robinson crusoe
Robinson Crusoe, the cover of Robinson Crusoe (also translated as Robinson Crusoe, literally translated as Robinson Crusoe), was the first novel written by daniel defoe at the age of 59. It was first published on April 25th, 2009 with the number 1765438. This novel is considered to be the first novel written in English as a diary and enjoys the title of the first realistic novel in Britain. Please see the wonderful album title: Robinson Crusoe, also known as Robinson Crusoe Author: (English) daniel defoe's original name: Robinson Crusoe Translator: Zhu Jiayi ISBN: 978756 1348604 Category: Books > > Chinese reading pages: 286 Pricing: 22.00 Press: Shaanxi Normal University Press. 1 binding: paperback format: 16 format: 24 1000 sheets: offset paper printing times: 60.
The author's life in translation: the wonderful reading background of the novel; Appreciation of reading experience; Analysis of the first reading experience; Analysis of the second work; A translated version of the author's life; Wonderful reading experience; Appreciation of the first reading experience; Analysis of the second work.
Defoe daniel defoe (daniel defoe 1660— 173 1), the author's life story, is a British writer and pamphlet author. As a representative writer of English desert island literature, he is the founder of realistic novels in the English Enlightenment period and is known as "the father of English and European novels".
Robinson Crusoe is mainly about how individuals overcome difficulties by their own wisdom and courage. The plot is tortuous, self-reported and readable. It also shows the social atmosphere of pursuing adventure and advocating personal struggle at that time. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, is famous all over the world, and Robinson has become a typical example of struggling with difficulties, so he is regarded as one of the pioneers of English novels.
Born in London, England, his real name is Fu. Defoe later added a prefix that sounded like noble "Germany" in front of his surname, forming the pseudonym Defoe. Defoe's father, James Defoe, engaged in slaughter. His parents are Presbyterians and don't believe in the Anglican Church. Defoe himself received a secondary education in Presbyterian school, but he didn't go to college.
Defoe is the first important novelist in the history of English literature. His life experiences and adventures are no less than the hero in the novel. He came from a small businessman's family and attended a college for unbelievers. He didn't follow his father's wishes to become a priest, but became an underwear dealer and engaged in the wholesale of tobacco, alcohol and wool. He has been to Spain, France, Holland and Italy on business. Although he is successful in business, he is also interested in politics. 1685, he participated in the attempt to put Monmouth Duke on the throne. 1688, he joined the army of William III. Three years later, he went bankrupt in business and was involved in litigation six times in a few years. But soon he made a comeback, running a brick business and dabbling in politics. His pamphlet "Random Talk on Various Plans" (1698) put forward reform opinions in all aspects of social life, such as advocating pension, income tax, insurance relief, and establishing women's colleges. And in the pamphlet, he agreed with the Whigs' mercantilist politics. His political satire "A Native Englishman" (170 1) refuted the criticism that King William was a foreigner, attacked the lineage of the British aristocratic clan, and was a great success, making him an informal adviser on government affairs and other affairs.
By the time he was in his twenties, Defoe was already a decent businessman in London, running underwear, tobacco and alcohol industries and having been to the European continent. 1692 went bankrupt in business and had to make another living. He is a government intelligence officer, designing and developing business. He is also engaged in writing. In his early years, he was famous for writing political essays and satirical poems, opposing feudal autocracy and advocating the development of capitalist industry and commerce. 1698, he published "On Development", suggesting building roads, opening banks, collecting income tax, running fire and water insurance, running a madhouse and running a girls' school. Defoe didn't believe in the Anglican Church, which made him support Protestant William III politically. 1702, in his political essay "Shortcuts to Eliminate Different Sects", he satirized the government's religious discrimination policy in a sarcastic tone and slammed the Tory authorities for persecuting different sects. Because of his clever writing, he was not caught at first. After being found out, he was arrested, locked up for six months and flogged for three days. Defoe wrote a poem "Ode to the cangue punishment" in prison, satirizing the injustice of the law. Onlookers in London regard him as a hero. People threw flowers at him instead of stones and wished him health. Whig leader Robert Whaley admired Defoe's talent very much. Under his intervention, Defoe was released. Harry hopes Defoe can run a magazine and win public support for his Scottish-English joint policy. Defoe founded the French Current Affairs Review in 1704 with Harry's support. Harry fell from power in 1708, and Defoe continued to support his successor, Godolphin, until 17 13.
Defoe published his first novel Robinson Crusoe in 17 19, which was well received by readers. Subsequently, Robinson Crusoe was published. 1720, he wrote Robinson Crusoe.
Robinson Crusoe (20 pictures). Since then, he has published Captain singleton (1720), Moore Ferlande (1722), Captain Jack (1722) and Roxana (/klk).
17 19 In March, Defoe completed his most famous work Robinson Crusoe based on some experiences of sailor alexander selkirk and his own ideas, and translated it into Chinese version. The novel tells the story of a sailor who escaped from a shipwreck on a desert island, overcame the sinister natural environment through his wisdom and courage, and was finally rescued and returned to England. This novel is very popular, with four editions published in one year. It is still read by people all over the world. His works are mainly for individuals to overcome difficulties through hard work and relying on their own wisdom and courage. The plot is tortuous, self-reported and readable. And showed the social atmosphere of pursuing adventure and advocating his personal struggle at that time. Defoe's other major novels include 1720' s Captain singleton and 1722' s Moore Flanders [1]. Defoe also wrote a lot of pamphlets and news reports. 1722 A plague occurred in Marseille, France. Defoe published the Great Epidemic Era, which catered to the public's attention at that time and was very popular. [2] Edit this translation: 1902 Defoe's Wandering on an Island, translated by Shen Zufen (a lame boy).
Robinson Crusoe by Defoe 1905, translated by Lin Shu Zeng Zonggong.
From this time to the end of 1940s, Li Yong, Gao Xisheng, Peng, Gu, Tang Xiguang, Yang Jinsen, Zhang Baoxiang, Xu Xiacun, Fan Quan, etc. Doing abridgement work, I have compiled a series of Say No, a series of translated novels by Lin, a collection of short stories and a student.
192 1 year, Shanghai Chongwen Publishing House published a simplified version of Robinson Crusoe translated by Yan Shuping. According to the author's statistics, from 193 1 to 1948, there are 1 1 versions of the novel. In addition to famous translators such as Gu and Xu Xiacun, there are also famous translators such as Peng, Li Yong and Zhang Baoyao. At this time, Robinson Crusoe was not only favored by translators, but also by publishers and readers. The frequency and quantity of publication are not comparable to other foreign literary works. The co-translated versions of Gu and Tang Xiguang appear in 1934 to 1948. Robinson Crusoe, abbreviated by Fan Quan, was published in three editions only at 1948.
After 1949
1959 Robinson Crusoe published by People's Literature Publishing House translated by Xu Xiacun and translated by Fiona Fang published by People's Literature Publishing House.
1997 Guo Jianzhong translation of Robinson Crusoe by Yilin Publishing House.
2006 Robinson Crusoe translated by Huang from Shanghai Translation Publishing House.
Robinson is an Englishman, 1632 was born in York city. He likes sailing and adventure. He has been to many places in the world and met many dangers, but he is not afraid at all and hopes to travel all over the world.
1659, Robinson went to South America by boat. On the way, he met a strong wind. The mast of the ship broke and the ship capsized. All his companions died in the sea, and he was the only one who was washed to the island by the big waves. This is a nameless, uninhabited desert island, full of rock weeds. He is cold and hungry. How can he survive in such a place?
The next day, the sun came out and the sea was calm. When the tide receded, Robinson saw half of the capsized ship floating on the sea, not far from the shore. He found some wood to make a raft and rowed it to the boat. In the cabin, Robinson found many things to eat and use, and moved to the shore one after another, bringing back a dog and two cats that were not drowned, which made him feel a little comfort in the desolation. More interestingly, he found a lot of money in the wrecked ship, but what's the use of money on an isolated island?
Now we need a shelter from the wind and rain. Robinson traveled all over the desert island, chose a place with water, shade and protection from wild animals on the hillside, and set up a simple tent with wood and sails. He can see the sea, and he hopes to see the passing ships in order to ask for help.
Robinson settled down on the island and lived a lonely life. He didn't ask for more, but the food brought from the wrecked ship was quickly eaten up. If he wants to live, he must find a way.
Every day, he takes a gun and his dog to hunt in the forest, or go fishing at the seaside and raise the goats he catches. Later, he had a flock of goats, who could often drink goat's milk and eat mutton. Among the things he moved, there was some wheat. He scattered them in the fence and soon germinated, and later produced more than a dozen ears. He used this little wheat seed to sow and harvest again and again, and in the fourth year, he finally ate his own food.
Eighteen years have passed. One day, Robinson suddenly found someone's footprints on the beach. At first, he was optimistic that it was his own footprint. Later, he discovered that he had never been here, and he was frightened. I guess it must have been left by the savage on the nearby land. Fearing that these savages would come to eat him, he planted wicker stakes in the open space in front of his residence and kept the sheep in captivity in several places. He lived in this uneasy mood for another two years. Later, Robinson once again saw the traces of fire and the bones on the ground left by the savage, which reminded him of their savage feast. Robinson in fear began to think about how to deal with this possible savage. After living on a desert island for twenty-six years, he finally saw more than thirty savages ashore in small wooden boats. They dragged out two unlucky companions, killed one, and the other struggled to escape. He fled in the same direction as Robinson's residence. Robinson was determined to save the escaped man, so he shot and killed two savages who chased him. Robinson named the savage he saved "Friday". He began to teach Friday. "Friday" soon became his good helper and gradually learned to speak. They lived happily on the island, expanded the grain planting area, added several sheepfolds and dried more raisins. He almost forgot to go back to England and civilized society.
One morning, Robinson was awakened by Friday. There used to be an English ship moored nearby. He found that there was a mutiny on the ship and the sailors kidnapped the captain. Robinson and Friday saved the captain, who happily promised to take them back to England. Robinson finally returned to England after sailing on this ship for half a year.
This novel was written by Defoe inspired by a true story at that time. 1704 In September, a Scottish sailor named alexander selkirk quarreled with the captain. He was abandoned by the captain on the island of Ann Fiinander, 400 miles from Chile in the Atlantic Ocean, for four years and four months. Four years later, he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers. When he was rescued back to England, he became a savage. Defoe, a famous British writer, devoted his many years of sea experiences and experiences to characters according to the legendary story of selkirk, and made full use of his rich imagination to process literature, making Robinson a hero in the eyes of the middle and small bourgeoisie at that time and the first idealized emerging bourgeois image in western literature. He showed a strong bourgeois enterprising spirit and enlightenment consciousness. Selkirk didn't do any heroic deeds on a desert island. It is said that both he and Robinson had the experience of catching goats and wearing sheepskin, and they were also harassed by cats. They also domesticated goats and cats as companions, and both spent time praying to God. But Robinson did not use Selcock's experience in other ways. This book was written around 17 19. The author created this interesting, elegant and popular biographical novel when he was nearly 60 years old, which was suitable for all ages and won him the reputation of "the father of English novels and newspapers".
Alexander selkirk's experience inspired Defoe. This is a literary masterpiece with a wide spread and great influence. Robinson, the hero, is very optimistic and full of fighting spirit, which embodies the spirit of self-struggle. His creative work and achievements also reflect the infinite charm of human wisdom. If a person is in trouble and no one can save him, he must learn to change the status quo optimistically, which requires amazing perseverance and indomitable spirit like Robinson, which we can realize after reading Robinson Crusoe.
Friday [3] Friday was brought back to the primitive tribe as a sacrifice. With this day together, Robinson changed himself because of this native. It was also because of their friendship that he survived and returned to his hometown. Friday is a simple man, a loyal friend, a wise and brave man. He is kind, loyal, responsible and adaptable. He and Robinson spent many years on the island with different skills. The arrival of Friday made Robinson realize his dream of becoming a governor, and he became Robinson's slave. In fact, without Friday's help, Robinson could not have left the desert island and returned to the mainstream society in Britain.
Robinson Crusoe, the first article by Defoe, a British novelist, describes the legendary story of the protagonist wandering on the island, overcoming difficulties and starting a business hard. The novel is true and natural, full of legend. The protagonist grows crops, builds wooden houses and struggles to survive on an isolated island, but his desire to return to the world fascinates him with how to get out of this hellhole, and he still fails. Finally, at 65438.
Open the first page of the book: "I would like to dedicate this book to young friends who have been relying on their parents and schools." When I read this sentence from the title page, I had an inexplicable dislike for this book. It is indeed the shortcoming of most of us, but we are unwilling to admit it. Don't we want to do better? But why do people around us always put this "hat" on us? When I solemnly turned the last page and read this ups and downs story, I thought I was really shocked. It was a spiritual shock, and the question mark couldn't help lingering in my mind. If I were Robinson, If I were him, when the ship was wrecked in the storm, would I continue to sail like him and not bow to fate? No, if I have a choice, I won't accept a life full of difficulties and setbacks, because I don't have that confidence. If I were him, would I rekindle hope on a desert island alone like him instead of giving up on myself? No, in the face of sudden disasters, I can't keep pace with the times and actively save myself like him, because I don't have the ability. If I were him, when I saw a savage having a party with his own kind, would I stand up bravely like him and fight with them with only one assistant? No, I'd rather hide far away and pray that they will never find me, because I don't have the courage. I have to admit my weakness. From birth to carrying schoolbags, parents and schools paved the way for our growth. I walked on this smooth road year after year, without any setbacks or storms, and still complained about this and that all day. In fact, I have never chewed the bitterness of life at all.
After reading the wonderful novel Robinson Crusoe, a tall image always catches my eye. He is the brave explorer and navigator Robinson. He realized his dream of sailing with indomitable perseverance and never giving up.
I read Robinson Crusoe this holiday and benefited a lot.
1659 On September 30th, a man was caught in a terrible storm and capsized. Except for him, no one lives. He was stranded on an isolated island. With his amazing perseverance and courage, twenty-eight years later, he escaped from the island with his own wisdom. This man is the unlucky and lucky Robinson Croso.
Living on a desert island for 28 years! What an amazing number! This shows how brave Robinson is. When he first arrived at the isolated island, he was desperate. He said, "I feel sad for my desolate environment all day. I have no food, no house, no clothes, no weapons, no way out, no hope of salvation, and only death in front of me, either swallowed by wild animals or chewed by wild people ..." However, slowly, his unique personality came out, full of hope for life, and he was no longer immersed in the pessimism of his own design all day. Made a table and a small box; Lambs and puppies caught; Grow wheat and rice. ......
Robinson is still a firm man. He once said: "My temper is to make up my mind to do one thing, and I will never stop until I succeed", "I will try my best. As long as I can paddle, I won't drown. As long as I can stand up, I won't fall down ..." He has no assistant, incomplete tools and lack of experience, so it takes a lot of manpower and a long time to do anything. It takes 42 days to make a board. Many things he did were in vain and didn't succeed, but he never lost heart and always summed up the experience of failure and started over. Hard work has brought gratifying returns. He finally got a boat, bread, pottery, plantation, pasture and two more "luxurious" residences ... none of them were obtained without much effort and overcoming many difficulties.
After reading it, I can't help but reflect on myself: if I live on an island, how many days can I live? One day? Two days? what can I do? Can you chop wood? Can you hunt and cook? I'm all thumbs even washing clothes by myself! Besides, how lonely it is to have no one to talk to! I'll suffocate! This shows how optimistic Robinson is! I think people should learn from his optimism that they are not afraid of difficulties, and live strong whenever and wherever, even if there is only a glimmer of hope, and never give up! We should be as ambitious, persistent and love our work as Robinson, and create wealth with our own hands!
The analysis of this edited work Robinson Crusoe belongs to the most well-known foreign literary masterpiece among readers in China. People may not have read this book, but they are familiar with its title and know a little about its content, especially when he struggles alone on an isolated island. In fact, it is natural to be known like this. Because in the vast number of books, this novel is recognized as an immortal masterpiece in the strictest sense, and it is considered to be one of the few literary works that have shaped modern civilization and influenced human history. It is reported that by the end of19th century, there were more than 700 versions, translations and imitations of this book. The reason why this book is so attractive is mainly because it tells a story that can't happen in reality, but it sounds very realistic. Most people who listen to the story, like Robinson, have contradictory personalities, have the desire to survive or improve their lives in various adversity, and more or less have the courage and means to turn this desire into reality. That is to say, every one of us has a Robinson.
In the era when the author daniel defoe (1660- 173 1) lived, British industry and commerce developed rapidly and actively carried out overseas trade and expansion. However, there were fierce partisan struggles and sharp religious contradictions in society at that time. In such an era, people as smart, energetic, enterprising and aggressive as Defoe naturally strive for a place in society for themselves. Therefore, his life was ups and downs, complicated and changeable. However, it is these ups and downs that show his perseverance and courage to take adversity as a smooth road. This situation can be proved by the following examples.
17021February, there was a heated debate between two important sects in Britain with pamphlets, and the matter was also debated in parliament. Defoe published his most famous pamphlet "Shortcuts to Protestants" at this time, which made a bitter irony. Unfortunately, however, both sides of the debate misunderstood his purpose. He was finally arrested after being forced to flee for four months. 1703 In July, he was sentenced to a huge fine (maybe he would be imprisoned for a long time) and had to wear flail at three different locations in London for three days (July 29 -3 1 day). Wearing flail in public is not only an insult to individuals, but also the consequences at that time may be disastrous, because some people wearing flail were indeed beaten or killed by stones thrown by the masses. At this critical juncture, Defoe wrote a satirical poem "Ode to Cangue Punishment" regardless of anxiety. He passed the news to his friends through his wife and asked them to do some organizational work. When he first executed cangue punishment, he sold or distributed printed poems in the street. The most praised verse in this metrical poem is as follows:
Tell them that because he is too bold,
Say the truth that you are not allowed to say;
Praise the master of the sky on this land,
They punish what they don't understand;
Tell them he's proud to be here,
Because we said something we didn't want to hear. ...
In this poem, Defoe confessed his innocence, condemned the injustice of the judgment, pointed out who really deserves this punishment, and pointed out that those who undermine freedom always use similar means to deal with those who defend the interests of the people. In a word, the publication of this poem made him reach the pinnacle of moral victory, and his courage and sense of humor won the sympathy and goodwill of the masses. As a result, when he was publicly displayed for three times, the crowd threw all the flowers at him, and people cheered, raised glasses and even crowned him.
Defoe has rich experience, traveled all over England and learned a lot. In his happy years, according to the records of some navigators, especially the experience of the Scottish sailor Selkirk, and his own imagination, he created a tenacious character like Robinson, bent on exploring the unknown world, making the protagonist who is somewhat similar to himself in this book bump in the stormy waves, become a slave in the hands of pirates, and make a fortune in a foreign country. Struggle alone on the isolated island, strive to survive, and finally create your own world with hard work and wisdom in more than 20 years, and finally make it a part of the civilized world. ...
This book is a true record of Robinson's life, with both gripping plots and thought-provoking connotations. And it is a first-person narrative, which really has unique charm. No wonder this book was published in April of 17 19, and was immediately warmly welcomed. By August of that year, it had been reprinted four times. Its success shows the broad development prospects of English novels, and naturally becomes the masterpiece of English novels in its formation period, winning Defoe the reputation as the father of European and English novels and the founder of maritime adventure novels. By the way, Defoe is also called the father of newspaper literature. Moreover, his Robinson Story not only laid the foundation of realism in English novels, but also, together with Swift's Gulliver's Travels and Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, showed the British people's love for traveling around the world with extremely vivid images.
As early as 1905, Defoe's masterpiece was translated and introduced by Mr. Lin Qinnan in classical Chinese, and then several vernacular versions appeared. As far as I know, Defoe's work has been known as Robinson Crusoe in China for at least half a century. As a translator of this book, I think it is inappropriate to associate Robinson's name with "wandering" and it is easy to cause misunderstanding. Because in Defoe's pen, Robinson has never "drifted" in his life!
The most important experience of Robinson's life is that he spent 28 years on an isolated island, completely settled on land, and had nothing to do with drifting at sea. Besides, twenty-eight years occupied a large part of his life. As far as the days he spent at sea are concerned, most of the time, he was sailing to his destination by boat (otherwise, he could not have reached Africa or Brazil). He only occasionally encountered a big storm and his ship was blown off course, but even in this case, he never gave up his efforts and resigned himself to "drifting" at sea. Even when he fell into the water alone, he didn't let himself be at the mercy of big winds and waves, but tried his best to swim to the shore.
Defoe also made an arrangement in the book, that is, in the sixth year of Robinson's landing on the island, in order to fully understand the place where he lives, he sailed his own boat and wanted to sail around the island. He accidentally let the boat into the turbulence at the eastern end of the island. If he allows himself to "wander" at this moment, he will be washed to the endless sea by the rapids and never come back. Fortunately, he didn't let himself "wander", but struggled with this current and finally survived.
It can be seen that it is difficult to associate Robinson with "wandering" whether we look at Robinson's life from a macro perspective or some of his experiences from a micro perspective, because in my opinion, this combination is incompatible with Robinson's enterprising spirit and seems to be inconsistent with Defoe's Robinson image.
So I decided to decouple Robinson from the word "wandering". There are several reasons for this.
Defoe's books that we usually read are only the first part. In fact, Defoe has sketched out what he will describe at the end of the first book. Sure enough, in the second year after the first book was published, he immediately published the second book, which can be called a sequel (in English, this sequel and its predecessor are usually called Robinson Crusoe). In this sequel, Robinson, who is already a wealthy businessman, goes further. His merchant ships even sailed to Asia, passing through India and Siam to Taiwan Province Province of China and the southern coastal cities, and then went north by land and arrived in Beijing via Nanjing. Here, he joined a huge caravan to Moscow, walked through many deserts, spent a long cold season in Siberia, and finally arrived at the port of Arkhangelsk in northwest Russia, from where he returned to Britain.
Therefore, I think our hero has walked such a long way here, running through and crossing two vast countries like China and Russia, and the title of the book is not called vagrancy. Therefore, I decided to translate it into something similar to Robinson Crusoe according to the title of the original work. Here, I keep the translation of the protagonist's name as Robinson, because although the pronunciation of these three words in Putonghua does not correctly reflect the pronunciation of the original text, and the word "Lu" is found in the protagonist's surname "Crusoe" (the latter word "Lu" is similar to the original pronunciation, so it is difficult to change it into other words), the name "Robinson" is too familiar in China.
It is quite difficult for a writer like Defoe to write a slightly original preface or introduction for a work like Robinson Crusoe. Because about Defoe's life, any history of English literature or related reference books will have a detailed or brief introduction, and even his biography is far more than two or three. For the value and significance of this work, various comments can be described as ubiquitous. For example, Dr. Johnson (1709-1784), a great master of English literature, thinks that there are not necessarily any works that make readers want to write longer than Don Quixote, Robinson Crusoe and Pilgrim's Progress. /kloc-Rousseau, the greatest thinker in Europe in the 8th century (1712-1778) is the same age as Dr. Johnson. He suggested that every growing boy should read this book first. Coleridge (1772- 1834), a romantic poet and critic, praised this book, saying that it embodies universal human nature, but Swift (1667- 1745), an important contemporary writer of Defoe, despised it and even called it Defoe. On the other hand, for quite some time, when the crew ran aground on a desert island, they read the first half of this book as a life-saving manual; In Das Kapital, Marx used the situation in the book to illustrate his economic theory. ...
Indeed, in Defoe's novels, there are many aspects that can be commented, analyzed and quoted, such as man's position in nature, the relationship between people, the process of creating civilization, what is happiness and freedom, the importance of communication and tolerance, and others such as race, nationality, religion, war, peace, humanity, perseverance, diligence and practice, which can be used to discuss Defoe's thoughts and practice. However, the preface and postscript are translated and imitated in many versions; As well as various monographs, we must have explored and discussed the aspects that can be generally thought of. Therefore, if readers can notice the fact that Robinson has never wandered after reading my preface and accept my reasons for this, then I will be very satisfied.