University: The university discusses the basic issues of Confucianism and comprehensively expounds the political ethics of Confucianism. "University" links the Confucian adult learning, points out the feasible steps and ultimate goal of adults, and focuses on the Confucian political thought of "being sage inside and king outside".

Doctrine of the Mean: Based on the idea of "harmony between man and nature", the doctrine of the mean is expounded by repeatedly emphasizing internal and external relations. In The Doctrine of the Mean, it is said that "loyalty and forgiveness are not far from violating the Tao". "Loyalty and forgiveness" is to cultivate and examine the inner "middle", and "forgiveness" is to solve the moral behavior of "middle" in the long run. The Doctrine of the Mean holds that moral cultivation should first start with "cautious independence" that people have never seen before, and "introspection without guilt" to achieve the internal purpose. The inner "zhong" and the outer "zhong" are unified, which is called "the way of combining inside and outside" in The Doctrine of the Mean. "Reaching zhong" can not only make the monarch, minister and son get their places, but also make everything in the universe get their places. This is the great function of the golden mean, so it is called the golden mean.