Journal Honor: The abstract of China Journal Full-text Database, the source journal of ASPT, was included. In 1930s and 1940s, China's rural economy was in extreme recession, rural finance was extremely scarce, and farmers were deeply exploited by usury. As a new type of financial institution, Zhejiang local banks invest their funds in rural areas and partly return the funds flowing from rural areas to cities. This new measure has undoubtedly injected fresh blood into Zhejiang rural finance, where funds are exhausted and usury is rampant, and brought vitality to Zhejiang rural economy. In the agricultural loan work, the bank is good at adapting to local conditions, taking advantage of the situation and boldly exploring, which embodies typical characteristics.
-
The author's Chinese name is Zhu Ying; Literature sources: Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition) and E-mail of editorial department, 0 1, 2007.
Journal Honor: Overview of Chinese Core Journals: As early as the 1920s and 1930s, the study of rural history in China attracted the attention of relevant scholars, but the focus of attention was mainly on rural society and culture, and the discussion on economic aspects was slightly insufficient. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in the study of modern rural economic history, the academic circles mainly focused on the relationship between land ownership and the poverty of farmers, and the research vision was still relatively narrow. Since 1990s, due to the prosperity of social history research and the development of economic history research, modern rural economic history research has attracted more and more attention. Especially in recent years, with the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" being put forward, historians, with great academic enthusiasm and strong realistic concern, give full play to the participation function of history, devote themselves to discussing the source of the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", analyze history, and learn the wisdom contained in it, so as to help people understand the complexity and long-term nature of this issue and further promote the development of the study of modern rural economic history in China. Up to now, the study of modern rural economic history has made remarkable achievements in terms of the number of works and academic quality, but there are also many problems, mainly manifested in the lack of macro research, great differences, and many weak links in regional and industry research. In order to further promote the research work in this field, we need to further broaden our horizons, update our methods and strive for new breakthroughs in the future. First of all, while attaching importance to the study of agricultural history, we should strengthen the analysis of the history of rural handicrafts, because in the process of promoting rural economic and social development, ...
-
Mortgage and Seizure of Chengdu Plain during the Republic of China —— Discussion with Mr. Liu Kexiang
The author's Chinese name is Li Deying; Literature Source: Modern History Research, Editorial Office E-mail, 0 1, 2007.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT. Chengdu Plain is a developed area with tenancy system, and the mortgage system is very popular here, which not only has an important impact on the rural economy in this area, but also has some characteristics worthy of in-depth study and discussion. Through the analysis and research of some county-level archives and land reform archives, we can see that the mortgage and rent reduction in modern Chengdu Plain is not just a means to strengthen exploitation, as some scholars say, but has a broader connotation and is the product of natural ecology and social ecological environment in this area. By paying the mortgage rent, the tenants not only get the right to rent the land, but also get part of the interest on the mortgage rent they pay by withholding. From the institutional point of view, the economic relationship between tenant farmers is more equal than before the Qing Dynasty.
-
Centennial Sacrifice of "Preparatory Constitutionalism" —— Sacrifice of Political Compromise in Preparatory Constitutionalism in the Late Qing Dynasty
The author's Chinese name is Jiang Guohua; Literature sources: Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology &; Technology, editorial office email 0 1, 2007
Honorary Magazine: The preparation for constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty was the product of a rare political compromise in China's political history. Although this kind of compromise is limited, it is this limited political compromise that has achieved the preparatory constitutionalism, and actually opened the prelude to the most profound political change in China's modern political history. From announcement, development to failure, preparatory constitutionalism has experienced many political compromises of different degrees. Among them, the compromise between the New Deal School and the Constitutionalist School contributed to the decision to study politics abroad. The compromise between anti-constitutionalism and pro-constitutionalism led to the promulgation of the imperial edict of imitating the constitution; The compromise between the establishment and the constitutionalists prompted the publication of King James' constitutional outline. The compromise between the preparatory constitutionalists and the rapid constitutionalists reached an understanding that the Congress should be convened in advance. The compromise between the preparatory constitutionalists and the revolutionaries led to the promulgation of the "Nineteen Creeds". For the late Qing government at that time, this compromise may be passive and therefore limited. But today, a hundred years later, when we come to pay homage to this history, perhaps there should be more enlightenment.
-
An analysis of the phenomenon of anti-local autonomy in Jiangsu uprising in the late Qing Dynasty
Author's Chinese name is Yang Tao; Literature sources: Historical Monthly, Historical Science Magazine, Editorial Office Email, 06, 2007.
Journal Honor: Summary of the main contents of China's core journals: the abstract of China Journal Full-text Database, the source journal of ASPT; At the end of Qing Dynasty, Jiangsu implemented local autonomy, which was typical at that time. However, due to the rulers' distortion of the original intention of autonomy and their emphasis on the government-run model; Due to the serious financial crisis, the national tax system reform is utilitarian, and the tax contribution is increasing; Because the lower classes are excluded from the owners of cultural resources, the people's intelligence and strength are low; Due to the competition between the government and the old and new gentry for grass-roots political resources; In addition, the rulers' mistakes in handling the civil unrest led to local autonomy in trouble, which triggered the anti-autonomy civil unrest in Jiangsu Province. Its outstanding performance is anti-taxation, anti-household survey, and destruction of schools and autonomous organs. Anti-local autonomy and civil unrest show the lessons of insufficient social mobilization and disordered relations between the state and society.
-
The author's Chinese name is Yang Fayuan; Liu Min; Literature source: social science journal, editorial office email, 04, 2007.
Journal Honor: Overview of Chinese Core Journals: It is a common phenomenon in ancient society that the abstract management system of CJFD, the source periodical of ASPT, is divorced from the actual operation, and there is a similar phenomenon in the process of urban management in Qing Dynasty. The management system of local cities in the Qing Dynasty was restricted by the political system, and the quality of management executors was low and perfunctory, which led to the disconnection between the public security management system and management operation of local cities in the late Qing Dynasty to some extent.
-
On Weng Tonghe's thoughts in his later years
The author's Chinese name is Zhou Liren; History teaching and literature source research, editorial office e-mail, 0 1, 2008.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Weng Tonghe (1830- 1904), a patriotic politician, was an influential historical figure in modern China. Because he advocated innovation and supported the cause of political reform, he was politically persecuted by the die-hards in July 1898 and even severely punished by the editor. Weng Tonghe spent his last life in his hometown Changshu before his death in July 1904.
———————————————————————————————
Zhang Jian and Social Change in the Late Qing Dynasty
Author's Chinese name Xie Junmei; Author: Shanghai East China Normal University History Department;
Literature sources: Journal of Nantong University (Social Science Edition), Journal of Nantong University (Social Science Edition), editorial office mailbox, 0 1 issue, 2007.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords social changes in the late Qing Dynasty; A patriotic politician; Nationality;
Social crisis in late Qing Dynasty; Patriotic politician; National characteristics;
As an outstanding figure in modern China, Zhang Jian played an important role in the social reform in the late Qing Dynasty. He received both industrial education and political education, and almost participated in major social activities in the late Qing Dynasty. Whether it is the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, or "mutual protection in the southeast", the constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty, the Revolution of 1911, and even the establishment of democratic politics, the abdication of the Qing emperor and so on. We can all see his figure and his great role. He kept up with the times, followed the trend, kept pace with the times, devoted himself to seeking national independence, national prosperity and social progress, and was a patriotic politician in modern China. Zhang Jian's life course is the trace of modern social changes and has strong national characteristics. His political ideas and practical activities still draw lessons from and inspire us today.
-
Zhang Jian's Southeast Consciousness in Gengzi Period
The author's Chinese name is Liu;
The author's English name is Zhao (History Department; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062; China);
Author: Shanghai East China Normal University History Department;
Literature sources: Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) and Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 02, 2007.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords Zhang Jian; Gengzi year; Southeast consciousness;
English keyword Zhang Jian; 1900 year; Southeast consciousness;
During the period of Gengzi (1900), the time theory of Shanghai newspapers and periodicals highlighted a kind of southeast consciousness from the perspectives of Shanghai, southeast and south, and showed the social subject thought of gentry and businessmen in Shanghai and southeast who were concerned about the development of the current situation and the destiny of the country. As a representative of the gentry and businessmen in Jiangsu and southeast China, Zhang Jian's comments and suggestions to the governor of southeast China during the Gengzi period also revealed the southeast consciousness similar to that of Shanghai Gengzi newspaper. In particular, his theory of "name and reality" of "northwest" and "southeast" is a view of the current situation with profound political philosophy, which provides us with a new perspective to examine Zhang Jian's political thought.
———————————————————————————————
Textual research on the relationship between Tang and Zhang Zhidong in the incident of self-reliance army
The author's Chinese name is Zhang;
Author: Associate Professor, Department of Political Economy, Qinzhou University, Guangxi;
Literature sources: Historical Monthly, Historical Science Magazine, Editorial Office Email, 04, 2007.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
In the incident of the Self-Defense Forces, it has always been popular that Tang contacted Zhang Zhidong through the Japanese before the uprising, saying that the Self-Defense Forces supported Zhang Zhidong's independence of the two lakes, but Zhang Zhidong hesitated and held a default attitude towards the preparatory activities of the Self-Defense Forces. For example, Feng Ziyou described it in the Revolutionary History before the Republic of China, and Zhang Yunxi described it in the Story of the Self-reliance Society, saying that "from the Tang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the Japanese paid tribute to Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Hubei Province, and satirized the independence of the two lakes with the self-defense forces. Zhang hesitated, although he heard about it, but he never found out about party member's activities. He seems to be a man with ulterior motives "(see Du Maizhi's History of Self-reliance Society, Yuelu Bookstore, 1983, pp. 9 and 76). Huang Hongshou's Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty also said, "In the Han Dynasty, I tried to satirize the independence of the two lakes by taking advantage of the Japanese hospitality to Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Hubei Province. The head of the hole in the chin "(same book, page 26). Some scholars have come to the conclusion that Zhang Zhidong later killed Tang in order to kill people and destroy criminal evidence. For example, Hu Sheng said in From the Opium War to the May 4th Movement, "Before preparing for the uprising, Tang also contacted Zhang Zhidong through the Japanese, saying that the independent army could support Zhang Zhidong and declare independence according to the same lake. Zhang Zhidong did not answer him immediately. " Later, because "Southeast Mutual Insurance" had been established, he didn't need to use Tang. Before the officer tipped him off, he actually knew the plan of self-reliance army, so he put out the uprising easily. He immediately put Tang and others to death, obviously. ...
————————————————————————
/kloc-an analysis of the social mentality of southeast elites at the end of 0/9 century and the beginning of 20 century
The author's Chinese name is Zhou Xuewen;
The author's English name is Wen (School of Sociology; Suzhou University; Suzhou; Jiangsu 215006; China);
Author: School of Social Studies, Suzhou University; Suzhou, Jiangsu;
Literature source: Journal of Fuling Teachers College, Journal of Fuling Teachers College, editorial office mailbox, February 2007.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Boxer movement; Southeast region; Social mentality; Elite class;
English key words boxer movement; Southeast China; Social psychology; Elite class;
From the end of modern China 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, the Boxer Rebellion in the north flourished, while the south was relatively calm. This strong difference is closely related to the economic prosperity in the south and the poverty in the north, the tight politics in the south, the cultural mentality in the south and the different social mentality of the elite in the north and south caused by factors such as the new north and the old south.
————————————————————————
Local Foreign Policy in the Early Period of "Southeast Mutual Protection" in Qing Dynasty
The author's Chinese name is Li Chongde;
Author: Anhui University; Hefei; Anhui;
Literature source: Journal of Mudanjiang Institute of Education, Journal of Mudanjiang Institute of Education, 04 issue, 2007.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Southeast mutual insurance; Local governor; Independent diplomacy;
During the Boxer Movement, the Qing government embarked on the road of declaring war on foreign countries according to its own interests, while the governors in the southeast adopted a completely different foreign policy from the central government according to the local actual needs and the overall situation. Although this brand-new way of independent diplomacy is "deviant", it has had a great impact on the development of history.
————————————————————
A review of Zhao Fengchang, a generation of wizards, and his works
The author's Chinese name hole;
The author's English name is Kong Xiangji;
Author: Fei Zhengqing Center of Harvard University;
Source of academic research literature, the mailbox of editorial department of Academic Research, 07, 2007.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords Zhao Fengchang; Zhang Zhidong; Revolution of 1911; Letters;
Zhao Fengchang is a legend in the modern history of China. He served as Zhang Zhidong's aide for a long time and accumulated a large number of letters. After being dismissed from his post, he played a very important role in the important events before and after the boxer Incident, the preparation for constitutionalism and the Revolution of 1911. Before the National Compilation Committee of Qing Dynasty photocopied and published 36 original books 109 of Zhao Fengchang in the Rare Book Room of the National Library, the author studied the ups and downs of Zhao Fengchang and revealed the wonderful chapters in his collection.
————————————————————————————
Forty Years of Wind and Rain —— Analysis of Prime Minister Yamen in Qing Dynasty
Author's Chinese name is Liu Wei;
Authors: School of International Relations, Renmin University of China, Beijing;
Literature source: Popular Science (scientific research and practice), public science, editorial office mailbox, 0 1, 2008.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords prime minister yamen; Modernization; Qing government; Westernization movement;
This paper makes a superficial analysis of the Prime Minister's Office, the first specialized diplomatic institution in China's modern diplomatic history, which is divided into three parts. Firstly, this paper discusses the reasons for the establishment of the Prime Minister's Office, including internal and external reasons, then briefly analyzes its main functions, and finally discusses its significance. In view of the controversial significance to the Prime Minister's yamen, the article focuses on the third part, infiltrating the author's tendency.
——————————————————————
Analysis of the image test questions of social life history
The author's Chinese name is Guo;
Literature source: history study, history study, editorial office mailbox, 0 1 issue, 2008.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
From the questions of college entrance examination in recent years, it can be clearly found that there are questions about social history besides political history, economic history and cultural history. College entrance examination proposers use the new paradigm of social history to make propositions, which adds a refreshing artistic conception and appearance to college entrance examination questions and effectively plays the role of college entrance examination.
————————————————————
The mistakes in the initial choice of China's industrialization road
The author's Chinese name is Wang Yunxiu;
The author's English name is Wang Yunxiu (School of Business Administration; China Shiyou University; Beijing102249; China);
Author: School of Business Administration, Youshi University, China;
Literature sources: Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), editorial office mailbox, 0 1, 2008.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Industrialization; Keywords; Path; Initial; Mistakes;
English keyword industrialization; Options; Mistakes;
During the Westernization Movement, the Qing government chose an industrialization road with military national defense as the core, and the civilian industry became the subsidiary and supplement of the military industry, and "seeking strength" was higher than "seeking wealth". "Seeking wealth" serves "seeking strength". Because of the mistakes in path selection, not only the military industry is doomed to failure, but also the civilian industry that should have been developed is very backward, which has caused serious setbacks in the early modernization process of China.
————————————————————————————
Preface to Biography of Sheng Xuanhuai (Graphic Edition)
The author's Chinese name is Xia Dongyuan;
Author: Department of History, East China Normal University;
History teaching and literature source research, editorial office e-mail, 0 1, 2008.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD of ASPT source journals.
Half a century ago, when I was engaged in the teaching and research of China's modern history, I decided to focus on the Westernization Movement. At that time, there were few people in academic circles. At the same time, Li Hongzhang, Sheng Xuanhuai and Zheng, who are closely related to the Westernization Movement, are the key research objects of historical figures of Westernization, among which Sheng Xuanhuai is the most important. Why is this? This should start from the historical position of 186 1 to 190 1 and Sheng Xuanhuai's great contribution to the westernization cause.
————————————————————
Research on the Old School Thought of Qing Government during the Boxer Movement
The author's Chinese name is Huang Qinglin;
Instructor's historical innovation;
Degree awarding unit: Beijing Normal University;
Modern history of China.
Degree in 2006
Doctoral degree
Online publishing writer Huang Qinglin
Submission time of online publication: March 2008-65438+March.
Boxer movement period; Qing government; Old school; Thought;
English key words boxer movement; Qing government; Conservative groups; Thought;
The Qing government's old school during the Boxer Rebellion refers to the feudal political and cultural school that took charge of the state affairs by suppressing the Reform Movement, maintained the traditional old system, rejected western culture, and used the Boxer Rebellion to destroy foreign countries and vent their anger. They were active in the period of Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China from the 1898 coup to the Gengzi Incident, demanding to inherit the tradition in the political, ideological and cultural fields and maintain the old political and cultural order. These people mainly include the princes and ministers of Qing Dynasty, such as Zaiyi, Zaixun, Zailian, Xu Tong, fortitude, Chongqi, Zhao Shuqiao, Qixiu, Yingnian, Dong Fuxiang, Yuxian and Li Bingheng. Strictly speaking, the Qing government's old school in the Boxer period can't be regarded as a pure old school. Compared with the old school during the Westernization Movement, their thoughts have changed to some extent. They demanded to learn from the west on the premise of ensuring feudal monarchy and social order in order to realize the strength and development of the country; They also demanded to abide by the peace treaties signed with the powers, ensure the safety of the envoys and missionaries of the powers in China, and strive to maintain a relatively stable social environment for national construction; They consciously demand to protect the rights and interests of the country and prevent the loss of rights and interests. So their thoughts are actually similar to those of the early Westernization School. Although the old school is backward, conservative, exclusive and has many shortcomings, it is undeniable that it also has some positive contents: their concern for the maintenance of state rights, their concern for people's livelihood and their views on internal affairs construction. ...
————————————————————————
Fujian generals in Beiyang navy
Fujian officers in Beiyang navy
A Study on the Subtitles of Special Military Groups in Late Qing Dynasty
Research on Special Military Groups in Late Qing Dynasty
The author's Chinese name is Huang Jianping;
Mentor Wang Min;
Degree awarding unit: Fujian Normal University;
Modern history of China.
Degree in 2007
Master thesis level
Fujian Normal University Online Publishing Contributor
Submission time of online publication: 2007- 1 1-06.
Beiyang navy; Fujian generals; Group; Faction; Military quality;
English keywords Beiyang Navy; Fujian naval officer; Group; Small groups; Military quality;
From a certain point of view, the Min people in the navy of China in the late Qing Dynasty can be regarded as one of several military groups with obvious geopolitics formed in modern China. Although the political nature of this group was weak in the modern history of China, it was different from the political and military groups such as Xiang Army and Huai Army. However, in view of the emergence and distinctive characteristics of this group, it is also of special significance to make an overall investigation and study on it. In the most mature and powerful Beiyang Navy in the late Qing Dynasty, Min people occupied an important position and gradually formed a huge group of naval generals. During the rise and development of Beiyang Navy in the late Qing Dynasty, this group has been inextricably linked with it. They were everywhere in the construction of Beiyang navy in the late Qing Dynasty, and the success or failure of naval construction was also linked with their fate from the beginning. They also became a controversial group in modern China's resistance to foreign invasion. This group was formed in a specific historical background, and its appearance was an important achievement of the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, especially the naval construction. At the same time, their performance and movements have also become an important aspect of testing sports. The research on the basic situation, formation process, contribution and historical limitations of this group is of great significance in addition to reviewing the history of this group and showing its whole picture. At the same time, this view of systematic research also extends to another corner, that is, the experience of the success or failure of naval construction in the late Qing Dynasty.
————————————————————————
A review of Li Hongzhang's research in the past hundred years
》
The author's Chinese name is Zhang Yuliang; Cao;
Author: School of History and Culture, Xiangtan University;
Literature source: Hunan Social Sciences, Hunan Social Sciences, editorial office mailbox, 0 1 issue, 2007.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
From 1862, the Huai army entered Shanghai as the governor of Jiangsu, to 190 1 year, when Li Hongzhang died after signing the "Treaty of Xin and Chou", he had been ups and downs in politics for nearly 40 years in the late Qing Dynasty. Although he has been dead 100 years, he has not reached a final conclusion, and historians still have different opinions on him. The honorees are called "landlord class reformers" and "Oriental Bismarck"; Those who destroy it are denounced as "traitors", "executioners" and "traitors". As Liang Qichao said: "There are thousands of people who praise and thousands of people who belittle. Those who are praised reach their extreme, and those who are destroyed also reach their extreme. " [1] Because of the complexity and controversy of Li Hongzhang as a historical figure, his research covers a wide range. This paper only makes a brief review of Li Hongzhang's research works in the past hundred years in order to contribute to the development of Li Hongzhang's research. I. Chinese mainland Studies According to the different stages and characteristics of China's historical development in the past hundred years, Chinese mainland studies can be divided into before liberation (1901-kloc-0/949), after the founding of New China to before the reform and opening up (1949- 1978) and since the reform and opening up. (1) Before liberation (1901-1949), Liang Qichao's Biography of Li Hongzhang should be the first to study Li Hongzhang's works (Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, reprinted in 2000). This biography was written less than two months after Li Hongzhang's death, and it is also the first monograph to study Li Hongzhang. Liang Qichao analyzed and evaluated Li Hongzhang from military affairs, westernization and diplomacy. On the military side ...
————————————————————————
An analysis of the reasons for the different endings of modernization between China and Japan
The author's Chinese name is Yao Xiaomei;
Author: School of Social Studies, Anhui Normal University; Wuhu; Anhui;
Literature sources: Journal of Huaibei Coal Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) and Journal of Huaibei Coal Industry Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 0 1 issue, 2007.
Journal honor: the journals included in CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords modernization; Westernization movement; Meiji restoration; State intervention in the economy;
Modernization refers to the whole transformation process from traditional feudal society to modern capitalist society. From learning advanced western technology, science and culture to changing economic and political systems, the modernization of China and Japan has gone through a similar road, but the results are quite different. The reason can be found from three aspects: the strength of social change, the attitude towards eastern and western cultures and the measures of state intervention in the economy.
——————————————————————
Several interpretations of western science and culture by modern China people
The author's Chinese name is Qin Yingjun;
The author's English name is Qin Ying-Jun (editorial board; CNU magazine; Beijing100037; China);
Author: Editorial Department of Journal of Beijing Capital Normal University;
Literature source: Historical Monthly, Journal of Historical Science, Editorial Office Email, 0 1 issue, 2007.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords modern times; Western science and culture; Cultural interpretation; Characteristics;
English keyword Modern Times; Western technology; Cultural interpretation; Characteristics;
In modern times, the transformation of China from traditional science and technology to modern science and technology was completed under the influence of western science and culture. This process is also the cognitive process of modern China people to western science and culture. In this cognitive process, different people have a deeper or shallower understanding of the acceptance of western science and culture. Among them, the cultural cognitive model of "Tao" and "body" is the basic feature of modern China people's interpretation of western science and culture.
————————————————————————————
The History and Logic of China's Understanding and Handling of Chinese and Western Cultures and Their Relations
The author's Chinese name is Yi;
Author Peking University Institute for Social Development;
Literature source: China scholar, editorial office e-mail 0 1, 2007.
Journal honor: summary of the main contents of Chinese core journals: CJFD, the source journal of ASPT.
Keywords "full, easy, tolerant, land"; Law, Art and Art; "western learning"; New learning; New culture movement;
The history of China's understanding and handling of Chinese and Western cultures and their relationship can be roughly divided into the following four stages: First, he thinks that people outside China are "foreigners, foreigners, Rong and Di" and there is nothing worth learning; Then it is considered that the western strong ship and strong gun are "the law, art and art are not enough to learn." Corresponding to this is "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" and "relying on law to strengthen ourselves", engaging in westernization movement, introducing modern western industries, and learning their advanced science and technology and methods of economic development; In the third stage, I think that western culture is also a kind of learning-"Western learning", but it is still not as good as China culture, and it is just a second learning, and even this knowledge was handed down from China. This is the so-called "theory of the origin of Western learning". The corresponding social movement is to change the social system. First, I want to engage in the "Reform Movement of 1898" and introduce the western constitutional monarchy, and then I want to engage in "democracy and harmony"; In the fourth stage, the western culture was called "new learning", and the corresponding traditional culture in China became "old learning", so the May 4th New Culture Movement of "overthrowing the Kongjiadian and totally westernizing" appeared, and it was realized that to fundamentally transform China, it was necessary to change its social and cultural soil and "totally westernize". At first it was "French" and later it was "Russian". After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the change of flag in Eastern Europe, these countries abandoned "Russian civilization" and returned to "Western civilization". After 70 or 80 years of great twists and turns, they changed their flags, in contrast to the Soviet Union and the East. ...