When we get a debate topic, we find it "interesting" at first sight, which is the beginning of your thinking. The topics of debate are all false propositions, that is to say, they can never be argued clearly. There must be something wrong with these propositions. For both sides, the emphasis is different, but it is still fair. Moreover, the better the topic of the debate, the fairer it will be to both sides!
Then, to get a debate, of course, we must first start with the concept of the debate itself. A debate must have two key points, one is positive and the other is negative, so it is the most important and basic to grasp the concepts of these two key points. Especially in the argument, the conceptual explanation of the view that is beneficial to one's own side is the most important, and it is also the draft of the argument, and even the basic point of the whole debate. Therefore, it is extremely important to grasp the concept, and everyone in the team must bear in mind that in the debate, their own concept definition would rather die than surrender, and they must never compromise. If there is a slight mistake here, it will be a big defeat!
First of all, starting from one's own concept, grasping the topic of debate from a macro perspective is the basis of argument. Only when the concepts of both sides are clear can we understand their advantages and disadvantages. Then try to expand their own advantages in the argument, make up for their own shortcomings, and at the same time lay the groundwork for attacking each other. In the debate, one thing is definitely the base camp of one side, which is often difficult for the other side to touch and dare not touch. Let me take the last title as an example: on the positive side, "flexibility is the true nature of a hero", on the negative side, "unyielding is the true nature of a hero". The positive camp is the flexibility of "flexibility", and the negative camp is the essence of "heroic nature". These two points must be the ultimate camp of one side's debate, and it is difficult for the other side to attack. Therefore, when making an argument, it is the most basic to grasp these two points, so in general, this is the first major point in making an argument.
The above is mainly a big framework to construct your own point of view. In addition, to construct our own views, we should start from the macro level and assist the micro level. Macro and micro, both are indispensable. There is a macro without a micro, and there is nothing. There is a micro without a macro, and it will collapse when touched, so both are very important. Of course, what I'm talking about here includes many things, such as historical examples, people, famous sayings, proverbs, phenomena in life, props and so on. Among them, historical cases have the widest application scope and the strongest applicability. Numbers are the most direct and lethal, but the operation is very difficult. So in a debate, numbers are the hardest to find, and refuting numbers can only be refuted by numbers. However, numbers are often used in real debates, and it is difficult to apply them to ideal debates. Therefore, low-level debates are mostly realistic debates. This is why the higher the level of debate, the more ideal debates there are.
The next argument is to pave the way for attacking the other side. Within a certain limit, the more you think about a debate, the clearer it will be, so you can grasp it better and better. But if you think too long, you may go to the opposite side. Therefore, the best preparation time for a debate is one week. The first two days are mainly about collecting materials, and the last five days are the time to really think about the debate. When we have a certain grasp of the debate, we will know our own shortcomings, especially those of the other side. Then in the argument, we should pave the way for our own shortcomings in attacking the enemy.
At the end of the argument, we should focus on the meaning. Grasping the significance of the debate within one's own powerful scope and expanding it appropriately can open up a battlefield for oneself and shock the other side at the same time. This is to tolerate each other with a kind of mind, and more importantly, to prepare for the summary statement. At the end of the argument, if we want to return to reality and talk about things, we can use parallelism and proverbs to enhance our momentum.
Argumentation generally includes: concept definition, debate analysis, building a base camp, consolidating the base camp, preparing for attack, moderately sublimating value, returning to debate, and ending the situation. (the main body of the argument is generally 3-4 points).
The attack and debate of debate experience (for reference only)
The second part of the debate is attack and defense. This part is the part where the debaters fight separately. This is very exciting. I have always been a three-argument, so the offensive and defensive part is what I am best at.
Attack and defense are divided into two parts: attack and defense. The attacker should ask questions, and the defender should answer rather than ask questions. Generally, the time for asking questions does not exceed 10 second, and the time for answering questions does not exceed 20 seconds. Therefore, it is extremely important to prepare for the problem of attack and defense. The setting of offensive and defensive questions is not a single question, but a group of questions. A set of questions consists of a series of questions. When setting questions, we should generally consider the other party's answers in any form. Questions, the other party's answer is generally affirmative, negative or vague. For knowledge questions, the other person's answer is generally correct or unknown. In short, no matter how the other party answers, you should be prepared in advance and lead the other party into your own trap to prove your point. So it takes a lot of time to set up offensive and defensive questions. Because the topic of any debate is a false proposition, it is a relatively fair topic. Therefore, when setting offensive and defensive questions, in order to pull the other side into the trap, we can only separate the debate and focus on our own side to set questions, so as to ensure that the other side is fooled. Therefore, the problems of attack and defense are all logical mistakes and can't stand scrutiny. They just have a good effect on the spot, the attack is very direct, and the attack and defense need more intuitive results on the spot.
When defending and arguing, you should pay attention to your position. Generally speaking, the defender will be at a disadvantage because the problem of the opponent's setting is carefully prepared in advance. But I said in my argument that there is always one side's absolute position in any viewpoint, and the other side can't be broken. Then we must stick to this point when defending, so that no matter how the other side attacks, it will not come back with a total victory. Maybe a strong defense will win. In short, never follow each other and stick to your own things. There are often two ways to defend. Generally, the lower level players adopt the method of avoiding entanglement, and the higher level players first enter the opponent's position and then turn back. This should be based on our own position, so from this perspective, confidence in the debate is very important.
In short, attack and defense are carefully prepared, so when attacking or defending again, you must stick to your own things. As long as we persist in this, we will be invincible.
Summary of debate experience (for reference only)
In the summary of attack and defense, the first debate is responsible for speaking, and the time is short, generally 1 minute 30 seconds. Summary of attack and defense is the shortest link in the debate, which has the least influence on the outcome of a debate in practice. Therefore, if one party is extremely nervous about the preparation time, it can give up the offensive and defensive summary appropriately. However, in fact, every link of the debate is very important and everyone can't give up.
The summary of attack and defense is a summary of the just-concluded attack and defense link, pointing out the mistakes made by the other side in the attack and defense link or the problems that have been avoided, or re-emphasizing their own views. Summary of offense and defense generally requires on-site preparation, but if the defense level is limited, the following methods can be adopted.
Use your prepared ideas as your own material support, summarize the attack and defense, and ensure that the summary of attack and defense will not be separated from the attack and defense just now. Moreover, it is risky to predict the examples that the other party will use in advance and prepare in advance. In practice, the debate can prepare some ideas in advance and then use them selectively on the field. However, it is best to prepare a summary of attack and defense on the spot. If we can point out other mistakes made by the other side in attack and defense, it may play a role in reversing Gan Kun.
Generally speaking, the summary of attack and defense uses "complete refutation", and only pointing out the mistakes of the other side is the best summary of attack and defense. Of course, it would be better if you could add your own point of view. In short, don't deviate from the previous offensive and defensive summary, otherwise it will have a very bad influence.
Free debate on the experience of debate (for reference only)
Free debate is the key to debate. The two sides become a team, which reflects the strength of a team, so the team is the core of free debate. In fact, the team is also the core of a debate!
Free debate means that you come and go, and whoever can take the initiative will have a great advantage! Generally speaking, the party who asks questions first will take the initiative, so this party should take the other party with questions one by one and always take the initiative! As a passive party, we should choose the right time to throw out our own problems, and strive to regain the initiative on the basis of cleverly dealing with each other. The free debate of a debate is actually the process of your coming and going, which is really the best embodiment of team strength. Team cooperation is very important!
Generally speaking, the debate is important to be calm, and the debate is the helm of a team. If it is calm, then we will continue to gallop. If the two sides are entangled, then we must calmly handle the argument and decisively shift the battlefield, such as using "let's not entangle this issue, let's take a look at this issue", so as to always remain active! Debate two or three is the main force of free debate, and more is the entanglement with the other side. After all, entanglement is inevitable, but it must be noted that the ideas of debate II and III must be highly unified and cannot contradict each other, so communication during preparation is extremely important. Generally speaking, two debates and three debates are the relationship between inheritance and continued inheritance. In the free debate, four debates should not only have the calmness of one debate, but also have the responses of two or three debates, but it is more important to have a simple summary of the four debates in the free debate stage to pave the way for the concluding speech.
In a word, cooperation in the stage of free debate is the most important. The main line of the four people's thoughts should be unified, and the tributaries should be rich and perform their duties. Four people remember to speak, and one person will deduct money if he doesn't stand up! However, the 123 debate should protect the four debates. After all, the four debates have to make a concluding speech. However, the four debates must not be silent. Generally speaking, there is a tricky way to let the four debates ask questions, which will not only make the four debates stand up, but also make the four debates too distracted!
Free debate, cooperation is the most important, one person talks too much, no matter how good it is, it is also a loss, remember!
Summarize the experience of the debate (for reference only)
Summary statement, the closing stage of the debate, generally speaking, summary statement only plays two roles-icing on the cake or giving timely help. If the front side has obvious advantages, then the summary statement will continue to expand the victory. If the front is tangled, the summary statement will determine the outcome of the game, and the wonderful summary statement can also greatly reverse the role of Gan Kun! So summing up my speech is of great significance, and it is also the most energy I spend every time preparing.
The summary statement is generally divided into three parts, pointing out the other party's mistakes and giving examples to illustrate their own views and concluding remarks. In practice, we should pay attention to the following points:
First of all, it must correspond to the argument. A debate is based on an argument, so the summary statement is the reappearance of the argument, so it must correspond to the argument. Whether a statement corresponds to an argument is one of the most basic criteria for examining the quality of abstract statements.
Second, correction should hit the nail on the head. Pointing out each other's mistakes is what you should do at the beginning of your concluding remarks. The mistakes you pointed out should be typical and fundamental, and the language should be extremely refined and intuitive. Generally speaking, pointing out mistakes requires four arguments to be prepared on the spot, and one, two or three arguments need on-site assistance. Generally, in the form of notes, four debates mix their own materials. This requires a lot of debate, so in a high-level debate, the strongest person in a high-level debate team is usually the debate, but it must be analyzed according to the actual situation and specific problems. For a low-level place like Chongqing Normal University, the strongest person should be in the second and third debates, because Chongqing Normal University is still in the stage of "amateur watching". Of course, there is a tricky method here. You can prepare several articles in advance and choose them on the spot, just like the operation method in the summary of attack and defense. Another way is to summarize the most classic mistakes of the other side, because arguments are false propositions, and some mistakes are bound to be made, that is, classic mistakes, so there is generally no need to prepare these mistakes.
Third, make your point extremely concise. Because a game has come to an end and the judges and audience are very familiar with the views of both sides, it is very important to refine it at this time, and more importantly, to save time for future games. If necessary, quoting one's own point of view can be combined with correcting mistakes, that is, pointing out a mistake and speaking one's own point of view accordingly, which can reflect one's own point of view more intuitively and at the same time attack opponents more deeply.
Fourth, the conclusion is wonderful, which is our "killer". Every time I prepare for the debate, I regard it as my last and most effective move to win. Speaking of which, let's start with the significance of the debate. Debate has a long history, which lasted for thousands of years. The purpose of debate is to make the truth clearer and clearer, and the purpose of truth is to guide us to carry out practical activities. In short, it is to make our life better, our work better, and let us get more practical benefits. Therefore, debate is not a war of words, but the guiding significance of truth. This is the key, this is the true meaning, and this is where the judges can be moved and the audience can be mobilized. So at the end of the debate, we must jump out of the debate and talk about the practical significance of today's debate! For example, you can use "Actually, the result of today's debate is not important. What matters is the significance of today's debate. " Only by telling the significance of today's debate and pointing out the practical significance of our views can we reflect our minds and take a step back. Only in this way can we take a step back and open our eyes. In addition, it can also reflect a team's grasp of the true meaning of the debate itself, that is, the practical significance and the guiding role of truth. Only by bringing the debate back to life, reality and the public can we arouse everyone's enthusiasm. After all, people are all meat.
Debate is not a debate of words, but a debate of truth. Debate itself is not a science, but it can make a non-science go to science, make a science more scientific, and make a thing forever young. Therefore, "only breaking without standing" means that it is easy to stand and talk, and "only breaking without standing" is the practical meaning. Remember, the conclusion should reflect the true meaning of the debate, which is the "killer", the last "killer" of our political college in an invincible position, and this is the real value of our "ideological and political educators"!
Experience the overall feeling of the debate (for reference only)
Finally, I make a general summary of the issues that should be paid attention to in the debate:
First, the grasp of time is fundamental. Any link in the debate is time-limited, so you must complete the task within a limited time. Especially the argument and the conclusion, if the time is up and the argument has not been read, the disadvantage will be too obvious, and it is obviously insufficient preparation. It is even more important to grasp the time of concluding remarks, especially in our college, because the "true meaning" of every debate is put at the end, which is the "killer". If the time is up and you haven't finished reading it, it's over! Therefore, when preparing, we should keep practicing. Usually you have 10 second to improvise. You can also use some words as backup, and you can cancel them on the spot if time is tight. In a word, we must hurry.
Second, grace is also fundamental. Never attack your life in an argument. Speak gracefully. The debate is about truth, not momentum. Of course, momentum is very important, especially in a low-level place like Chongqing Normal University. But manners must be mastered. If you lose your manners and engage in personal attacks, you are bound to fail!
Third, don't break the rules. Rules are appearances. If you make a mistake, you will be caught by the judges.
Fourth, the flesh and blood should be connected. The argument is bone, the case is meat, and both are indispensable.
Team is the most important, and cooperation is the key. Debate depends on the team, no matter how strong the individual ability is, it is useless. We must cooperate and never "let Xiao He lose".
Sixth, the true meaning of the debate must be remembered. Remember that the real meaning of debate is the guiding meaning of truth, and we must return to reality.
Seven, add some specific skills to deal with different opponents. 1, numbers are the most invincible. Try to find numbers to support them, because defensive numbers can only be defended by numbers, although numbers are hard to find (dealing with science schools, especially practical management and accounting). 2. Historical events are very intuitive, and it is generally necessary to fight back head-on, but this is not enough. Just use "historical events are individual, and individual inferences generally make logical mistakes" (for historical disputes, deal with the History Institute). 3. Applying our great Marxist philosophy, especially dialectics, can make us invincible, but we must remember that theory is powerless to attack (for pure science colleges and cultural and sports colleges). 4. Avoid professional supervisors in other disciplines. Don't talk to biology students about Darwin, chemistry students about experiments, math students about formulas, music about art, physical education about sports, and educating students about humanistic care. 5. Hit each other with each other's things. Chemical experiments focus on results. If the grade in chemistry is not important, it's shooting yourself in the foot. History is about individuals. Individuals in history, if not universal, are disloyal.
Eight, pay attention to the judges. Ask the origin of the judges in advance and see what the judges' knowledge composition and life experience are like! Generally speaking, the judges of the debate contest either engage in theory or skills, and different judges have different focuses. If the judge studied philosophy, then Marx would use it more. If the judges are science and engineering students, then we should pay attention to reality. If the judges are westernized, such as those who have gone abroad for further study, they should use less Marxist philosophy and more western philosophy. Don't use the current "politics" to bully people, because these "foreign-style" judges are more disgusted with the current social situation. If you meet a low-level judge, you should use more concrete examples to create a good and direct atmosphere and make the scene lively (no way, laymen will watch the scene. If you are a student secretary or student chairman, you should avoid this situation, otherwise you will be puzzled if you lose, but generally these people will not appear in the second round of the jury lineup, and the late judges are usually professional teachers). One more thing is very important. At the scene of the game, pay attention to the referee's actions. If we nod, that's for sure, then we will continue. If you shake your head, it means that the problem is not set well. You should stop and change the problem quickly. In short, if you want to win the competition, everything must serve the judges.
Nine, we must understand our own shortcomings and recognize our highest realm. Every viewpoint has its weaknesses, and so does every major. Our political college, in Marxist philosophy, is a theory. Theory can only be defensive, and theory cannot be offensive. Remember, the theory is empty. It's like "chopping flies with a dragon crescent moon knife", and you may even hurt yourself. Therefore, it is not enough to have a theory, there must be something concrete. Theory, there is really no way to move out! In short, arts and sciences have their own shortcomings, and the combination of arts and sciences can improve the level. Then why are the science students in famous universities so powerful is because they have both arts and sciences. Therefore, both arts and sciences are very important, and the amount of information should be larger and wider!
Ten, to be fully prepared. The more the truth is argued, the clearer it becomes. Just think about it. One week is the best cycle. If there is not enough time, it is difficult to grasp. If it takes too long, it will involve yourself. Therefore, we must grasp the time of preparation and make full preparations.