2 1 century, China's economic development is changing with each passing day. The people of China have solved the problem of food and clothing and are getting closer to the international level. Teenagers living in 2 1 century are happy and healthy. Are they completely healthy teenagers? Don't! Because the times are developing, the concept of human health is also developing. 1989, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) made a new definition of health, that is, "health is not only the absence of disease, but also physical health, mental health, good social adaptation and moral health". The concept of health advocated now focuses on grasping and emphasizing the integrity of health as a whole, which is the health required by civilized society in 2 1 century, that is, moral health is the commander-in-chief, physical health is the foundation, and on this basis, mental health and social adaptation are fully developed and organically combined. Mental health has become an urgent task to improve the quality of the people.
Practice has proved that mental health education plays an important role in the whole work of the school, and it is a powerful guarantee to promote the school's education and teaching work to achieve good results. Standing in the garden of basic education, we can easily find that our current education is in a period of great change, and social development also puts forward higher requirements for backward basic education. Modern education requires us to cultivate a new generation of people with good psychological quality, healthy aesthetic taste and lifestyle. In this period, we should supplement students' psychological nutrition, grasp their spiritual pulse, correct their life direction and make them grow up healthily.
And what about the mental health status of teenagers in China at present? The following materials shocked us and made us think deeply …
A few years ago, the newspaper reported that a student in Grade Two, No.4 Middle School in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, couldn't stand the pressure of academic performance, ranking and parents and killed his mother with a hammer. Two middle school students in Qiaotou Town Middle School, Yongjia County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province hacked a classmate to death for extortion; Another example is the Ma Jiajue incident of Yunnan University some time ago, the student injury incident of Sichuan Agricultural Vocational and Technical College in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and the trip to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China-Japan Youth Friendly Summer Camp in 2005. The mental health problems and unsatisfactory psychological quality of children in China have aroused the deep concern of people of insight in society. These materials are really shocking and have caused me to think deeply. Especially as a political teacher and class teacher, we need to think deeply!
Facts have proved that we should not only give teenagers a healthy body, but also give them a healthy mind. Society, families and schools should reach out and make due efforts for the mental health of teenagers. In school, besides offering special health classes, I think it is an effective educational method for teachers to organically infiltrate mental health education into the teaching of various subjects. Political course is the main position to carry out mental health education. Because learning is the leading activity of students, many psychological problems of students are produced in the process of learning, which should be properly solved in the teaching process. In fact, there are many content materials suitable for psychological counseling in the textbooks of various subjects, and educational scenes conducive to the implementation of psychological counseling often appear in the teaching process. As long as teachers dig carefully and make good use of it, they will certainly receive the actual effect of psychological counseling.
Infiltrating psychological education in teaching refers to introducing psychological theories, methods and techniques into educational and teaching activities, which helps students to master knowledge, skills and form good habits while improving their cognitive skills, emotions and personality traits. Infiltrate psychological education in the teaching of various subjects. The teaching of each subject involves different levels of psychological education. As long as we sort out the subject content, we can dig out the psychological education content contained in the textbook. For example, choosing typical literary content in Chinese teaching can develop and train students' thinking in images and imagination, develop students' thinking in depth, breadth and abstraction through Chinese teaching, and promote various non-intellectual factors such as emotion, will and personality through Chinese teaching; Mathematics teaching can not only cultivate students' good thinking quality, but also exercise their will to overcome difficulties; Music art teaching can cultivate students' emotions, enrich students' imagination and cultivate students' good aesthetic psychology of feeling, appreciating and creating beauty. Physical and chemical teaching can cultivate and train students' scientific attitude of observation, flexibility, persistence and rigor; Historical geography teaching can stimulate students' advanced social feelings and temper their good character through historical figures and natural national conditions; Physical education teaching can not only improve students' health, but also cultivate students' spirit of mutual assistance, will quality and sense of competition.
Below, I will talk about how to infiltrate mental health education in politics teaching and class teacher's work.
For example, when I asked questions in a political class, I found that only a few students answered the questions. Most students never raise their hands to speak because of lack of self-confidence. Even if they already have the answer in mind, they dare not raise their hands in case they make mistakes. As we all know, there is a formula: self-confidence and perseverance = success. Self-confidence is the psychology of believing that you have the ability to do something well. Also: self-confidence is the first step to success. It can be seen that self-confidence plays an important role on the road to success in life. What conflicts with self-confidence is inferiority complex, which is a negative factor in self-awareness. If it is not handled properly, it will affect the initiative and enthusiasm of students to participate in learning activities, damage their physical and mental health, and also be a stumbling block to students' learning activities. Therefore, it is necessary to help students overcome and prevent inferiority complex and cultivate and establish self-confidence. I use a self-confidence training method, that is, let the whole class answer the teacher's questions one by one in class, so that every student has the opportunity to answer questions. Let students practice making confident answers in a real learning environment. Let those students who want to answer questions but dare not raise their hands boldly answer them, and experience the joy of success with the approval of teachers and students. In this case, they will be surprised to find that "I can do it"! In training, students with poor grades should be easy first and then difficult, step by step. In this training process, teachers should create successful conditions for students, which can improve students' sense of self-worth. For example, you can make some simple questions, be prepared and increase your chances of success. When the students answer correctly, the teacher affirms the results of the students' efforts, so that the students can see the progress brought by the efforts. Even if the students don't answer correctly, try to find bright spots, such as loud voice and not stage fright, and encourage them.
One of the students I taught, whose grades in all subjects were very low, told me that he was "distracted as soon as he was in class". Parents reported that the primary school teacher said he had ADHD. When he was asked a question in class, he got the correct answer. I praised him "you are so smart" in class! After class, he asked me, "Teacher, why do you call me smart?"? The teacher never said I was stupid! " ! I said, you answered very well just now. As long as you listen carefully, you will get good grades. Just try it. I didn't expect him to study hard, and as a result, he got more than 70 points in the political examination in the midterm this semester. Another example: there is a male classmate who has low grades in school, lacks self-confidence, has no clear learning goals and motives, sleeps in class and does not attend classes. After nearly a year of conscious and step-by-step training in my self-confidence training method, he has learned to raise his hand actively and made great progress. He entered the top eight in his class this month, and the whole class was shocked. Even he told me "I didn't expect to get the eighth place"! Numerous examples tell us that only when students succeed through hard work will students believe in the role of hard work in improving their academic performance. This process is also the process of cultivating achievement motivation, and teachers play a leading role in this process.
Another example is to stimulate students' learning motivation in teaching, which is mainly cultivated in teaching activities. As we all know, the subjects that students like are usually the subjects that they learn well! Especially in view of the actual situation of the current high school political textbooks, which have little contact with students' real life, students are bored, so I use the novelty, suspense, difference and uncertainty of the contents of the textbooks to create problem situations, arouse students' cognitive conflicts and stimulate students' curiosity. For example, the textbook talks about "the quality of business operators". I divide each class into four groups, namely mayor, manager, worker and consumer. Then let the students find out the theoretical basis from the book and get the result by combining practice. In this way, every student has devoted himself to his role, constantly thinking, discussing and deepening his understanding, and even really learned something that rote learning can't be used freely in the contradiction with other roles. In teaching, some interesting parts should be reserved for students to discover independently, so as to reflect the joy of new discovery and help to maintain students' interest and enthusiasm for learning activities.
They also pay attention to how to communicate successfully, how to deal with setbacks in life, and how to adjust their emotional state. Gradually cultivate and improve students' psychological quality through infiltration education. After nearly a year of self-confidence training, students' self-confidence has been continuously enhanced, and their attitude towards political lessons has gradually changed from "dislike" at the beginning to "expectation" for my political lessons now. In this situation, whether teaching or learning, the effect will certainly be good, and the comprehensive quality of students will naturally be greatly improved. They are preparing for the college entrance examination with confidence. Their behavior habits, learning attitudes and academic achievements have been generally improved.
Inquiry learning emphasizes the combination of scientific concept, scientific method and scientific attitude and the understanding of scientific research process, and requires students to discover and solve problems in person, acquire knowledge, develop skills, cultivate abilities, especially innovation ability, be educated by scientific method, spirit and values, and develop their own personality. The premise of inquiry learning is that teachers must provide students with sufficient time and space for inquiry, and teachers should create conditions to encourage students to explore independently. Students may explore many problems and the ways to explore them.
The method is also very flexible. As long as teachers give students the right and opportunity to explore, every student can show his talents in exploration. Students can explore the process of knowledge generation and development; You can explore at the connection point of old and new knowledge; Can be explored in questioning and asking questions; Can be explored in solving practical problems; You can also explore the novelty, difference and change of things.
3. Democratization of classroom teaching
Democratization of classroom teaching means that teachers must understand and deal with the relationship between teachers and students from the perspective of "interpersonal" relationship, treat students as equal members of society, and let students become the real subject of teaching. This is an educational thought based on students' age, psychological characteristics and growth law, focusing on students' future development and aiming at cultivating students' sound personality, perfect personality and innovative spirit. It is of great significance to run through this concept in ideological and political teaching to optimize classroom teaching and promote students' all-round development.
Teachers and students are equal in personality. In teaching, we should standardize the relationship between teachers and students in cognitive structure and cognitive style, and establish a partnership between teachers and students to share resources. When teaching knowledge to students, teachers should not "teach" from top to bottom, but should explore and learn with students.
4. Improve the efficiency of classroom teaching
The pursuit of modern classroom teaching is to let students receive as much education as possible with as little time and energy as possible, and to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. Teachers should improve teaching efficiency, establish characteristic education concepts and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability in classroom teaching.
Second, the basic principles of high school political classroom teaching
It is pointed out in the Curriculum Standard of senior high school ideological and political course that ideological and political course is a compulsory course for students to systematically carry out civic moral education and Marxist common sense education. According to the nature of ideological and political lessons, the basic principles of political classroom teaching in senior high schools are as follows:
1. Goal-oriented principle
Teaching objectives are the concentrated expression of teaching tasks, the starting point and destination of teaching activities, and the soul of classroom teaching. It makes the psychology of teachers and students synchronous, makes the activities of teachers and students have the same direction, and becomes the direction of action in the teaching process. The guiding role of teaching objectives is not only reflected in the beginning of teaching, but also in the whole teaching process. Teachers should standardize teaching behavior according to teaching objectives, so that students can have a clear direction in each step of learning and make teaching behavior follow a clear goal.
2. The principle of subjectivity
Teachers should attach importance to the cultivation of students' subjectivity, cultivate students' subjective consciousness, spirit, personality and ability, and lay a good foundation for playing a "subjective role" in social practice in the future. Carrying out the principle of subjectivity requires establishing students' subjective view, establishing students' "subjective status", respecting students' subjective personality and cultivating students' subjective consciousness; Carry out the educational principle of teaching, cultivate students' "subject thought" with socialist ideology and morality as the core, cultivate students' healthy subject psychology and develop students' rational and harmonious personality.
3. The principle of comprehensiveness
The essence of quality education is all-round development. The principle of comprehensiveness is to treat all students equally and ensure their basic learning rights; It is necessary to change the wrong practice of teaching only a few so-called promising students in the past, and emphasize that teachers should have a holistic concept and consciousness in preparing lessons, not only to thoroughly understand the teaching materials, but also to thoroughly understand the students; The teaching plan should reflect the hierarchical view, and it is difficult and gradient to impart knowledge and skills; The assignment should be able to reflect various requirements and objectives, and should not be across the board; The scope of marking should involve all students, not only personality but also sex; Sample papers with different requirements should be prepared to meet the test requirements of students of different levels. The principle of comprehensiveness should also adhere to the party's educational policy and advocate the idea of all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor.
4. The principle of equal emphasis on knowledge
Political teachers should help students master knowledge and skills, cultivate students' abilities (the ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems, communicate and cooperate), and pay attention to students' emotional development (motivation, interest, emotion, attitude, will, etc.). ) Combine knowledge with practice, pay equal attention to knowledge, and promote students' all-round development.
5. Open principle
Break the traditional "three-center" teaching mode with textbooks as the center, teachers as the center and classrooms as the center, establish an open consciousness, integrate theory with practice, closely connect with the party's line, principles and policies, and combine teaching with colorful social life reality, closely combine small classes in schools with large classes in society, keep pace with the times, and fully reflect the characteristics of ideological and political courses.
6. Learning principles
Teachers should let students learn to learn, master the methods and abilities of self-study and self-control learning, realize the teaching ideal of "not teaching", and lay a good foundation for the "lifelong learning" ability necessary to adapt to the future "learning society". To carry out the principle of learning requires: to stimulate and mobilize students' initiative, enthusiasm and consciousness, and to carry out the teaching process from beginning to end; Implement the heuristic teaching principle; Carry out the principle of "learning to learn" and cultivate students' ability and habit of self-study.
7. Structured principle
The principle of structured teaching is based on the background cognitive structure of teachers and students, with the subject knowledge structure as the intermediary. Through the organic combination and interaction of teacher-led control and students' active learning in classroom teaching practice structure, the "internalization" of subject knowledge structure is realized, and the organization, reorganization, construction and reconstruction of students' cognitive structure are promoted. Carrying out the structural principle requires: teaching around students' cognitive structure; Cultivate and improve students' thinking ability throughout the teaching process; Strengthen students' ideological and moral education.
8. The principle of optimization
In teaching, we should focus on the whole teaching system, so as to optimize the combination of various teaching elements and achieve the best overall benefits. Implementing the principle of optimization requires optimizing the teaching environment and creating a good teaching atmosphere; Optimizing teaching process with optimizing teaching objectives as the core.
Third, the design and implementation of ideological and political classroom teaching in senior high schools
1. The Construction of Teaching Objectives in Senior High School Ideological and Political Classroom
(1) The construction of teaching objectives. The teaching goal of ideological and political course is the guide of ideological and political course teaching activities, and it is the learning result and standard expected by teachers and students in teaching. At present, the teaching goal of our senior high school politics class is still to impart knowledge, ignoring the all-round development of morality, physique, beauty and labor; Pay more attention to the realization of intellectual education goals, rather than the improvement of ability and consciousness; Emphasizing the teaching of book knowledge and narrowing application, knowledge expansion and innovation into "exam-oriented" skills can not promote students' innovation and the development of various abilities. Therefore, we must construct scientific and reasonable teaching objectives according to educational purposes.
The teaching objectives of ideological and political courses have the following characteristics:
1) directivity. It plays a guiding role in teaching design, points out the direction of teaching work, is the basis for ideological and political teachers to deal with teaching content and choose teaching methods, and is also the basis for teaching evaluation.
2) objectivity. It depends on the curriculum standards, teaching materials and students' situation, not at will.
3) Integrity. It embodies the integrity of teaching objectives, including comprehensive teaching content.
(2) The teaching target field of ideological and political course. Including knowledge and skills goals, process and method goals, emotional attitudes and values goals.
(3) The teaching goal level of ideological and political course. When teaching, we should understand the general goal and field goal, and the specific goal depends on the grade we teach. The new teaching goal includes not only the cultivation of the subject's knowledge, morality and ability, but also the comprehensive goal of understanding and solving problems in practice.
According to the teaching tasks stipulated in the curriculum standards of ideological and political courses in senior high schools, we can summarize the teaching objectives as follows: to help students form a scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values through the teaching of Marxist economics, philosophy and political science; Improve students' ability to participate in social practice and make them citizens with good quality (ideological, political and moral quality). Therefore, it can be said that the teaching objectives of moral education in senior high schools are "three views" education, the cultivation of social practical ability, civic education and the cultivation of civic quality.
The design of specific teaching objectives should be based on the analysis of curriculum standards, teaching materials, students' cognitive level, physiological and psychological characteristics, psychological recognition of what they have learned, school situation and community curriculum resources, and consult relevant materials to carefully design comprehensive, specific and focused teaching objectives such as unit teaching and classroom teaching.
2. Divide the class hours and organize the teaching content.
(1) Starting from the objectives and tasks, combining with the students' reality, the teaching content is divided into several teaching units, and the class hours are arranged appropriately. Knowledge construction is a textbook system with book knowledge system as its core. We can't ignore the relationship between course content and students' life, modern society and scientific and technological development, and ignore students' interests and experiences. You can't teach for the exam, and everything not included in the college entrance examination is left out in the cold. Avoid imparting knowledge to serve problem solving and ignore the basic knowledge and skills necessary for lifelong learning.
(2) Selection of ideological and political teaching content and curriculum resources in senior high schools.
1) Choose the necessary foundation for students' growth. Senior one carries out civic quality education with economic life as the background. On this basis, senior two students are educated in world outlook, values and outlook on life. This kind of education not only carries out civic quality education at a higher level, but also lays the foundation for establishing the correct political direction, so that the political quality education in senior three can be carried out smoothly. Cultivate the quality of socialist citizens and implement it in the curriculum system of ideological and political courses in middle schools.
2) Highlight the characteristics of ideological and political education in middle schools. The individuality of things is the essence of things. The perfection of personality is the perfection of the essence of things, thus embodying the superiority of things. The teaching content of ideological and political courses in senior high schools does not pursue the integrity of the theoretical system and cannot be made into a "compressed biscuit" of university teaching content. According to the objective laws and actual needs of ideological and political courses in middle schools, the teaching content of ideological and political courses should be reformed to meet the needs of social development and middle school students' growth. One of the key issues is to reflect the popularity, accuracy and effectiveness of Deng Xiaoping Theory.
First of all, the teaching content should pay attention to the life and feelings of high school students.
Ideological education should proceed from the political situation at home and abroad, from social reality, integrate theory with practice, and prevent "falsehood"; Proceed from the reality of middle school students, be close to their life and psychological feelings, and prevent "adult". Integrating theory with practice, we must first contact the reality of students' growth, so that the educational content can make students feel familiar, cordial and popular. In teaching, we should pay attention to students' needs, unforgettable points and growing points.
Secondly, pay attention to the exchange and integration of knowledge between disciplines.
In classroom teaching, teachers should pay attention to revealing the connection between the knowledge behind the words, paying attention to the intersection and infiltration between disciplines, cultivating students' ability to extract and use knowledge in many ways and angles, and cultivating students' divergent thinking ability to meet the requirements of future society for talents.
3. Choose the form and method of teaching organization
(1) Different classes should adopt different organizational forms. Classroom teaching is still the main form of middle school teaching. However, with the changes of teaching tasks and contents, the organizational forms and methods of teaching are also changing. The general trend is to make the organizational forms and methods of teaching more conducive to the development of students' ability and the smooth mastery of basic knowledge.
1) Inquiry teaching. Using the method of discussion and discovery, this paper tries to form a problem situation in the teaching process, and to some extent, create an environment and conditions similar to that of scientists thinking and solving problems, so as to satisfy students' desire to ask questions and solve problems independently.
2) Strengthen social practice. In practical courses, students can use knowledge to solve practical problems, cultivate their ability to understand and solve problems, and form good moral quality in social practice.
3) Personalized autonomous learning. Develop good autonomous learning habits, master learning skills, improve learning efficiency, ensure learning quality, and achieve the goal of learning to learn.
In recent years, multimedia teaching system has been started in most middle schools. The application of modern educational technology in teaching is causing changes in the form and method of teaching organization. Undoubtedly, proper use of educational technology can save teaching time and improve teaching quality. But no matter how clever the machine is, it can't replace the teacher. Not only do the software used in teaching machines need to be created by teachers, but more importantly, the formation of students' ideological and moral character and the cultivation of their ability in the teaching process are inseparable from the guidance of teachers.
(2) Correct use of teaching methods in practice. Teaching methods should focus on changing teachers' teaching methods, highlighting three learning methods: autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning.
On the one hand, teaching methods should be scientific, that is, teaching methods should be enlightening, artistic, practical and effective, and learning methods should be proactive. Teaching method and learning method are "five natures". Enlightening means asking teachers to give full play to students' main role in teaching methods and arouse students' learning enthusiasm. Artistic means that the teaching methods used are creative and appreciative. Practicality is the combination of teaching and practice, allowing students to take the initiative to use their brains, attaching importance to both knowledge and training students' thinking; Effectiveness is to achieve better teaching effect and improve teaching efficiency with less teaching time. Initiative means that students should take the initiative to learn, actively participate in teaching activities and cooperate well with teachers and students. On the other hand, teaching methods should avoid the wrong "three natures". That is, the subjectivity of attaching importance to teaching and neglecting learning; Superficiality of knowing without thinking; The impulse to emphasize "irrigation" rather than interest.
4. Optimize the combination of teaching media.
The development of modern educational technology and the wide application of teaching media have promoted educational reform. The ideological and political course in middle schools, as a basic compulsory course for the comprehensive implementation of quality education system engineering, meets the requirements of the multimedia era, and the modernization of teaching methods and means is the inevitable trend of its reform and development.
(1) Principles of choosing teaching media.
1) principle of high efficiency. It means that under certain conditions, the maximum effect can be achieved in the least time, and the output of learning information per unit time can be increased by using modern teaching media.
2) The principle of timeliness. The timing of using teaching media is mainly determined according to the needs of teaching content and students' psychological state. The timing of using the media should be properly grasped; Focus on stimulating interest and focus on new ones.
Before the lecture; Give priority to "understanding" and "thinking training", and teach after class; Focus on "highlighting key points and breaking through difficulties" and put it in new teaching.
3) The principle of optimal combination. In classroom teaching, the realization of teaching objectives is generally achieved through the cooperation of various teaching media. Media combination must give full play to the advantages of various media and activate the communication activities between teachers and students according to the needs of teaching objectives and teaching contents.
(2) The ways and methods of organic combination of various media. There are many classification systems for teaching media. In the teaching of ideological and political courses, teaching media systems are usually divided into two categories: traditional teaching media and modern teaching media.
Traditional teaching media, also known as non-dynamic media, mainly includes teachers, print media and non-projection visual media, such as model teaching AIDS and wall charts.
Modern teaching media is also called dynamic media or audio-visual media. According to its physical characteristics, it can be divided into optical media, electroacoustic media and video media. According to its function and performance, it can be divided into audio-visual media, visual media, audio-visual media and audio-visual integrated multimedia. According to its application mode, it can be divided into:
Single media, system media and integrated media.
In the teaching of ideological and political courses in senior high schools, it is not only required to continue to play the role of traditional teaching media, but also to reasonably select and use modern teaching media to comprehensively improve the teaching quality of ideological and political courses in senior high schools.
5. Design formative evaluation
(1) formative evaluation. The traditional learning evaluation of subject courses is mostly based on summative evaluation, that is, at the end of the semester or school year, the students' learning results are evaluated (or scored or graded) through the final exam, and the evaluation results are used for further studies or graduation certificates. Formative evaluation is mainly a periodic and procedural evaluation accompanying the teaching process. Its main purpose is to check students' learning progress and provide feedback for teachers' teaching, so as to help teachers change, adjust and improve their own teaching, thus achieving the purpose of improving students' learning.
Formative evaluation is mainly a process evaluation, also known as process evaluation, which does not evaluate teaching work according to the predetermined results. Formative evaluation mainly refers to the specific problems to be solved and the general principles of scientific research, which serves to improve and perfect teaching itself. So these two evaluations are very different.
(2) Design the evaluation content according to the teaching objectives. The content of educational evaluation refers to the question of "what to evaluate". In order to better achieve the evaluation objectives, we must formulate specific and operable evaluation objectives according to the educational objectives and the characteristics of political disciplines. To implement the new political course teaching in senior high school and evaluate its educational effect, we can take knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values as the minimum first-level evaluation indicators, and then decompose the objectives step by step according to the teaching practice, and formulate second-level evaluation indicators, so as to make the evaluation content specific, clear and not vague, and avoid the misunderstanding of evaluation.
The above is the core of my work thought during this period.
You teach politics. . Can I see you? I am a liberal arts student in high school.
In 2022, the enrollment charter of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology has been published, which mainly includes the