I. Understanding and understanding of the scientific spirit
Cultivating students' scientific spirit must be based on a rational understanding of scientific spirit. What is scientific spirit? Scientific spirit mainly refers to the sum of values, ways of thinking and codes of conduct cultivated and accumulated by scientific subjects in long-term scientific activities. Its specific connotation can be summarized as: 1, and innovation on the basis of inheritance is the core content of scientific spirit; 2. Seeking truth from facts is the basic element of scientific spirit; 3. Dialectical doubt and critical consciousness are the inherent requirements of scientific spirit; 4. The spirit of cooperation is an important part of scientific spirit.
Second, the construction of scientific spirit connotation
Scientific spirit is the essence and soul of science, and it is indispensable for everyone, every country and every nation. In view of the relative lack of college students' scientific spirit, it is necessary to cultivate students' scientific spirit through subject teaching, and political teaching is an important position to cultivate students' scientific spirit. Because the education of scientific spirit is not only the education of students' scientific and cultural knowledge, but also the education of students' ideological and moral quality, and political science is the main channel of ideological and moral education for students and the main position for students to form a scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values. It is of great significance to cultivate students' scientific spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic, skeptical and critical, innovative and cooperative through political teaching. So, what kind of scientific spirit should be established in the teaching of political science? I think there should be the following points:
(A) let students have the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic. Seeking truth and being pragmatic is the primary feature of scientific spirit, which requires people to try their best to eliminate the influence and interference of subjective factors in cognitive activities. Even if we give full play to subjective initiative, we must strictly follow objective laws, so as to form a correct understanding.
Seeking truth and being pragmatic requires a correct way of thinking, but it is not just a matter of understanding. Whether we can really be realistic and pragmatic, we must also have good quality and noble moral character. The spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic embodies the cultivation characteristics of advocating science and being aboveboard, and is a noble character and personality. Therefore, in order to cultivate students' spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic, we should pay attention to cultivating students' character of seeking truth and being pragmatic in ideological and political teaching, and unify scientific truth with character truth. Otherwise, the lack of healthy quality and low moral character will inevitably deviate from the realm of scientific spirit and even go to the opposite side of scientific spirit.
Seeking truth from facts is not only a question of understanding and thinking method, but also a scientific question. Principles of Philosophy, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Principles of Political Science in the textbooks of political courses are scientific in content selection, structural arrangement and language selection. In the process of teaching, teachers can make full use of the advantages of teaching materials, tap the connotation of teaching materials, guide students to read and study teaching materials, make students appreciate their scientific and reasonable content, logical knowledge structure and accurate teaching materials language on the basis of mastering the basic knowledge of political science, and make students realize that political science and any subject knowledge are the crystallization of people's rigorous and realistic exploration. Learning political science knowledge, like learning any subject, requires a rigorous attitude of seeking truth and being pragmatic.
(B) Let students have the spirit of innovation. If the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic profoundly reflects people's exploration and respect for objective laws, then the spirit of innovation fully reflects the unique subjective initiative of human beings. Proceeding from reality and respecting objective laws does not mean sticking to the rules. The scientific spirit advocates innovative thinking and pioneering spirit, and encourages people to dare to "be unconventional" on the premise of respecting facts and laws. As Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "Sticking to the rules can only lead to backwardness and even failure."
Judging from the actual situation of politics teaching, the main form of classroom teaching is still the passive acceptance process of students from ignorance to knowledge and from incompleteness to completeness under the guidance of teachers. Undoubtedly, this is not conducive to the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and innovative thinking and ability. This requires teachers to pay attention to guiding students in the process of acquiring knowledge. Mr. Feng Youlan once made an analogy. Ordinary people's philosophy jumps in, and philosophers' views jump in. We might as well borrow it. There are also two modes of political teaching, in which a good teacher takes students in. The poor teacher pushed the students into the classroom. What this jump-in mode lacks is the process of knowledge acquisition. The process of knowledge generation plays an important role in the formation of students' knowledge structure and the improvement of thinking and reasoning ability. At the same time, in politics teaching, students should be guided to participate in the whole teaching process. In actual teaching, sometimes students' participation is only formal and meaningless. For example, let students answer or discuss questions that are not worth thinking about, and let students memorize some conclusions that lack practical significance. We can encourage students to participate in classroom teaching from the following five aspects: guiding students to find problems; Guide students to collect materials; Guide students to check and analyze; Guide students to make bold judgments; Check by various means. This is actually a complete process of scientific discovery. It is often helpful to cultivate students' innovative scientific spirit.
(3) Let students have critical spirit. Critical spirit is an important embodiment of scientific spirit. Without the critical spirit of doubt, all existing knowledge is regarded as absolute, which blocks the road of scientific progress, transcendence, development and innovation. There are two kinds of doubt and criticism, one is scientific doubt, and the other is non-scientific and anti-scientific doubt. The former is based on the source and test of practice, while the latter is based on subjective imagination without the test of practice, which is an epistemological relativism that denies objective truth.
In the teaching process of political lessons, teachers should guide students to realize that there is no ultimate truth in the face of scientific rationality and no arbitrary and absolute "authority" in understanding. Marx took "doubt everything" as his favorite motto in a questionnaire asked by his daughter. This kind of doubt is by no means a doubt in the sense of skepticism, but a doubt about the illusion of covering up the truth of things. Let students know that the process of doubt is the process of finding problems, and the spirit of doubt is a sword to break credulity and superstition and break the shackles of traditional concepts. Without it, it is easy to lead to blind credulity. In the process of integrating theory with practice, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to find the defects in textbooks and try to solve the shortcomings in textbooks, which is undoubtedly conducive to cultivating students not to be superstitious about authority and the scientific spirit of textbooks.
(D) Let students have humanistic spirit. Humanistic spirit is a concern about the meaning and value of human existence, and it is a kind of thought with people as the object and people as the subject, especially in philosophy, religion, education and art. Humanistic spirit is mainly embodied in the choice of life value and life practice of the subject, and explores and pursues the truth, goodness and beauty of human life from the perspective of consciousness. The main purpose of humanistic spirit is to explore and construct the life value in line with life and personality. It is a spirit of pursuing life rights, justice, interests, harmony and correctly handling interest relations and lifestyles, a spirit of pursuing humanitarianism, humanity, personality and promoting humanity, a spirit of caring for others and even the future of mankind, and a spirit of holding high life ideals and beliefs. Among them, the core content of humanistic spirit is life attitude and value choice. Its essential characteristics are shown in the following four aspects:
1. Humanistic spirit is a historical spirit. It is the product of human historical practice, which is produced, formed and gradually realized in the historical practice of human survival and development, and has had a great effect and influence on this era.
2. Humanistic spirit is a kind of cultural spirit. It is formed by the accumulation, condensation and gestation of excellent human culture, which embodies the spiritual character of human values, moral sentiments, ideals, personality and morality, and is the most fundamental spirit of the whole human culture, or the inner soul of the whole human cultural life.
3. Humanistic spirit is a rational spirit. It is not only a person's ability to use intelligence to understand and deal with reality, but also a person's ability to grasp himself, pay attention to people and free liberation. Culturally, it shows a rational attitude of subjective and conscious practice and active pursuit.
4. Humanistic spirit is a kind of practical spirit. Practice, as the main way of human existence, is the fundamental way of human existence. The fundamental difference between man and all other beings is that he can pursue and create his own "value" through his own practical activities.
We should combine the teaching content of political science with the connotation of humanistic spirit at will, so that students can learn both political knowledge and humanistic spirit. For example, when teaching Principles of Philosophy and An Introduction to Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we can penetrate the life, attitude, political opinions and contributions to society of great men such as Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.
(5) Let students have the spirit of cooperation. Scientific research is a social activity. With the deepening of scientific research activities and the development of science and technology, the cooperative spirit of mutual respect and humility has become an indispensable part of modern scientific spirit. In the teaching of political science, cooperative learning can cultivate students' cooperative spirit. This is because cooperative learning can promote the meaning construction of learning and promote students' high-level thinking and learning activities. Such activities need full cooperation, mutual communication, effective adjustment and division of labor between teachers and students in order to effectively complete the task. It can be seen that the teaching mode of "independence, cooperation and inquiry" can be adopted in every section of political science teaching, such as "reform and opening up is the only way to build socialism" and "the world is universally connected" to build and cultivate students' cooperative spirit.
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