Jiangnan luxury qianzhuwu
Qianzhuwu, also known as the "Four Holy Houses", was built around 1798 (the early years of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty) and was the residence of four families. Qianzhuwu is still inhabited by people, mostly descendants of Si. Although each family is relatively independent, the verandahs are connected, not isolated from each other. Like a miniature city, walking in every corner of Qianzhuwu, you can "see the sun in sunny days and not wet your shoes in rainy days".
The Thousand Pillars House, named after the thousand pillars in the house, was built by Si Yuanru. Si Yuanru (1753- 1832), the word wing saint. Taixue, tell me about Xu Dengshilang. Daoguang two years (1822), seventy years old, "five generations under one roof". Daoguang built the county experimental shed and lost two thousand yuan. It was ordered to build a "charity workshop".
Qianzhuwu, facing north, is124m wide and 60m deep. There are 5 double-eaved gatehouses, all decorated with stone carvings or brick carvings. All of them are carved from bluestone bricks, and the figures are carved in mountains and rivers, which are lifelike. The building has five vertical axes and three horizontal axes, and it is a courtyard-style group layout with a total area of about 7400 square meters. There are many colonnades in the house. It is said that * * has more than 12 1 room, 1200. The portal is heavy and orderly, with the main hall as the central axis and eight quadrangles on both sides, 10 patio, all connected by eaves gallery. The main hall of Qianzhuwu is engraved with the words "Xing Yu Si", and the front door is decorated with brick figures, landscapes, dragons and phoenixes, etc. After the gatehouse is the main hall with five lifting structures. On both sides of the main hall are Conggui Hall, Shuanghuai Hall, Fushou Hall and Renshou Hall, all carved with bluestone and engraved on the wall. Today, there are many plaques here, such as "Filial Piety Festival", "Tongguan Hui Chong", "Accord" and "Shixiting Tingsong". There is a brick carving of a hundred horses on the wall of the main hall. It is composed of 2 1 blue brick relief, with a length of 0.34m, a width of 0.30m and a total length of 7.04m. The whole picture is patchwork and original.
The architectural pattern of Qianzhuwu is a typical embodiment of feudal ethics and family system in China. The portals are all independent, but the whole is a big family, with the privacy of "small family" and the harmony of "everyone". The whole Qianzhu House is surrounded by a harmonious atmosphere. Although there were generations, ages, men and women, masters and servants at that time, the reality of being under the same roof made it in feudal ethics.
"On the occasion of Tang Yu, it was prosperous."
On the lintel of the gatehouse of the main hall of Qianzhuwu, there are four Chinese characters of 10% off seal script, which are taken from Confucius' Analects of Confucius, "Tang Yu Shi Chang", meaning prosperous times. Their surnames are ingeniously integrated and have far-reaching implications.
The word "Xing Yu Si" was written by Mi Fei, a painter in Beining. Mi Fei, with a character seal, was named Xiangyang Man Shi, a scholar of the sea and the moon, and a layman of lumens. Originally from Taiyuan, he moved to Xiangyang and later settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). In the Song Dynasty, Zhuang's "Cockcrow" recorded that his mother was a midwife. Because she frequented the palace and worked hard, the court took Mi Yuanzhang as palace examination and later became a scholar. Mi Yuanzhang's career is dull all his life. He once knew Qiu Yong County and Lianshui Army, and Doctor Tai Chang knew Wuwei Army. Hui Zong established calligraphy and painting, was called a doctor, and was appointed as the Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Rites, and was called the Huaiyang Army. He has a strange temperament. He is good at calligraphy and painting. Middle-aged "crazy", learning Zen in his later years. Mi Fei, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Cai Xiang are also called the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty. They are all influenced by Buddhism and Zen to varying degrees, among which Su Huang is the most important, but it is Mi Fei who is fascinated by cleanliness, calligraphy and painting, and inkstone. Although Huang Tingjian also succeeded in learning Buddhism, his free and easy Zen style was far less than that of Mi Fei, and Su Shi was certainly the second.
Mi Fei is the author of History of Books and Famous Sentences of Haiyue.
Bifeng book store
Hundreds of meters behind Qianzhuwu, there is Bifeng Bookstore, which was built by Si Yuanru for his children to learn the works of sages, and later became the primary school in the village. Guangxu's "Zhuji County Records Fangzhai Records" contains: "Bifeng Bookstore is at the foot of Song Xiao Bay. Jinshan is surrounded by water, winding and quiet, with winding ponds and red lotus acres in front of it. The roads are planted with red and white rhododendrons, roses, peaches, apricots and plums, and the mountains are mixed with pine and bamboo. There are three floors, facing five ancient peaks. There is also a small pool where water spouts from the kiss of the stone dragon. The victory of Lin Quan is a city. " Most of the contents recorded in the records still exist today. There are two Sophora japonica trees in front of the library, with old branches and horizontal branches. One is a green lion, and the other is a white elephant. They are rare ancient and famous trees, which are quite ornamental. The ancient trees in front of the house are towering. Although they have experienced vicissitudes, they are still green and full of vitality. A private school as a descendant of the family. Although the area is less than one tenth of a thousand-column house, it is precisely because of this bookstore that the traditional concept of "farming and reading" can have a realistic carrier.
On both sides of the road leading to Bifeng Academy, crape myrtle, cypress, heather and other precious flowers and trees are covered with lush and full of vitality. About 50 meters away from the academy, there are two huge Podocarpus trees, and there are two Pangu trees in front of the academy, which are like lions on the left and elephants on the right. Layers of flowers and trees overlap, adding a sense of tranquility. The sound of reading comes from tranquility, echoing the sweet spring sound floating in the distance, and perhaps the melodious evening bell looms. Facing the faint moonlight spreading in the desolate academy, perhaps Si Yuan made a solemn wish so as to carve the deepest trace in the core of the soul and let future generations study hard.
Bifeng Bookstore and Qianzhu House were built at the same time, which is a family school specially built for future generations. The classroom is upstairs. It is said that there were no stairs earlier. Students have to climb upstairs from the bamboo ladder when they come to the classroom, and take down the bamboo ladder when they study until school is over. Students are not allowed to come down when reading during the day. The purpose is to let children have no distractions, turn a deaf ear to things outside the window, and read sage books with peace of mind. This shows that Si Jia attaches importance to reading, which shows Si Shengxian's good intentions. Now there are stairs in the library, which were built later.
Huaguogong Villa and Zhuji's First Modern School
Huaguogong Villa, built in Qing Guang Geng Zi (1840) in December, faces southwest, with a width of ***3 and three bays. The total area is 1800 square meters. There is a stone threshold on the stone door frame of the entrance hall, and "Huaguogong Villa" is carved horizontally. It was written by Yu Yue, a Confucian scholar in Qing Dynasty. There is a half-moon pond outside the entrance hall (Chi Pan). The entrance hall is13.3m wide and 3.8m deep. The roof truss is beam-lifting, the front trough is rolled shed roof, and the roof is hard rock. The second entrance is the central hall, with five beams in the inner trough and the roof of the front trough, which is exquisite in workmanship. The cornice column is carved with figures and animals, which is small and exquisite. Carved on the eaves purlin, the pattern of "Shuanglong Play Pearl" is lifelike. The nave has three bays with a depth of10.4m.. On the inner walls of the gables on both sides, there are still 10 pieces of good news about students studying in Huaguogong Villa during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. The third entrance is the back hall with a depth of 1 1.9 meters. The roof is a hard mountain, and the craftsmanship is slightly inferior to that of the nave and the front hall. The hall is connected by patio, and the floor is paved with slate. There are houses on both sides of the main building. The word "villa" here is really an elegant name for "family temple" (incense). Because it is located at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, it was changed to Xiangshan Folk School in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904).
1840, when the guns of the British army blasted the tragic first page of China's modern history, another family school, Huaguogong Villa, stood not far from Bifeng Bookstore. This is a mixed building of a temple and a school, which is extremely rare in China. Now Huaguogong Villa has also become a national key cultural relics protection unit, well preserved.
The manager of Huaguo Palace is "cool and studious, rich and able to teach, very respectful to scholars and very courteous to teachers". His surname, the descendants of Sri Lanka have inherited the wind of attaching importance to education from generation to generation. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1905), the Qing government abolished the imperial examination and advocated new learning, ending the imperial examination system since the Tang Dynasty and the stereotyped writing examination system since the Ming Dynasty. The descendants of Hua Guogong and Si, who used to be the magistrate in Sichuan and Hubei, resigned from their posts and returned to their hometowns to "learn private schools" for the insight that "protecting the country is in the revolution, the revolution is in storing people, and storing people is more important than rural studies", which is different in nature. The former is a home school, while the latter is open to the public. The word "learning from private schools" has become a new school after a thousand years of private schools. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu, it was changed to Simin Primary School, which was the first modern school in Zhuji. Before the school opened, it was co-educational.
19 17, Si Gengzhou, the son of Si, returned from studying in Japan. His father and son jointly launched the construction of a new school building, which requires a lot of wood. The promoter took a fancy to the big tree on the ancestral grave, but the tree on the ancestral grave was not easy to cut down, and it was immediately strongly opposed by the clan. So they persuaded the people in the name of building ancestral temples, turned resistance into help, cut down trees on ancestral graves and built schools. Therefore, ancestral tablets are still enshrined in the middle of the main building of the school, and the stone tablet "Hanxiao Temple" on the arched stone gate was inscribed by Kang Youwei, the leader of the bourgeois reformists in the late Qing Dynasty, which shows the status of Simin Primary School at that time.
Walking around the temple, facing the history of re-education in the mountain village, the book is fragrant. With the importance attached by the sages of the Si family to education and such a long-standing academic environment, all the children of the Si family have found their place in this paradise, studied with peace of mind and made their fortune in succession:
Jiang (1895- 1974), second-class general of Kuomintang army, former battalion commander and commander of the 10th war zone, chairman of Shaanxi province. Xiangshan private school1905;
Si Xia, a deputy to the Fifth National People's Congress, a labor hero in Jiangsu Province, a national "March 8" red flag bearer, former deputy director of Nanjing Education Bureau and a famous children educator;
Chairman of Zhuji Culture and Education Foundation of Taipei City and executive director of Zhejiang Overseas Friendship Association;
Si Xingjian (190 1- 1964), Shi Tian is a paleobotanist in China. 1926 graduated from the Department of Geology of Peking University, and 193 1 received a doctorate from the University of Berlin. 1949, he worked as a researcher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and concurrently served as a professor at Nanjing University. 195 1, concurrently director of the institute of geology and paleontology. 1954 was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress. 1955 Member, Geological Department, China Academy of Sciences. He is the main founder of paleobotany in China. He devoted his life to the study of plant fossils in various geological periods in China. * * * Published papers 1 19 and books 16.
Hang Sheng, Chief Engineer of Jiangnan Shipyard;
Lan Xin, the first principal of Simin Primary School, was a juren, and later worked in the Beijing Post Department (equivalent to the Ministry of Communications and Posts and Telecommunications);
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Faxiangju
The place of birth is named after the hall with long hair and auspicious appearance, commonly known as "going to a new house". Built in the seventh year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1802), it is the residence of Ren Yuan, a Confucian brother of Siyuan. Sit facing south. It is 59.4 meters wide from east to west and 54.80 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 3,255 square meters. The plane is centered on the central axis and symmetrically arranged. There are three entrances to the central axis building, followed by the gatehouse (house), the hall and the building. The east wing and the west wing are set on the left and right sides, with side doors in and out. The east wing, the west wing and the central axis enter the building, which are connected by corridors and pavilions, and are relatively independent, forming a semi-closed courtyard pattern. Faxiangju has unique design, reasonable layout and exquisite craftsmanship. Its wood carving skills are exquisite and diverse, and the theme village is rich in content. Decorated with brick carvings and stone carvings, the whole building is like a sculpture hall.
Legends about Siyuan Confucianism
Siyuan Confucianism flourished.
As the saying goes, "people are not rich without windfall, and horses are not fat without night grass." According to legend, Si Yuanru often sailed to Wuxi and Taihu Lake to do business in tea, tung oil and wood. Once, the ship met a robber in Taihu Lake, and because it had no cash, it had to leave the goods behind, and got a "small gold ingot" from a small leader as the road fare home. Dining on the way, paying with gold ingot, the store can't find it. When he was in a dilemma, Si Yuanru saw a beard eating at the next table and hung it with a gold hook from time to time. He was curious, so he paid for the meal and hurried home. Hearing that his meal had been ordered, Khufu wondered and asked the shop assistant to find Philip Burkart Confucianism. Seeing that Philip Burkart Confucianism was eight feet tall and had big ears, he greatly appreciated it, had a cordial conversation, was opportunistic, hated each other and hit it off, and became brothers. It turns out that this man is the bandit leader of Taihu Lake. The next day, Si Yuanru got up to leave and returned to Si Zhai. A few months later, Si Yuanru loaded the goods on Taihu Lake and met a robber, so he shouted: Mr. Golden Hook is my big brother! The robber knelt down for mercy and informed him in time. Golden Hook Hu was overjoyed when he heard this. He gave a banquet to welcome him, toasted him and gave him brown sugar 100 bag. Go home and open it. There is a gold bar in every generation of brown sugar. From then on, there was a rich man in the poor ravine, so he bought mountains and fields and built a thousand-column house.
Si yuan ru mai Yan Shi
On one occasion, Si Yuanru went to Qingshikeng in Shengxian County, took a fancy to a local mountain, and agreed with the shopkeeper to make a deal with 120 piece of Baiyang, and went through the specific procedures on the agreed date. After a rich man found out about Qingshikeng, he found the owner of the mountain and sold it to outsiders. This doesn't mean that he wants to buy this mountain with 150 yuan on the grounds of betraying his ancestors. The mountain owner is a little embarrassed. Who dares to offend the rich who dominate the party? So pay in one hand and deliver in the other.
Si Yuanru came to Qingshikeng for the second time, and the mountain owner told the story with difficulty. But Si Yuanru generously said that the business was inhuman and that he would sell the stones on the mountain. Si Yuanru put a hundred and twenty white oceans on the table, which puzzled the mountain master and monks in Zhang Er.
The news of this transaction spread like wildfire, and it was in full swing. "Siyuan Confucianism in Sizhai is really generous, and the stones of our county people also sell at a good price." "Siyuan Confucianism is uncompromising, and its words can be used as money." "If there is a mountain, it will be sold to Philip Burkart Confucianism, which is worth interacting with." People from the holy county near Sizhai rushed to Sizhai, took the initiative to visit and sold their mountains to Siyuan Confucianism. Moreover, the temper of Shengxian people is very similar to that of Zhuji people. What they pay most attention to is congenial, but they are indifferent to money. So it's really interesting to talk about price-it's often that Confucianism pays a high price, sages want a low price, and the argument of bargaining is endless. No wonder people who don't know the inside story are more confused.
Day after day, the contiguous mountain forest gradually returned to Siyuanru. Seeing that his mountain was about to become an island, the rich man in Qingshikeng had to turn around and sell it to Siyuan Confucianism. In this way, the territory of Siyuan Confucianism "ten bays and ten ridges" is finally intact.
A chivalrous man returns the favor.
Siyuan Confucius House is resplendent and magnificent, with great wealth. There was a chivalrous man who had no bad feelings with Siyuan Confucianism, but he hated Siyuan Confucianism because its name was too loud, so he deliberately attacked it. Give me some color to see see. One day, while people were mixing, the chivalrous man entered the Hall of Thousand Columns. The whole compound turned around and found that the guards were very strict everywhere, so there was no way to do it in broad daylight, so we had to wait until evening. When it was dark and no one was around, I jumped a few feet off the ground and quietly hid in the "turtle shell". "Tortoise shell" is the common name of villagers. It is located above the hall in front of the "Hundred Horses Map", with a rolling shed at the top and square bricks at the bottom. It is a semi-circular space, invisible, and there is more than enough space. Summer is coming, the turtle shell is sultry, and mosquitoes take turns to patronize. It's really hard for this chivalrous man who asked for it. When the gong rang, the chivalrous man saw that the time was ripe and jumped down like a feather, stretching his muscles and preparing for treasure exploration. No, just now, the dark house was brightly lit and people were walking everywhere. The chivalrous man turned back in fright, plucked onions in the dry land and flew back to the turtle shell. Listen attentively, there is no sound, look down, there is no light, wait for a while, the chivalrous man jumps down again, doesn't want to appear again, is brightly lit and noisy, and can only return to the turtle shell. So repeated, a night in vain.
We must take a long view. The next day, he mixed with the crowd and used his skill of carving insects to bring longan into the turtle shell again and again. The mouse carried incense and accumulated several baskets. It can not only fill the stomach, but also be nutritious, depending on who can stand it.
In the dead of night, the chivalrous man did the same trick again, but he couldn't get rid of the "strange circle": as long as he hid in the turtle shell, everything in Qianzhu House was silent and dark. Once underground, people were like shuttles and lights were like stars. It's hard. The purpose of coming here is not to kill people and steal things. Treasure can only be taken away skillfully, not taken away. How can we solve such a difficult problem? ..... To make a long story short, I played strange things for seven days and seven nights.
The next morning, the knight-errant vaguely smelled an attractive fragrance. Looking down from the cracks in the brick, Si Yuanru personally commanded and was putting on a sumptuous banquet. Alas, the main entrance of Qianzhuwu is wide open, the surrounding passages are spotless, and the banquet is held in the central hall, so my wife tries to avoid it. This kind of ostentation and extravagance must be extraordinary. I'd like to see what kind of person he invited.
When all the delicacies were ready, Si Yuan turned his back on his family and bowed deeply: "Gentlemen on the beam, please eat lightly. Smoot is rude, please ask Han Hai. " He invited me? The chivalrous man thinks his whereabouts are secretive, but he doesn't know that the longan chips scattered from time to time in the brick cracks have already leaked out. As soon as the curtain call came out, he had to jump down and stand in front of Philip Burkart Confucianism with a red face. Philip Burkart Confucianism seems completely unaware of each other's embarrassment, giving up his seat as a gift and treating him as a guest of honor.
After a hearty meal, Si Yuanru asked politely, but the chivalrous man refused to tell his life story, and his accent seemed to be living at the junction of Zhuji and Sage. Si Yuanru stopped asking questions and asked his family to give fifteen taels of silver to the chivalrous man, saying that it was a small gift that he had the right to see, and it would not be a tribute. Ask if you have any difficulties in the future, and Si will be effective. Holding hands, they walked half a mile and came to Gantuling. When leaving, the chivalrous man shivered at the corner of his mouth, only said "See you later" and flew away.
When Si Yuanru came home, there was a package of things on the table of the Eight Immortals. When he opened it, he was surprised at the fifteen taels of silver he had just given to the knight. Si Yuan is thoughtful.
Since then, even petty theft has gradually disappeared. At the beginning, a few little thieves made trouble, either hurting their feet or breaking their arms, so rumors spread all over the sky that Philip Burkart's Confucian property was a gift from God, and no one could covet it. The truth inside, the reader must understand, the chivalrous man who sees the dragon without seeing the tail has become a protector.
The chivalrous man repaid his kindness by being brave and good at fighting, and also made great achievements for Philip Burkart Confucianism. Philip Burkart Confucianism heard it with its own ears from the enemies. Not far from Qianzhuwu, there was a wicked man who could not see the growing Confucianism of Siyuan, but planted a poisonous trick. On a dark night in a month, he carried a corpse to Qianzhuwu and leaned against the middle gate, thinking that as long as someone shouted at dawn, his life would be at stake and the lawsuit would be entangled. Si Yuan can't wash away if he jumps into the Yellow River, and the good days will come to an end. Fortunately, the wicked did not escape the eagle eye of the chivalrous man. The chivalrous man chased the villain's lair, hoping to return the corpse to cure the disease, but mindful that the living was guilty, the dead was innocent, and the ghost was ravaged, he decided to prioritize, settle the dead first, and then teach the devil a lesson. He carried the body to the barren hills, bowed down and confessed, and cultivated the soil for burial; Every few days, a note "Don't be evil" is posted on the book, and a flying knife is placed on the door of the wicked. Let's talk about the wicked. A few days later, he found that Qianzhuwu was calm and there were no officers and men. All day, his heart was weak and emotional. Get up early to open the door, suddenly see the note, just like the judge killed him, immediately collapsed to the ground, disgusting.
When Philip Burkart Confucianism heard that the villagers were ill, it was merciful and went to the door for help many times. The wicked are insane and crazy, telling the ins and outs of things, which makes Si Yuanru break out in a cold sweat. In a few days, the wicked man went crazy. (Si Xuebiao)