The difference between information and data is that information refers to data with certain significance, or something that we human beings can directly understand. For example, short messages are messages, and letters are messages.
Data usually refers to the carrier of information, which is converted to facilitate storage and processing. For example, a large amount of information is stored in a computer in the form of binary data.
What is the basis of computer application? Information security involves the confidentiality, integrity, availability and controllability of information. Taken together, it is to ensure the effectiveness of electronic information. Secrecy is to resist the passive attack of opponents and ensure that information will not be leaked to unauthorized people. Integrity is to resist the opponent's active attack and prevent the information from being tampered with without authorization. Availability is to ensure that information and information systems are really used by authorized users. Controllability is the implementation of security monitoring on information and information systems.
You can borrow books from the library for the basic computer application exam in colleges and universities, and books for the basic computer courses can also be borrowed, that is, only some computers and some office software are tested.
College Computer Application Basic Help 1 lowercase letters >; Capital letters > numbers > select d in the space.
2 One byte can store 8 points, 24×24 grid * * has 576 points, and 10 24×24 grid has 5760 points, which requires 5760/8=720 bytes of storage space. Choose C.
B SQL is the database management system, DOS is the operating system, and Windows is the operating system.
4. Choosing C language is to feel the media barcode, which means that the media optical fiber is the transmission media.
Choose b from 5.
6 choose one
7 choose C.
Choose b from 8.
How to learn the basics of computer application in colleges and universities is mainly to teach you some basic knowledge of computers, such as how to boot, and some office software, such as word excel, which is easy to teach yourself.
University computer application foundation seeks the great god! 1, multiple choice questions
( 1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
⑸C
(6)B
(7)D
(8)C
(9)D
Step 2 fill in the blanks
(1) static random access memory, dynamic random access memory, read-only memory
(2) data bus, address bus and control bus
(3)CPU clock frequency, operation speed, word length and storage capacity
(4) Programs in computer systems and their documents.
(5) machine language, assembly language and high-level language
Is it difficult to apply basic computer in university? You mean windows, word, excel, powerpoint? These are absolutely not difficult. If it is vfp, vb, C++ programming, I think it is quite difficult, and I want to hit the wall occasionally!
To tell the truth, we learned the answer to the exercise of "Fundamentals of Computer Application in Universities" from Tsinghua University Publishing House, but the exercise was never done, and the teacher would give up. And ms speaks decimal, word, excel and ppt have no problems.
Answers to basic computer application exercises in colleges and universities are urgently needed.
(×) 1. The first electronic computer was developed for commercial application.
The main component of the first generation electronic computer is transistor.
(√) 3. Microcomputer is the product of the fourth generation computer.
(×) 4. The information unit "bit" refers to decimal bits.
(×) 5.ASCII code is an 8-bit code, so an ASCII code can be represented by one byte.
(√) 6. Arithmetic units can perform not only arithmetic operations, but also logical operations.
(√) 7. Computers cannot directly run programs written in high-level languages.
8. The most important system software is operating system.
(√) 9. The principle of "stored program" is the mathematician Feng? Neumann proposed it.
10。 Computer viruses are automatically generated after long-term use of computers.
Second, multiple choice questions
1. The first electronic computer can complete about (c) addition operations per second.
A.50 years ago, 500 years ago, 5000 years ago and 50000 years later
2. The main component of the second generation electronic computer is (B).
A. electron tube B. transistor C. small-scale integrated circuit D. large-scale integrated circuit
3. The generation of microcomputers is classified according to (c).
A. volume B. speed C. microprocessor D. memory
4. Manage the borrowing and returning of books in the library by computer. This computer application belongs to (b).
A. Scientific calculation B. Information management C. Real-time control D. Artificial intelligence
5. The following decimal number (b) can be accurately represented by binary number.
A. 1. 15 b . 1.25 c . 1.35d . 1.45
6. In the computer, 1KB is equal to (a).
A. 1024 b . 1204 b c . 1402 b d . 1240 b
7.CPU to ROM( B).
A. readable and writable B. read-only C. write-only D. unreadable and writable
8. The following does not belong to the computer input device is (D).
A. mouse B. keyboard C. scanner D. floppy disk
9. The following does not belong to the computer output equipment is (c).
A. Monitor B. Printer C. Scanner D. Plotter
10. Computer viruses can replicate themselves, which is a feature of computer viruses.
A. Infectious B. Latency C. Concealment D. Harmfulness
Third, fill in the blanks
1. The name of the first electronic computer was ENIAC, which was born in 1946.
2. Microcomputer consists of microprocessor, memory and input/output interface components.
3. The decimal number of12.625 is1101,the octal number is 14.5, and the hexadecimal number is C.A.
Octal number 1234.567 is converted into decimal number 668.7242 1875 and binary number1011006.
5. The ASCII code of the number 0 is 0 1 10000. Binary decimal is equal to 48, and the ASCII code of the letter A is 1 10000 1. Binary decimal is equal to 97, and the ASCII code of the letter A is 1000.
6. Computer system consists of hardware system and software system.
7. Computer languages include machine language, assembly language and high-level language.
8. The abbreviation of central processing unit is CPU, which consists of arithmetic unit and controller.
9. The mouse can be divided into mechanical mouse, photoelectric mouse and optical mouse according to its working principle.
10. Common printers include needle printers, inkjet printers and laser printers.
Fourth, question and answer.
1. What is the trend of computer development?
A: (1) Giant. Giant refers to a super-giant computer with high development speed, large storage capacity and strong functions.
(2) miniaturization. Miniaturization refers to the development of microcomputers with small size, low power consumption, flexibility and convenience.
(3) networking. Networking refers to connecting computers distributed in different places through communication lines to form a large-scale and powerful network system, which can collect and transmit information flexibly and conveniently and enjoy computer resources such as hardware, software and data.
(4) intelligence. Intelligence refers to the development of computers with human intelligence.
2. What kinds of computers does 2.IEEE classify?
A: IEEE classifies computers into six categories: supercomputers, small supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations and personal computers.
3. What are the characteristics of computers?
A: (1) automaticity. Except for input and output operations, the computer does not need human intervention when working.
(2) rapidity. The computer is very fast.
(3) universality. Computers can be used in various fields.
(4) Reliability. This computer will run for a long time without trouble.
4. What are the application fields of computers?
A: Scientific calculation, information management, real-time control, office automation, production automation, artificial intelligence, network communication and other fields.
5. What is the coding standard of Chinese characters? What are their characteristics?
Answer: (1)GB 23 12-80. GB 23 12-80 issued by the National Bureau of Standards is a simplified Chinese character code, including graphic symbols (682 serial number, Chinese character tabs, Japanese and Russian letters, etc. ) and commonly used Chinese characters (6763, including 3755 first-class Chinese characters and 3008 second-class Chinese characters).
(2) Da -5. Da-5 code is a traditional Chinese character coding scheme popular in Taiwan Province Province of China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, commonly known as "Da-5 code". It is not a legal coding scheme, but it is widely used in the computer industry, especially in the Internet, thus becoming a de facto industry standard. The Big Five Code contains 1346 1 symbols and Chinese characters, including 408 symbols and 13053 Chinese characters. Chinese characters are divided into two parts: common words and sub-common words. Each part of Chinese characters is arranged by strokes/radicals, including 540 1 common words and 7652 sub-common words.
(3) GBK .GBK is an extension of GB23 12-80, which is compatible with GB23 12-80, that is, any Chinese character in GB23 12-80 has the same coding as GBK. GBK*** received 2 1886 Chinese characters and graphic symbols, including 2 1003 Chinese characters (including radicals) and 883 graphic symbols. Microsoft has adopted GBK coding since the simplified Chinese version of Windows 95.
6. What parts does the computer hardware system include? What software does the computer system software include?
A: Computer hardware includes five parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.
A computer software system consists of system software and application software. System software includes operating system, database management system, language processing program, utility program, etc.
7. What are the important indicators of 7.CPU, memory, DVD, monitor and graphics card?
A: Main CPU indicators: main frequency and word length.
Main indicators of memory: storage capacity and access speed.
Main indicators of hard disk: interface, capacity, speed and cache.
Main indicators of display: size, resolution, dot spacing, scanning mode and refresh frequency.
Main indicators of graphics card: number of colors, graphic resolution and display memory capacity.
8. What is multimedia technology? What are the characteristics of multimedia technology?
A: Multimedia refers to the integration of graphics, images, audio, video and other media. What is multimedia technology when processing information with multimedia? Multimedia technology has three characteristics: the diversity of carriers, the interactivity of use and the integration of systems.
9. What is a computer virus? What are its characteristics? What are the categories?
A: Computer virus is a malicious program with infectious function. It is procedural, contagious, latent, hidden and harmful. Computer viruses can be roughly divided into five categories: boot viruses, file viruses, macro viruses, script viruses and worms.
10. What are the symptoms of computer infection? What preventive measures can be taken?
A: Computer viruses usually have the following symptoms:
? The startup or running speed of the system obviously slows down for no reason.
? The system crashes for no reason or an error message appears.
? Some programs in the system can't run normally for no reason.
? Some new files appear in the system for no reason.
? Disk reading and writing are unreasonably slow.
? Some files will grow automatically for no reason.
? The document cannot be opened for no reason, or the content has been changed for no reason.
? There are screens or prompts that have nothing to do with the operation.
? The horn sounded for no reason.
Computer common preventive measures are:
? Don't run programs from unknown sources.
? Do not open document files from unknown sources.
? Don't open email attachments from unknown sources.
? Don't copy files from public computers.
? Don't open websites that don't know the details.
? When reading floppy disks on other computers, write protection should be turned on.
? Back up important programs or files in time.
? When using foreign programs or documents, check whether there are drugs before use.
? Install antivirus software, update virus database frequently, and turn on virus monitoring function.
? Pay attention to whether the system is abnormal, and often check the system with anti-virus software.
This is the first chapter, isn't it?
What do you usually take in the computer examination of college computer application foundation? Word, EXCEL, POWER POINT, and web page making are all the most basic.
Freshman has just finished the exam, and it should all be the same.