Learn German vocabulary well.
Vocabulary: It is the blood of language. No one will doubt the benefits and convenience brought by a large vocabulary, which is most obvious when we do reading. There is a saying that if you want to have a simple conversation, the lower limit of your vocabulary is 1000, and if you want to basically understand ordinary German newspapers and magazines, the lower limit of your vocabulary is 5000. So many students in China are crazy about memorizing words, and many people are against memorizing words.
So do you want to recite words or not? How many words should I recite? Let me start with an example around me. A friend recited words crazily. He once recited words like a dictionary, so that the teacher occasionally forgot the words in class and had to ask him for advice. However, his German level is average (although he finally passed DSH). As long as he doesn't review the words he has memorized for a while, the words will soon be forgotten.
This example shows that memorizing words is actually of little significance. If words are not commonly used, they will be forgotten even if they are memorized. But then again, in the final analysis, words still have to be memorized! The reason is simple, because we can't be ischemic. The consequences of "anemia" will obviously frustrate us in listening, reading and writing. Since words are forgotten because they are not commonly used, we just need to remember the most commonly used words. In addition, common words are undoubtedly important words and must be memorized. I estimate that there are about 2000-3000 so-called most commonly used words. This vocabulary memorizing task should be solved before the primary level-1 intermediate level at the latest. So how do you judge which words are the most commonly used? There is no standard! You can judge it according to its frequency or your intuition, or simply buy a glossary.
Of course, with the improvement of your level, the number of these most commonly used words should continue to expand.
How to recite words? We should use different memory methods for different words:
1. Words that often appear in reading comprehension: These words are usually difficult to write. When reciting, you can know the meaning of the language as long as you are familiar with it, and you don't need to know how to read and write-the most important thing is to know its meaning when reading comprehension.
2. Words in spoken English: You should not only know its meaning but also say it accurately, but it doesn't matter whether you can write it or not-the most important thing is to say it when communicating with others. Open your mouth as much as possible and read your back accurately.
3. Words in listening: When you hear them, you should be able to quickly reflect their meaning, and it is best to write them out-the key here is to be able to reflect their meaning and listen to them repeatedly through your own recording.
4. Text: Besides being able to spell correctly, their gender figures should be clear and know how to use them. You can use the method of "copying back" when reciting, and it is best to memorize sentences.
In fact, which words in the above four points belong to which point is not fixed. You can decide which memory method to use for a word according to your own subjective judgment. What I said above, from another angle, is to remind everyone of the requirements for vocabulary mastery in foreign language listening, speaking, reading and writing.
The reproduction of words is very helpful to memory. There is a method worth trying: you buy a Classified Vocabulary Manual, and then you recite a certain classified vocabulary, such as a word related to "health". After reciting these words, you should do as many exercises related to "health" as possible. For example, you can find some health-related German articles to read online. In the process of reading these articles, you will find many words that you have just recited appear in the articles. The more articles you read, the greater the possibility and frequency of memorizing words, which is very helpful for your vocabulary memory. Of course, you can also memorize the relevant words before starting a new Thema in the teacher's class, because the words you have memorized are likely to reappear in the class, which will deepen your impression again and make it easier for you to attend classes than others.
In fact, the accumulation of vocabulary is not only "memorizing", but also your listening, reading and writing exercises, especially reading, which is very helpful for the consolidation of vocabulary.
Learn the grammar of German cheats well.
Grammar is the skeleton of language. A language is formed by filling in proper words in grammatical rules. If you want to understand complex sentences, use words accurately and write articles correctly, you must have a solid grammatical foundation. Grammar and vocabulary are the basis of learning a language well, both of which are basic skills that need to be laid well in primary school.
But some people hold another view that belittles grammar, and I am talking about some experts. They are against reciting grammar rules. They believe that language expression, such as speaking, depends on the sense of language. Speaking should be an act of blurting out what you want to say. Don't analyze the grammar of this sentence in your head before you speak. In other words, our speech should be a natural behavior, not a logical thinking that needs to think about grammar in advance. For example, when we speak Chinese, we rely entirely on our sense of language, never considering its grammatical structure, and so does learning German. You don't need to know why a sentence is said like this, you just need to know that it is said like this, and you should constantly turn this sentence into a habit and develop nature.
That sounds reasonable. But what I want to say is that this view doesn't apply to me at least, and in fact, so do many people. Because we are no longer children, we can't learn a language only by imitation, and then form language habits only by language sense. Our complex brain will affect our simple imitation of language, so we must learn grammar well, especially at the beginning. What is the significance of learning grammar? First of all, for beginners, if they don't know the skeleton of grammar, they won't even know how to make sentences after primary school, because German and Chinese are completely different languages, and our brains have been influenced by the existing Chinese thinking, but we can't make German sentences with the Chinese language sense that affects us. Therefore, only by understanding and mastering the skeleton of grammar can we understand the difference between German and Chinese, and what order German word order is organized. Only by knowing this rule can you make sentences, which is of great significance for beginners to set foot in German classes. Besides, grammar is our traditional advantage in China. Compared with other foreigners who study German, we are simply grammatical geniuses. Although grammar didn't score much in the exam, there is no reason for us to give up this easy-to-get lean meat. So you should learn grammar well.
In addition, at the beginning, if we learn grammar, we often set grammar formulas when we speak, make sentences and write articles, but this is just the beginning. As long as we speak more, write more and become proficient, we will naturally have a sense of language, and our speaking and writing will turn to a sense of language rather than grammar. I think it can be said that learning grammar is and can only be a necessary way to get started in German.
Listen to the secret of learning German well.
Listening is a traditional weakness of China people. Many people will say this when they take the DSH exam: As long as they do well in the listening test, nothing is a problem! Since listening is our weakness, and in most cases it is the decisive factor to pass DSH, please put the most time and energy into listening from now on!
Some people say that the first level of learning a foreign language is listening. Understanding is the beginning of everything. Secondly, speaking and reading should be the first step, and writing should be the last step. They believe that this order conforms to the laws of language learning in anthropology. This may be right.
Next, I want to talk about some troubles I often encounter in listening:
1. Distract. Many people will have this situation, and they will be distracted when listening. This is a big no-no for exams! You should completely get rid of this bad habit when practicing listening. In fact, you should form a habit of your brain: your brain should keep moving, understanding and guessing when listening. If your brain is lazy because it doesn't understand well, then distraction will follow. There are two reasons for being absent-minded: either because the article is too difficult, too many sentences are not understood, and you lose confidence and interest after listening, so you are absent-minded, or because the article is too long to keep your attention for a long time. In these two cases, you can choose listening articles with moderate difficulty. For a long article, you can divide it into several parts, listen to one or two parts at a time, then summarize what you have just heard, and then continue listening. In addition, listening and taking notes can also avoid distractions to some extent. Also, don't listen to the same article continuously. When listening to an article for the first time and the second time, your attention is usually focused. After listening to it for the third time, you will feel bored and start to lose your mind. In this case, it is meaningless to continue listening. It's better to stop this article and come back to listen to it another day, so as not to get into the habit of being absent-minded or form a feeling of aversion to listening.
2. Think back. Many people often have this habit. In the process of reading listening articles, teachers often ponder over a sentence or a word they have just heard. They subconsciously think that I almost understand that sentence just now, and I can only understand its meaning after pondering it again. Or I have memorized that word before, but I forgot its meaning for a while. I'm sure I can remember when I think about it. However, the fact is often the opposite. Memories are usually futile. The terrible thing is that you will miss a lot of things that the teacher has read during this period of memory, so please be sure to give up the memory! Listening test is the ability to understand instantly. If you don't understand at that moment, forget it and pretend that you really don't understand. Although sometimes it may be clear in retrospect, you are often not worth it. Your attention should follow what the teacher reads.
If unfortunately you have developed the bad habit of remembering, then I suggest you do more extensive listening at a faster speed. The so-called extensive listening means that when listening to an article, you don't need to record details, or even any records. At the same time, you don't have to force yourself to understand many words in the article. You just need to know what this article is about and what it means. There is no need to recall this. Let it be missed if you miss it. For example, you can listen to the radio. Maybe you don't understand a lot of things, but it doesn't matter. You just need to understand some of them and know what to say. Because the playback speed is faster and there are few pauses, you have no extra time to think. In this way, you can change your memory habits.
Listening and recording is a dilemma. This is a difficulty that everyone will encounter. Please choose the following listening and recording methods that suit you.
A) The teacher doesn't take notes on the first reading, and then takes notes on the second reading. When you listen and take notes, your brain pays attention to the details rather than the whole. If you can't remember it the first time, you can grasp the content and context of the article as a whole, and then record the details of the article the second time. The advantage of this is that you will know what to record before you take the second note because you have usually heard it once. It doesn't matter if you don't understand or write down the key points, because you already know the overall idea of the article and the author's point of view. You can guess what you don't understand by your impression of the article. This kind of guess is often close, although you may not guess all, but the direction of the answer is certainly not wrong.
B) The above methods are advocated by most teachers. However, I think this is worth promoting for students with high listening level, but it may not be so effective for students with poor listening. Because they didn't feel anything after listening for the first time, they had to listen for at least two times to get the general content of the article. For such students, I suggest: remember it twice! Never mind what the article generally says, pay full attention to the key parts and answer the details. If you write it twice, you will write down more details and have a greater chance of hitting, and then sort out your records when you finish the final official answer.
C) Whether it is the first time or the second time, when listening and taking notes, most of the energy should be done according to what the teacher says, and a small part should be used for recording. Don't forget it. I mean, you should always know what topic the teacher is reading now. If you lose track of it, it will be a terrible thing, because it may lead to confusion in the later records, which has nothing to do with the theme.
D) What if your hearing is really poor and you can hardly understand anything? Even so, you can't lose it. Remember as much as you understand in the corresponding topic category. Many times, the answers to questions are often simple and easy to understand or repeated several times in disguise, which means that what you can write down is probably the answer. In addition, we should pay attention to the teacher's intonation and speaking speed. When the teacher speaks slowly or pauses or speaks heavily, there is no doubt that this is reading the answer. Whether you understand it or not, you should write a few words more or less. Also, if the teacher sends out a list of words or lists some words on the blackboard before listening, then these words are all important words. You must listen to the questions that appear in these words, and you need to put them in the right place one by one. Finally, when you answer the question, see if you can connect these important words with the words you wrote, combine the meaning of the topic with your common sense to "imagine" the answer, and then express it in your own words. This is an opportunistic method and the effect is not bad. I used to use it a lot, hehe.
4. You should make such a choice according to your own characteristics: a. When the teacher reads the answer to a question, you should not remember it first, listen attentively, wait until the teacher finishes reading the answer, then write a few keywords quickly, and finally connect the keywords into sentences when answering the question formally. Or B. record while listening to the answers.
Of course, we should take the exam, but how to improve our listening comprehension at ordinary times? There are many ways. Similarly, you should choose the one that suits you best.
1. It's better to listen to the tape and do the questions at the same time than to just listen to the questions without doing them. Minimize or avoid using a repeater to repeat. In addition, a tape should be listened to at least five times.
Listening to the radio is not easy to understand, but it involves a wide range and is closely related to life. This is a good practical exercise. If you have a certain level, you can listen to the radio more. However, some people say that listening to the radio is not obvious for improving listening.
3. Listening to TV is easier to understand than broadcasting, and the language of TV is usually colloquial. After listening more, you can learn a lot of authentic spoken English from TV. Some people say that listening to TV is better than watching TV, so I suggest you listen with your back to TV.
4. Communication, when you talk to foreigners, there is no doubt that your attention will be very focused. If you are always serious and focused on one thing, obviously you will make the fastest progress.
5. Watch the original German movies with Chinese or German subtitles. If your listening is not strong enough, this is a relatively comfortable exercise. Although this practice is not progressing rapidly, it is better than not doing it at all. The important thing is that you usually have enough interest to stick to it.
6. Don't miss the evening and the morning. In the dead of night, you will be surprised to find that your hearing is much better than during the day. Make good use of this time to practice listening, even if you listen to 15 minutes. You're awake. If you didn't have nightmares last night, your brain would be "clean" and your mood would be happy. At this time, when you listen, you will be very focused and not easily distracted. Why not make good use of this time?
7. Always listen to German with headphones and always create a German environment. Some people think that even if you are absent-minded, you will be imperceptibly influenced by the long-term German influence. But I don't like it myself.
Some people think that "dictation" can greatly improve listening. You can also try.
9. If you have been practicing listening hard for 4 or 5 days, take a break and let your brain listening cells relax for a day or more. When you relax and resume practicing, you may be happy to experience a kind of progress.
10. In addition, please pay attention to the coordination of intensive listening and extensive listening.
I repeat, there are many ways to improve listening. You should choose one or several that suit you. That method must make you feel interesting, effective and persistent. Never ruin your mood of learning listening. If listening makes you upset, then unfortunately, your improvement will be limited.
Learn the spoken language of German liars well.
German seems more difficult to say than English. If you are studying in China, it seems that not many people will speak it after finishing primary school. Even those students who have studied in Germany and passed the DSH exam, their oral English seems to be not much better than that of three-year-olds in Germany. Like listening, oral English is a traditional weakness of China people.
How to improve oral English? There are many methods, please choose one that suits you and can be realized:
A. find a language partner.
If you are in China, this is unrealistic. In fact, even in Germany, there is not necessarily a good language environment. In fact, you don't need to find a German to find a language partner, as long as he is a foreigner, as long as he doesn't know Chinese, as long as you speak German in communication. No matter what country he comes from, you should establish friendship, so that you can harass him every day and speak German every day. At first, my spoken English was practiced with a Korean. I remember at the beginning, it was difficult for us to understand each other. Talking to him is like talking to a chicken and a duck. Finally, you have to match a lot of expressions and actions to make the other party decipher. But gradually, our spoken English has made great progress, and I even got rid of the oral exam during the exam.
B. monologue
If you usually have the habit of talking to yourself, then from now on, talk to yourself in German instead. If you don't have this habit, cultivate it. This is a healthy behavior. If you are not the kind of person who likes talking or even talking to yourself, please turn your thoughts into German. For example, if you find that the water is too hot in the shower, don't think to yourself: the water is too hot! You should think: what is this? ! In short, it is to cultivate your German thinking. At first, you will feel awkward, because you will often encounter some unspeakable words, which will make your soliloquy impossible, or you will feel unaccustomed, troublesome, tangled and stuttering. But as long as you stick to it, it is a good thing. Get used to it after a while, and you won't feel bored when you get used to it. Then you can enjoy improving your spoken English.
Read the secret of learning German well.
Reading is the comparative advantage of China people. Some people say that you learn the most from reading in listening, speaking, reading and writing. So, please don't spend less time on reading.
Do you study hard? If you often look up the dictionary when you are reading, you are lazy. At least when reading for the first time, please put the dictionary where you can't see it. What about those words you don't understand? Guess! Guess according to the meaning before and after, guess according to the whole meaning, guess according to the word formation, guess according to the sentence components, guess according to the author's attitude and position. You have to learn to guess anyway. Sometimes you even need to use a little imagination Foreigners say that we in China lack imagination. I don't think you will admit that they are hinting at you. If you look up the dictionary very hard, you will soon become dependent on it. Once you come across a word you don't understand, your first reaction is to look it up instead of guessing what the word might mean. You must learn to guess and form this good habit. Slowly, you will find that you can understand many profound articles with a small number of words, and you may love reading or have confidence in learning. But then again, dictionaries are not useless. If you feel the need to understand this article more accurately, or want to know the specific meaning of some important words, you can look it up in the dictionary, but you should use it after reading it for the first time at the earliest.
Write German learning cheats.
There seems to be a lack of writing training in our study. Therefore, many people will have this feeling: our primary school students' German level is always difficult to express our college students' thoughts, and we can't write our own thoughts in words. We also have to look up dictionaries and grammar books frequently, which often takes much longer to complete. Nevertheless, the compositions sent back are often full of mistakes and "a mess". Therefore, some teachers in China have called for: You should try to use simple sentences to write compositions for primary school students!
1. The written composition is precious. You can't throw it away or put it in the toilet to avoid paper shortage. You should always review your composition, including the sentences you think are well written and the mistakes you make.
You have the habit of keeping a diary, don't you? That would be great. From today, you can write in German, even if it is only 100 words. Keep writing, and soon you will feel progress. If your diary doesn't involve privacy or there are some ambiguities that will mislead people, then give it to the teacher regularly to help you revise it. What, this is childish? It's naive. I mean, in Germany, we are really naive.