Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) clearly stated in the Guiding Opinions on Cultivating and Developing Modern Metropolitan Area that the restrictions on urban settlement should be relaxed except for a few megacities. According to media reports, since 20 19, six cities, including Haikou, Guangzhou, Dalian, Changzhou, Xi and Nanjing, have issued new policies to relax the restrictions on settlement.

In order to attract talents, in addition to restrictions on settlement, many places have introduced diversified talent policies. According to statistics, as of February 18, in 20 19 years, more than 16 cities have issued policies on the introduction and settlement of various talents.

From 20 17, the battle for talents started. In two years, it mainly started from second-tier cities, spread to first-tier and third-and fourth-tier cities, and even attracted many county-level cities to join. Yang Yansui, director of Tsinghua University Employment and Social Security Research Center, believes that the growing competition for talents is behind the test of China's economic transformation, employment transformation, education transformation and government service transformation.

The settlement policy relaxes academic qualifications and age restrictions.

At the beginning of this year, many places introduced settlement policies, relaxing academic qualifications and age restrictions.

On February 13, Haikou accepted the declaration of "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Housing Security for Imported Talents in Haikou City", which was relaxed in terms of academic qualifications and age. In terms of academic qualifications, the scope will be extended to college graduates or students studying abroad. In terms of age, full-time undergraduate graduates with intermediate professional titles or technicians or above will be relaxed from 40 to 55, and full-time college graduates or senior engineers will be relaxed from 40 to 45.

Xi 'an proposed that all college students (Xuexin.com registered permanent residence of the Ministry of Education) can move in and settle down. In addition, the age limit for settlement has once again achieved a breakthrough: the age limit for bachelor degree or above has been cancelled; Bachelor degree or below, the age is relaxed from 35 years old (inclusive) to 45 years old (inclusive).

Guangzhou, a first-tier city, also issued a new round of immigration policy system on June 5438+1October 65438+1October 0 1, and adjusted the age limit for undergraduate, master and doctoral degrees from 35, 40 and 45 to 40, 45 and 50 respectively. At the same time, college graduates can go directly to their homes.

Chen Qiulin, director of the Social Security Office of the Population Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that it is the need of national development to continuously relax the settlement policy and gradually form a unified labor market, which can be said to be our ultimate goal. Starting with household registration, gradually lift the mobility barriers between labor factors.

Join the talent competition from the provincial level to the county level

At the beginning of 20 17, the plan of "retaining one million college students in five years" in Wuhan started the first shot of talents. This year, the competition for talents is mainly concentrated in new first-tier or second-tier cities, such as Wuhan, Xi, Chengdu, Nanjing and Xiamen.

On March 2, 2065438, Beijing announced the establishment of a "green channel" for talent introduction. All qualified scientific and technological innovation talents, cultural and creative talents, sports talents, financial management talents, high-skilled talents, patent inventors and freelancers who are in urgent need in Beijing can apply for introduction. In the same month, Shanghai also proposed to build a "talent peak". In 20 18, more than 100 cities in China issued talent policies, and first-tier cities and third-and fourth-tier cities also began to compete for talents.

At the beginning of this year, the policies of competing for talents in various places were released in a centralized manner. According to statistics, as of February 20 18, 20 19, at least 16 cities have introduced various talents introduction and settlement policies. According to the statistics of reporters, there are 3 first-tier cities, 4 new first-tier cities, 4 second-tier cities, 4 third-and fourth-tier cities, and county-level cities 1. The competition for talents is in full swing.

Buying a house and living allowance have become an important means.

Buying a house and living allowance have become an important means to attract talents. At the beginning of 20 19, several cities issued relevant policies: Bozhou City, Anhui Province can receive a maximum of 800,000 family expenses; Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, granted housing subsidies of 6.5438+0.5 million yuan and 200,000 yuan to master's and doctoral graduates in three years; Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province gave the top talent team who settled in Ninghai the highest funding of 654.38+0 billion yuan; Chengdu High-tech Zone provides more than 5 sets of talent apartments for entrepreneurial teams, and gives a one-time start-up capital support of up to 5 million yuan.

The talent introduction services in various places have also been further improved. On June 65438+1October 10, Beijing issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening the Construction of Skilled Talents in the Capital in the New Era", proposing that five types of high-skilled talents, such as winners of the Chinese Skills Award, people enjoying special government allowances from the State Council, and people who have made outstanding contributions in Beijing, can directly introduce talents according to regulations, and their spouses and minor children can move with them; On the basis of the "second batch" introduction of college graduates, Shenzhen will expand the "second batch" to the introduction of on-the-job talents, the introduction of overseas students, and the entry of postdocs and their spouses and children; Haikou Municipal Government has set up a "one-stop" platform for talent service, and implemented one-stop acceptance, one-time notification and one-stop service.

In addition, Nanjing revised the Nanjing points to settle down, and the first housing area was per 1 square meter 1 minute, with a maximum product of 90 points, and the area of multiple suites was not accumulated; Xiangyang City, Hubei Province issued a document to deposit the housing provident fund for 6 months in a row, and can apply for a provident fund housing loan.

The policy of increasing the number of talents is quite effective.

On February 13, Xi released the Notice of the General Office of Xi People's Government on Further Relaxing the Access Conditions of Some Household Registries in our City. This is the seventh adjustment and upgrade of the household registration policy since Xi issued the "detailed rules for the most relaxed settlement policy" at the beginning of 20 17.

According to local media reports, since the implementation of the new household registration policy, Xi 'an has added more than 6.5438+0.05 million people and settled more than 8,000 people in a single day. In 2065438+2008, there were 795,000 migrants from outside the city, including doctoral degree or above 1.253, and education and talent introduction accounted for 63.5%. In addition, Nanjing, Hefei, Chengdu and other cities that have repeatedly increased their talent policies all settled in over 65,438+10,000,438+08 in 2065.

However, the phenomenon of brain drain and return is also very prominent. According to statistics, 23% of people fled the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen for about 15 months and will choose to return to first-tier cities.

■ explanation

1 Why is there competition for talents?

Yang Yansui, director of the Research Center for Employment and Social Security in Tsinghua University, believes that the phenomenon of competing for talents in various places is precisely the manifestation of the demographic structure of China. From 20 12 to 20 18, the total fertility rate in China has been lower than 1.8, and the average annual labor force has decreased by more than 6 million. At the same time, the average life expectancy in China has now increased to 76.7 years, resulting in a small number of births, a low mortality rate and an average life expectancy, resulting in structural problems among the dependent population, the working population and the retired population. Therefore, both the so-called high-end talents, the working population and even consumers are increasingly in short supply, and they are the driving force for sustainable economic development. "Talents have always been the object of competition, but we have seen that the working-age population and even people with spending power have become the object of competition."

In addition, Chen Qiulin believes that the competition for talents is also related to urbanization. In the process of urbanization, the number and scale of cities have increased, and the demand of working population has increased. No matter what level of cities, they are facing the problem of lack of people.

In this regard, Yang Yansui proposed to attach importance to theoretical research. Yang Yansui believes that there is a lack of research on fertility economics and population economics in China at present, and the "street ditch" has not been paid enough attention. Insufficient research on the laws of population structure, the consequences of violating the laws and how to deal with the new problems brought about by changes in population structure will lead to a relatively slow response to macro-planning.

2 How do cities retain talents?

Chen Qiulin believes that in the short term, lowering the threshold for settlement can indeed attract talents, but in the long run, especially at the national level, a new policy of relaxing settlement restrictions will test the strength of cities to retain talents. Good economic prospects, numerous pillar industries, social stability, beautiful ecological environment and perfect public services all reflect the strength of the city.

"We should play the role of a service-oriented government and warm up the city." Chen Qiulin proposed that in addition to the industrial base and economic strength, we should also provide better public services such as medical care, education and transportation. According to the diverse and personalized needs of young people, we should formulate policies and establish a long-term mechanism to retain talents.

In view of the forging of the city's own strength, Yang Yansui thinks that it should change from simple quantitative development to quality and characteristics. Urban development should be nationwide, and all regions should follow the overall planning and comprehensive transformation of local culture and resources. "Some are suitable for green planting, and some develop tourism instead of blindly following the trend to develop real estate." Yang Yansui pointed out that only cities with comprehensive transformation and humanistic development atmosphere can retain talents and population and give full play to their roles.

3 What kind of talents does urban development need?

Chen Qiulin believes that with the change of China's economic structure, the definition of talents is also changing, and the threshold of academic qualifications cannot be a simple measure. "As long as it meets the actual needs of urban development, talents play an important role in local key industries and key fields."

In this regard, Yang Yansui believes that education in China is in urgent need of reform. Yang Yansui said that with the development of society, the phenomenon of "many things are left unattended and many people have nothing to do" will appear in all countries, and so will we. This requires interdisciplinary training, reforming the talent training mechanism and changing people's lagging employment concept. "It is not that the higher the educational background, the less services are provided, and the more developed the economy, the greater the demand for the service industry." Yang Yansui pointed out that it is the characteristic of this era to let everyone realize that * * * enjoys mutual assistance services in the economy.

In addition, Yang Yansui pointed out that in an aging society, the demographic dividend comes not from low-cost labor, but from a high-quality population. This requires the working population to have higher human capital, a good asset structure and be able to drive the economy with consumption. Whether it is the working age stage or the aging stage, the contribution to the country and local governments is greater than personal consumption, so it can appear in production and generate dividends. "This demographic dividend takes time to cultivate." (Reporter Ma,,)