, Jiayin and New Youth published many articles promoting democratic ideas and social progress. 19/kloc-joined Peking University at the end of 0/7, served as the librarian, participated in the editing work of New Youth, and successively served as the director of Peking University Council, professor of economics and professor of history. After the October socialist revolution, he took the lead in accepting and spreading Marxism, and successively published famous papers such as A Comparative View of the French-Russian Revolution and Victory of the Common People, and founded Weekly Review together with Chen Duxiu, who actively led the May 4th Movement and resolutely opposed the reformism represented by Hu Shi. /kloc-in the spring of 0/920, he and Chen Duxiu began to prepare for the establishment of the China * * * production party. In the same year, in June 5438+10, the * * * production party group was established in Beijing. 165438+ 10, the group changed its name to Beijing branch of China * * * Production Party as secretary. After the first National Congress of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Beijing Local Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established as the secretary, responsible for leading the Party's work in Beijing and northern areas. 1922 August, attended the special meeting of the Central Committee of China, was an alternate member of the Central Committee, and was in favor of cooperation with China. 1In June, 923, he went to Guangzhou to attend the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, was elected as an executive member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Beijing. After the meeting, the Beijing District Executive Committee and the Beijing Local Executive Committee were established, and/kloc-0 became the chairman in March, 924 (/kloc-0 became the secretary in June, 925). 1924 1, the first national congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and was elected as the executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, responsible for the work of the executive department of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Beijing. In June of the same year, as the chief representative of China * * * delegation, he went to the Soviet Union to attend the fifth congress of * * * production international. In the same year, 1 1 left the Soviet Union for home. In June, 1925, 1 was elected as one of the four Central Committee members. In June 5438+10, the organizational system of Beijing District Executive Committee and Beijing Local Executive Committee was abolished, and the North District Executive Committee (hereinafter referred to as the North District Executive Committee) and Beijing Local Executive Committee were established respectively as the secretary of the North District Executive Committee. The Northern Party Committee headed by Li Dazhao actively organized and led the northern revolutionary movement, cooperated with Feng Yuxiang's national army in many ways, launched the struggle to overthrow the Beijing warlord government, and organized the northern people to support the Northern Expedition. 1926 After the "March 18th" tragedy, he was wanted by the Duan government, so he took refuge in the barracks of the Soviet Embassy in Beijing and continued his struggle. On April 6, 1927, warlord Zhang sent military police to search the Soviet embassy. More than 60 people, including Li Dazhao, were arrested and died heroically in Beijing on the 28th.
Yu Pingbo: Classical literature researcher, redologist, poet and writer. Originally named Yu Mingheng, he was born in Dainan Village (now Jinxing Village, Chengguan Town) in the eastern suburb of Deqing. Great-grandson of Yu Yue, a master of Park Studies in Qing Dynasty. In his early years, he participated in the May 4th New Culture Movement and was a member of the trendy society, literature research society and silk society. 19 19 graduated from Peking University. I visited Japan for education. He once taught in Hangzhou No.1 Normal School. Later, he served as a professor in Shanghai University, yenching university, Peking University and Tsinghua University. 1947 Join the Jiu San Society. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Professor Peking University, a researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, a member and consultant of the Central Committee of Jiu San Society, a member of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles for one to four sessions, and a director of the Chinese Writers Association for one or two sessions. He was a deputy to the First, Second and Third National People's Congresses and a member of the Fifth and Sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference.
At first, Yu Pingbo mainly composed new poems. 19 18, with the vernacular poem "Spring Water". The following year, he and Zhu Ziqing founded China's earliest new poetry monthly "Poetry". For the war of resistance
The Night Before, Winter Night, Death to the West, Memories and so on have been collected one after another. He is also good at Ci, and he has written Occasionally Reading Ci, Gu Huai Shu House Ci and so on. In terms of prose, he collected and published Zazi, Yan, Zazi II, Dream of Ancient Feelings, Yanjiao Collection and so on. Among them, famous articles such as "Qinhuai River under the Shadow of Water Lights" have been talked about for some time.
192 1 year, Yu Pingbo began to study a dream of red mansions. Two years later, Yadong Library published the monograph A Dream of Red Mansions. 1952, A Dream of Red Mansions was published by Tang Di Publishing House. 1954 In March, Fu Yu published A Dream of Red Mansions in Xinjian magazine. In September of the same year, he was criticized by non-academic politics and treated unfairly for a long time, but he still didn't give up his research on A Dream of Red Mansions. From 65438 to 0987, he was invited to Hong Kong to publish the new research results of A Dream of Red Mansions. 1988, a collection of works published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. He also wrote Miscellaneous Poems and Songs, Eighty Memories of a Dream of Red Mansions and Selected Prose of Yu Pingbo.
199010 June 15 died at the age of 9 1.