With the development of history and the progress of academic research, more detailed explanations of classics and ancient notes appeared, which were called Yijing and developed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius and others wrote the Five Classics, which was presided over by the court, so it was called the Five Classics. These five books are Zhouyi Justice, Shangshu Justice, Mao Shi Justice, Book of Rites Justice and Chunqiu Zuozhuan Justice. In addition, Jia in the Tang Dynasty also wrote books, calligraphy, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram and Biography of the Spring and Autumn Valley by Yang Shixun. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sun Xuan wrote The Analects of Confucius, Er Shu Ya, Xiao Jingshu and Mencius Shu. Generally speaking, the sparseness of Tang people was summarized from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, while that of Xing Bing of Song people was summarized from the sparseness of Tang people, which had an earlier source and basis. Mencius was not among the "Classics" originally, and it was not until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty that Wang Anshi officially joined the ranks of Classics. When Huizong was in the Northern Song Dynasty, Chengdu Shijing joined Mencius, and a complete "Thirteen Classics" appeared for the first time. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the original form of people's prose is that the classics and ancient annotations are incomplete, and only "so-and-so to so-and-so" is suggested at the beginning of each prose. For example, in the first section of Guanju, it is said that Guanju is very good first, and then it is sparse, omitting the words of Guanju. Historically, this kind of writing was called "single sparse edition".
About the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was another way to interpret the classics, which was called "sound and meaning". Mainly the phonetic notation and interpretation of difficult words. Whether the phonetic notation is inverted or positive. This "sound and meaning" is probably developed under the influence of the sound and meaning of Buddhist scriptures. It is very helpful for reading classics. There are a lot of sounds and meanings in the existing Buddhist scriptures, and some people have specially compiled them into all sounds and meanings. For example, Shi Huilin and Shi Xuan Ying in the Tang Dynasty have both classics, sounds and meanings. The sound and meaning of Confucian classics is a book written by Lu Deming in Sui Dynasty, which can be said to be a collection of sound and meaning. It includes not only the sound and meaning of Confucian classics determined at that time, but also the sound and meaning of two Taoist classics, Laozi and Zhuangzi. Classic Annotations not only preserved a large number of phonetic notes and annotations from the Six Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, but also preserved classics and ancient annotations of different texts, which has extremely important academic value. Er Ya, Xiao Jing and Mencius have the sound and meaning of the Song people, and they are also worthy of attention. In particular, Sun Xuan's Mencius Sound and Meaning made up for the lack of sound and meaning system and was paid attention to in Qing Dynasty. Later generations called "sound and meaning" as "interpretation" because most of the classic sound and meaning can be found in the classic interpretation.
Generally speaking, by the Northern Song Dynasty, the four components of the Thirteen Classics, namely, scriptures, ancient annotations, exegesis and interpretation, had been formed. Song people had a new interpretation of Confucian Classics, especially the interpretation of Zhu Cheng system. Later, the Five Classics and Four Books were formed. Annotations are a brand-new look. We learn from them, but there are also many new ideas. The annotations of the Five Classics and Four Books are: The Original Meaning of Zhouyi, The Collection of Books by the God of Wealth in Song Dynasty, The Collection of Poetry, The Book of Rites by Yuan Dynasty, The Biography of Spring and Autumn Period by Hu Anguo in Song Dynasty, The Collection of Annotations on the Analects of Confucius, The Collection of Annotations on Mencius and Song Zhuxi's University. Some of the Book of Changes are accompanied by Cheng Yi's Biography of the Book of Changes. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it was very popular and gradually became the standard of imperial examinations. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, most people who study Confucianism are based on the Five Classics and Four Books annotated by Zhu et al. The annotation of Han and Tang dynasties is called "ancient learning"
Because of the incomplete annotation of scripture and ancient times, reading is inconvenient. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, there appeared the classics, annotations and sparseness of engraving, which was later called "annotation and sparseness". The publisher is Shaoxing's Tea and Salt Division of East Zhejiang Road in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty. The Book of Rites Justice handed down from generation to generation has the postscript of Fuzhou native Huang Tang, and it is very important to mention the tea and salt department of East Zhejiang Road at that time: "The Six Classics speak for themselves, and the Shu book contains notes, chapters are scattered, and guests are ill. The division's old periodicals, Yi, Shu and Zhou Li, have been carefully annotated to see a book, which is easy to interpret and unique. In the middle of 1911, Shao Xi, a Tang Dynasty, used Shi Mao and The Book of Rites to simplify the meaning. For example, in the first three warp knitting sessions, he refined the trimmings and used trimmings, which caught his predecessors off guard. However, if Chunqiu is published, Gu Li has no leisure, and Gu Yi is a comrade. In the autumn and August, Sanshanhuang knows. " Huang Tang made it very clear that lettering is for convenience. The scripture of this system has half a page and eight lines, and the characters are relatively large, which is called "eight-line script". There are Zhouyi, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. Among them, Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period and Zuo Zhuan were printed by Shaoxing government, but the layout was the same and obviously matched. The single sparse edition published in the Northern Song Dynasty was still reprinted in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are printed editions or notes handed down from generation to generation, including Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shi Mao, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Li Ji, Ram and Erya.
In this book center in Fujian in the Southern Song Dynasty, there also appeared a combined edition of Confucian classics, ancient annotations and exegesis, which was called "annotated edition" or "annotated edition". One of the more famous is the Wanjuan Hall carved by Yu. There is also Kong Anguo's note on Shangshu carved by Jian 'an Wang. There is a sign at the end of the preface to Shangshu, which reads: "The Five Classics have been published many times, but few people can proofread them. Today's top scholar, Chen Gong, should carefully proofread and participate in the interpretation of voices so as to study in depth in the future. A detailed study of stone symbols. Jian 'an Qiantang Wang Peng Consulting. "This shows the necessity of classic interpretation. Furthermore, a book with classics, ancient notes, explanations and sparse articles appeared. This combination engraving is based on the combination engraving of annotation characters, and "single sparse" is added. This kind of classic, annotation, interpretation and combination edition is famous for Liu Shugang's ten-line edition. There is Zhai Wei's Annotation of Shangshu carved in wei county, Fujian. In this moment book center in Meishan, Sichuan, there are also classics, annotations, interpretations and sparse copies of the Analects of Confucius.
The combination of annotations and annotations is for the convenience of reading. In this regard, Zhu said in his letter "Xu Renzhong" that "Biography of Jingchuan" is difficult to read. Today, it's just that the classics are not divided into chapters, but the annotations are each a book, which readers can't understand. Set this book for today and do all these disadvantages. "(Ruan Yuan's Notes on the Book of Rites is quoted, but the text is slightly different. ) Zhu believes that Zhu Jing Ben and Rare Ben are books respectively, which is a kind of "malady". When he combines them, he will "get rid of the disadvantages". In fact, the combination of scripture, ancient annotation, interpretation and sparse interpretation is very similar to the "centralized interpretation" since the Qing Dynasty. This kind of centralized interpretation has existed since ancient times. The Annotations to the Analects of Confucius and Yan Shigu's Annotations to Hanshu are both called "centralized interpretation". It's natural and easy to find too many old notes, and it's easy to read them when they are collected. It is worth noting that the combination of classics, ancient annotations, hermeneutics and sparse essays is precisely the combination of "ancient studies" and a self-contained annotation besides the new annotations of Song people. When talking about Confucian classics, later scholars often take the notes of Thirteen Classics as the basis, while Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties is generally based on the Five Classics and Four Books. On the surface, it is still these books, but in fact the annotations belong to two camps. Ruan Yuan, one of the representatives of Ganjia School in Qing Dynasty, said: "Scholars should start with Confucian classics, and Confucian classics should start with annotations. His position obviously belongs to the study of ancient Chinese classics. In fact, most of the classics read by scholars come from the Five Classics and the Four Books. Only by understanding this background can we understand that Ruan Yuan's ci represents a genre, rather than the common sense recognized at that time.
In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Xueren emphasized "ancient learning" and made more in-depth comments on the Thirteen Classics, which eventually condensed into a system called "New Notes on the Thirteen Classics of Qing Dynasty". Among them, Li Daoping's Interpretation of Zhouyi Collection, Liu Baonan's Annotations on the Ancient Poems of Shangshu, Mao's Annotations on Poems, Sun Yirang's Justice of Etiquette and Law, Hu Peihui's Annotations on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, Liu Baonan's Justice of the Analects of Confucius and Some New Ideas are all missing. Obviously, these "new theories" come from the old annotations of the Thirteen Classics, and their interpretation has made great progress, but the basic line is the development of "ancient literature", which is still opposite to Zhu's annotations to the Five Classics and Four Books. Therefore, as far as the annotation of Confucian classics is concerned, there are still two camps. Let's just use the old names, namely "Sinology" and "Song Studies". The notes of Thirteen Classics are basically the representatives of Chinese studies.
During the period from Kangxi to Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the imperial court organized scholars to compile seven imperial books, such as Book of Changes Compromise, Book Records Legends, Book of Songs Legends, Spring and Autumn Legends, Zhou Shu, Book of Changes and Book of Changes. Its main idea is not to specialize in Song studies, but to learn from the strengths of Han and Song, hoping that Han and Song would merge. During the Qianlong period, the provinces were ordered to reprint, and after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there were also reprinted books in various places, which were passed down from generation to generation, but not necessarily many readers. This road of the confluence of Han and Song Dynasties seems to be unworkable now.
From a modern point of view, on the whole, Sinology pays more attention to the system of exegesis of famous things, while Song Studies pays more attention to ideas, with great differences in ways of thinking and points of interest. It has no academic basis of "confluence" and belongs to a "complementary" relationship. Of course, you can't "combine into one", but that doesn't mean you can't "have both". Wu, Dong and Anhui Dai Zhen, the representatives of Sinology in Qing Dynasty, all advocated "the simultaneous rule of the two Song Dynasties".
Since Notes to Thirteen Classics is the representative of "Ancient Learning", it is particularly important to sort out the research work. Among them, the important basic work of "finishing" work is finishing.
The main task of collating is, of course, to determine the right and wrong of different texts and form a text with fewer errors. In the Tang Dynasty, Yan Shigu and others revised the Five Classics and formed the final edition of the Five Classics. This kind of works, Xiping Book of Songs and Kaicheng Book of Songs (including twelve kinds of classics), published and engraved by Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the order of the imperial court are both "final versions" of the same nature. In order to determine the classic Chinese characters, the Tang Dynasty also compiled the Five Classics and Nine Classics. When commenting on Confucian Classics, Zheng Xuan pointed out that modern prose is different from ancient prose, leaving valuable historical materials. After the Five Dynasties, Shu carved stones in Chengdu to learn from the scriptures, and it was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that it was called Shu Shijing. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Chao was an official in Sichuan. He used the Book of Songs by imperial academy University and found that the characters were different. For example, The Analects of Confucius quoted a corner against the triangle, and The Book of Songs quoted a corner against the triangle. Wait a minute. Some right and wrong can't be determined at the moment, so they wrote "Textual Research on the Stone Classics", which was engraved on the stone tablet and stood beside the Shu Stone Classics, but it was a pity that it was lost. In history, the collation of Confucian classics and ancient annotations has been continuous and has achieved fruitful results. In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhang Erqi collated the Book of Rites, which was popular in imperial academy, the capital of the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli period, and found many missing articles and typos, and wrote Li Yi Jian Ben Zheng Shu. He also found that there was something wrong with the Book of Songs in Kaicheng, which was wrongly written as Li Yi's Poems. This gave Gu great inspiration, and he also copied a copy and took it to Shaanxi. After Gu arrived in an 'an, he saw Kai Jing, so he collated the Notes on Thirteen Classics according to the rubbings, and copied Jiu Jing by mistake, which was more extensive than Zhang Erqi's collation. In Rizhilu, he criticized the North Bamboo Slips for "particularly serious mistakes" and cited five examples of taking off the text, one of which was "giving Sui". Mu Ci said, "It is not enough to be polite without teaching." . He lamented that "Qin Huo did not die, but died at the moment of supervision."
Notes on Thirteen Classics in Qing Dynasty was comprehensively collated by Wuyingtang in the early years of Qianlong. This edition of Notes to Thirteen Classics is beautifully printed. For the first time, it is complete in four aspects: classics, ancient notes, explanations and sparse texts. Each volume is accompanied by "textual research", that is, collation notes, to discuss the similarities and differences between some words In the middle and late Qianlong period, the Sikuquanshu was revised, and the thirteen classics were copied from Wuying Temple, but they were collated according to the old edition and further supplemented with "textual research", which made some progress compared with the temple edition. During the Jiaqing period, Ruan Yuan was the governor of Jiangxi. According to the Thirteen Classics of Ming Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, he re-engraved a set of notes on the Thirteen Classics, and each volume was accompanied by more detailed collation, which was called "Nanchang edition", "Nanchang edition" or "Ruan". Because many famous scholars participated in the collating work, this edition received extensive attention. From then to now, Ruan Benyuan is an authoritative version and the most commonly used version by scholars. It is difficult to count all kinds of reprints.
However, Ruan is not perfect. For example, people value his collation, which has some shortcomings. The comments in Records of the Day criticizing the loss of the text of the book "Yili" in Wanli Beijian are directly quoted by the Summary of Notes on Yili in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu. Ruan Yuan carved this Summary of Book of Rites in front of Nanchang to let the world know that the copy of Wanli Beijian is not refined. However, Ruan Yuan's Annotation to the Book of Rites did not point out the lack of five paragraphs in the Book of Rites of the Northern Bamboo Slips, but only pointed out the lack of five paragraphs in the Book of Rites of the Jiguge edition of Jin Mao in the late Ming Dynasty. Jiguge's manuscript is later than Beijian's manuscript and originated from Beijian's manuscript. So, of course, Qijiage's manuscript is originally the manuscript of Beijian, and it is impossible to point out that "Mao Bentuo" is the fundamental reason. We further collated the book Yi Li's Annotation and Shu Shu in Li Yuanyang's Annotation to the Thirteen Classics of Ming Jiajing, and found that these five paragraphs were also missing, as was the book Chen Fengwu's Annotation and Shu Shu in Yi Li, which was earlier than Li Yuanyang's. Therefore, although Ruan Yuan's proofreading is not in place, Gu's criticism of the North Bamboo Slips has failed to find the root of the mistake. A further study of the single sparse version of Li Yishu, a king's engraving in Qing Dynasty, reveals that there are no sparse versions of these five poems. In other words, Jia did not neglect to study these five poems in Tang Dynasty. Gu believes that the loss of the Five Classics is the responsibility of the Northern Supervisor, lamenting that "Qin fire did not die, but died in the supervisor's engraving", and failed to understand the root of the error. Because these five poems were not omitted by Jia at first, they did not "die". As we said above, Shan Shu Shu has no classics and ancient notes. Later generations supplemented the classics and ancient notes on the basis of the single sparse edition. It is very likely that when Chen sorted out the classics, ancient notes and sparse books of Yili in the middle of Ming Dynasty, these five poems were not sparse, which led to the omission of enough poems. If we don't proofread each edition, these questions will be unclear and we will come to the wrong conclusion. From this example, we can find that the task of collating has two functions besides finding and correcting mistakes, that is, judging the quality of the version and sorting out the source of the version.
The above-mentioned Chen Fengwu's edition, Li Yuanyang's edition, and Bei Jian's edition were all seen and used by Ruan Yuan, but they were not reflected in the collation. There is also a single sparse book, which was also used by Ruan Yuan. These sparse books don't exist at all, and Ruan Yuan didn't explain them in his collating notes. This is all "absence from class". The result of this is to mislead readers and think that the gross book is extremely poor. In fact, Gu also misled the readers, thinking that Beijian was extremely poor. These are not exact answers. In addition to "missing school", there are some ancient books that Ruan Yuan didn't see at that time, such as the single-sparse version of Zhouyi Zhengyi, the eight-line version of Zhouyi Zhushu, the single-sparse version of Shangshu Zhushu, the eight-line version of Zhai Wei in Song and Wei Counties, the Mongolian version, the eight-line version of the Book of Rites Justice, the ten-volume version of The Analects of Confucius, and the annotated version of Zhushu. Therefore, the proofreading quality is limited. This is an ancient book. Ruan Yuan probably didn't pay much attention to Ganlong Wuying Temple, which was close to Ruan Yuan time and didn't arrange it, because he didn't learn its advantages well. For example, under the section "Where there are 2,500 troops" in Volume 28 of Zhou Li Note, Xia Guan Sima and Ruan have a small note: "There are seven sides missing". These seven words, Eight Lines in the Southern Song Dynasty, Qingganlong Wuyingtang, are: "Joining the army is a teacher." Ruan Yuan doesn't have these seven words in his book, and he won't add them. However, Wuying Hall has been inferred from the governor's notes and supplemented. These seven words added in the classic edition are consistent with the eight-line edition of the Southern Song Dynasty, and have been adopted by Sun Yirang's Justice of Rites of Zhou (refer to the Notes on the Sound and Meaning of Rites of Zhou by Fujimori of Jian Ye), which is very valuable. It is an objective difficulty that Ruan Yuan has never seen the Eight-line Edition of the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the Wuying Hall is close at hand, but there is no school, which makes it impossible to correct these seven words, and only notes the "missing seven squares" in the original text, which cannot be said to be a mistake. Until today, the engraving of the Wuying Hall in Qianlong has rarely attracted the attention of ancient book collating workers. In view of these reasons, it is necessary to further improve the collation of the notes on the Thirteen Classics. This is the academic reason for planning the school of annotation of thirteen classics.
As mentioned above, the Notes to the Thirteen Classics includes four major contents: scriptures, ancient notes, exegesis and sparse texts. In the past, the collation results were mainly concentrated in classics, ancient annotations and exegesis, and the collation was relatively weak. Due to the large scale of collating work, according to preliminary statistics, Li Yuanyang's edition and Wu Yingtang's edition of Notes to Thirteen Classics are all over 1 1000 pages. There are at least three versions of the notes on the Thirteen Classics in history (less than the Thirteen Classics in the early days): the single edition of the Southern Song Dynasty, the eight-line edition of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ten-line edition of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ten-line edition of the Yuan Dynasty, the Fujian edition of the Ming Jiajing Li Yuanyang, the imperial academy edition of the Ming Wanli Beijing, the Golden Haired Chicken Bone Pavilion edition of the Ming Chongzhen, the five-hall edition of Qingganlong, and the four-library edition of Qingganlong. There are also single carvings. Roughly speaking, there are 654.38+ten thousand pages in total. Verify all the facts. If the colonel is not clean, he will miss the school and miss the school. There must be two schools and three schools. Three times is 300,000 pages. A graduate student can proofread 10 pages after working for four hours every day, which is more than 3,000 pages a year and more than 30,000 pages in ten years. For 300,000 pages, it needs 10 students to proofread 10 years. It is estimated that it will take another five years to synthesize a collating book, that is, a collating book. 15 years, which is not allowed under the current situation. If we further expand the scope of collation and add vernacular (annotated) versions, annotated versions and other versions of the system, the workload will further increase, and its feasibility will be questioned. The way of learning is detailed by others and slightly detailed by others. I am ambitious, ambitious, but only haste makes waste, and ambition is hard to pay. Therefore, the more practical scheme is to limit the collation scope to the "sparse annotation" version system with weak preliminary work. According to the above estimation, if the number of people increases from 10 to 15, then 10 becomes seven years. If you are proficient, everyone will not only proofread 10 pages every day, but also increase it to 15 pages, which will shorten it to 5 years. Plus the time to synthesize a collation, it can be completed in 8 years. From the procedural point of view, if everyone starts to proofread an annotation of Shangshu together and make joint efforts, it can be completed in 200 days and published first. On the one hand, we explore experience, on the other hand, we also solicit opinions from academic circles, and at the same time, we also cheer up the team and maintain a mental state. In this way, it is feasible to collate Zhouyi Zhushu and Shi Mao Zhushu and publish them for the second time.
Each volume of Ruan Yuan's Annotation of the Thirteen Classics is accompanied by Ruan Yuan's collation, and the textual research of Ganlong Wuying Temple is also attached to the Annotation of the Thirteen Classics. Our "knowing how to teach" should also be attached to the text of the Notes to the Thirteen Classics. So, which version is suitable for us to "copy"?
A version suitable for "Basic Edition" should meet the following conditions: 1. There are 13 kinds of books. Second, there are classics, notes, explanations and sparseness. Third, there are few typos. There are not many versions with these three conditions in history. There are only a few kinds of single-sparse, eight-line and ten-line editions in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Ming version of the Yuan Dynasty lacked etiquette notes, half of which were supplemented by the Ming Dynasty, with many typos and some pages with "ink block" missing words. Jiajing Li Yuanyang originally published the Yuan and Ming editions, but most of the missing words were not filled in. Not suitable for cooperation. The North Sword Edition is a complete official edition, with fewer typos than the previous edition. The version of Chicken Bone Pavilion, which is later than Beijian Edition, is not suitable because the school magazine is inaccurate and has more typos than Beijian Edition. The Wuying Hall in Qianlong was originally carved in the original edition of Northern Bamboo Slips, which corrected some mistakes, added textual research and supplemented sound and meaning (mainly the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, the Book of Filial Piety and Erya). In fact, it is the first time in history that it has formed a complete classic, annotated, sparse and explained work. It is also the first time to add sentence reading (punctuating sentences with small circles like periods) to all annotated articles. Hanlin's ability to break sentences is not worse than that of today, or even stronger, so he dare not say that there is nothing wrong with breaking sentences, but not much. This book is well carved and suitable for photocopying. From these advantages, the classic edition is very suitable as a "base edition". Unfortunately, when the classic edition was published, academicians edited the original work. For example, the sparse text explaining the title of an article (such as Guan Ju) is moved from each article to the front of each warp, and the suggestive text "so-and-so to so-and-so" in front of each sparse text is deleted. In some places, because the tips were deleted, the text was unclear, and the organizers of Ganlong Hall Edition added some tips again. There are still a few places where articles citing his book are sparse and incomplete, and they are supplemented. Therefore, to some extent, it has changed the face of the annotation of thirteen classics which is not advocated in collating. Later, Sikuquanshu completely followed this format. In this way, the temple book is not suitable as a "basic book".
The only ones left are Bei Jianben and Ruan. Ruan Yuan's version is very common, and each volume is accompanied by "collation notes". If it is regarded as a "copy", Ruan's "proofreading" cannot be deleted, otherwise it will not be a complete Ruan's copy. If we keep Ruan's proofreading notes, it is meaningful to add "can teach" to Ruan's proofreading notes. Moreover, our "Huixiao" was originally aimed at the imperfection of Ruan Yuan's student status, and some problems found in future "Huixiao" were often aimed at Ruan Yuan, so it is difficult to avoid the trouble of "roommates". Therefore, there are some inconveniences in Ruan Ben's The Original. As a last resort, we have to choose Wanli Beijian as the background book.
The advantage of Wanli North Bamboo Slips is that they follow the rules and regulations, and the layout of classics, notes, explanations and sparseness follows the old style of Fujian Ten-line Scripts in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is consistent with Ming Xiuben, Li Yuanyang Ben, Qijiage Ben and Ruan. Easy to compare with each other. Then there is Thirteen Books of Northern Bamboo Slips, which is relatively complete, with fewer missing words and fewer mistakes than the Ming edition published in Yuan Dynasty, the previous Li Yuanyang edition and the later Ji Gu Pavilion edition. Therefore, it has the basic conditions to be selected as the background.
Of course, there are also some imperfections in the Northern Bamboo Slips, that is, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and The Book of Filial Piety have no sound meaning, and Er Ya replaces Lu Deming's interpretation with Er Ya Yin of the Song Dynasty. The annotation of Zhouyi is not scattered in the text, but attached to the text independently. The Ming version, Li Yuanyang version, Jiguge version and Ruan Yuan version are also in this format. The remedy is to attach the sounds and meanings of Lun, Meng, Xiaojing and Erya left by the people of Tang and Song Dynasties to the ancient books when copying the copy of Beijian. This is the last resort. Reading sentences in classic books is a great scientific research achievement. We decided to transfer the sentence reading of the classic to Beijian when copying Beijian edition for readers' reference. At the same time, it also avoids picking sentences and breaking sentences when we proofread. As for the occasional omissions (whether they should be added or not) and the mistakes in temple reading, we will not correct them to show caution and win people's trust. If we make changes, we can't correct them all, we can't guarantee that we won't make new mistakes, and we can't explain the changes everywhere. I will tell readers later: "We have corrected the mistakes and omissions of the readers in the temple." The reader will ask, "What have you changed? Is it correct? " There is more room for imagination. So we decided not to change it and keep it the same.
The basic features we will teach are roughly understood: All the texts of the Notes of the Thirteen Classics are photocopied in the block-printed edition of imperial academy in Wanli, plus the sentence reading of the Qianlong Palace. After each copy, there is a printed copy of Huijiao. In addition to listing all the different editions, Hui Xiao also attached previous collation results, such as Zhang Erqi's Jian Ben Zheng Er, Gu's Nine Classics Errors, textual research on Dian Ben, Kuben Ben, Ruan Yuan's textual research, and Sun Yirang's Notes on Thirteen Classics. , for readers' reference.
The notes of the Thirteen Classics have the following functions: First, it is conducive to further textual research on the right and wrong of the text, correcting mistakes, and sorting out popular readers of the notes of the Thirteen Classics with fewer mistakes. Secondly, with the help of different texts, it is helpful to investigate the complex rheological relationship between the versions of the Thirteen Classics in history. Third, it is beneficial to evaluate the merits and demerits of the printing and annotation project of Thirteen Classics as a major cultural activity in history. The fact is that Ge's books are often better than other books even if they are not highly rated. The efforts and contributions of these sages, even if they are verbatim, should not be buried. Without careful and comprehensive collation, we can't give the answers to these academic questions. Fourthly, there are many variants in Notes to Thirteen Classics, including variants, vulgar words, incorrect words and taboo words. In scholars' opinion, these variants may not be helpful to the textual research and understanding of Confucian classics, but they are helpful to the study of the usage of classical texts in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. At present, the General Administration of Press and Publication is engaged in the "China Chinese Character Library Project", which cleans up the characters used in the documents of past dynasties and digitizes the different characters of Chinese characters. According to the preliminary estimation of relevant literature, there are 300 thousand words in regular script alone. We believe that the Notes to the Thirteen Classics is of full reference significance in clearing up the variant characters and common characters in various texts of the Notes to the Thirteen Classics in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Therefore, Huijiao is not only of direct help to the study of Confucian classics and the history of Confucian classics, but also of high academic value in edition, publishing history, collation and philology.