(2) the trunk of a tree. Liu Zongyuan's biography of planting trees and camels: "Shake it and see its secret."
3 fundamentals; Foundation. "History": "Wang wants to do it, but instead."
④ refers to agriculture. "On Accumulation": "Today's back to the end, there are many eaters."
5 source; Root cause. "The Original Extinction": "People have their own reasons for doing things, and they are lazy and taboo."
6 according to; Foundation. Photo: "Although the job of an ideal school has one ~ first, it is to increase the loss and polish it."
⑦ Stack the original site and check it. Biography of Lingguan: "Is it all from people to suppress their success or failure?"
8 original, original. "Mencius?" I want what I want ":"This is called losing my heart. "
Pet-name ruby originally; It turns out. Yugong Yishan: "It is in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang." Peacock flies southeast: "~ I have no lesson, I am ashamed of my family."
Attending the capital. Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou: "A son is not a maid."
⑾ Here; Own. Herb picking: "bud users say it themselves ~"
⑿ version; Di Ben's "trap": "Classics are all boards ~"
[13] Letters or letters from liegeman to the emperor. Miscellaneous notes in prison: "No difficulty, you have your own rules."
[14] strain; Trees. Hanshu? Biography of Gong Sui: "Let the mouth plant an elm tree, 100 to 50 onions and a bed of leeks."
A book. Trap: "If you stop printing 32 ~, it will not be easy."
2. How to translate the word "Ben" in classical Chinese means: the law of trees entering the ground through the trunk.
1, the root of vegetation: ~ grass (generally referring to traditional Chinese medicine). Wood without ~.
When I hear about those elderly people who are begging for wood, I will consolidate their fundamental "admonishing Taizong for ten thoughts"
2, the root of things, as opposed to "end": ~ end (head and tail; Always). root ~(root； Thoroughly; Essentially).
If there is such a person, it is Nair's Scholars as a metaphor for mountains and rivers.
3, the stem of the grass, the stem of the tree: grass ~ plants.
4, the central government, mainly: ~ department. ~ body.
5, the original text: ~ come. ~ collar.
6. In my own respect: ~ country ~ body ~ position ~ points (fèn).
7. People with ancestors but no blood relationship: family.
8. Self: myself.
Yu Zhi (Yuan Keli) personally ordered his resignation. -Ming Dong Qichang's "Sacrificing Yuan Huan Gong Xing"
9. Have a certain ability in one aspect: ability.
10, a generation of Yanshi in Xiangcheng, Henan: ". . Go, Qin, Ru, Ben, Ben. . "Yanshi genealogy
1 1, original: original.
Painting soil for a non-scholar, willing to be criticized. Sick plum restaurant
12, exploration, investigation: suppress the traces of its success or failure, but they all come from people. Preface to Biography of Lingguan
13, transcript: I can't bear to waste it now, so I will record it myself halfway. Preface to the Southern Guide
3. The whole meaning of Ben in ancient Chinese: ① the root of vegetation. Ten thoughts on Emperor Taizong: "When an elder asks for wood, he must have roots ~" ② Dry the tree. Liu Zongyuan's biography of planting camels: "Shake it ~ see its secret." 3 fundamentals; Foundation. Qi Huan: "The king wants to do it, but he does it." ④ refers to agriculture. On savings: "Today's back is getting heavier and heavier, and there are many eaters." ⑤ Source; Source. Original extinction: "those who do things have their reasons, and those who are lazy are also called it." 6 follow; Foundation. Photo: "Although the works of idealists appeared before them, they were embellished by adding loss." ⑦ Pile up the original data and investigate. "Biography of Lingguan": "Suppress the trace of its success or failure, and all from people?" Original, original. "Mencius? I want what I want: "this is called losing my heart." Pet-name ruby originally; It turns out that "Yugong Mountain" is in the south of Jizhou and the river is in the north. "Peacock flies southeast" is a disgrace to your family. "Attending capital. Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou: "Zi ~ Xiang Yu is not a handmaiden." ⑾ Here; Own. Herb picking: "People who use buds speak for themselves ~" ⑿ version; The second edition, folklore: "All ancient records are boards ~"13. Letters written by officials to the emperor. Miscellaneous notes in prison: "No difficulty, you have your own rules." 13. Plants; Trees. Hanshu? Biography of Gong Sui: "Let your mouth plant an elm tree, fifty onions and a bed of leeks." ⒂ One copy. Trap: "if you stop printing three or two copies, it won't be easy."
4. What does this ancient prose mean? 1, the root of vegetation.
Wei Zhi's Ten Thoughts on Advising Emperor Taizong: "If the elders seek wood, they must be rooted." I heard that if you want a tree to grow tall, you must fix its foundation.
2. The dryness of trees.
Liu Zongyuan's biography of planting trees and camels in the Tang Dynasty: "Shake it and see its secret." Shake its roots to see if it is planted loosely or tightly.
3. fundamentals; Foundation.
Pre-Qin Mencius and his disciple Jin Wenshi: "Wang wants to do it, but does the opposite." Wang wants to go, why not let him cut it himself.
4. refers to agriculture.
Jia Yi's On Accumulation and Sparse Storage in Han Dynasty: "People eat more today." Now some people go against the fundamentals and engage in industries such as industry and commerce, and many people eat.
5. Source; Root cause.
Han Yu's Original Extinction in the Tang Dynasty: "Things have their roots, and laziness and jealousy are also called." People who do this have their roots, which are laziness and jealousy.
6. according to; Foundation.
7. Duihara, check.
Ouyang Xiu's Preface to the Biography of Song Lingguan: "Is it all because of the success or failure of people?" Or is it because of human reasons to infer his success and failure?
8. original, original.
Pre-Qin Mencius and his disciples "I want the fish from Mencius": "This is called losing its true heart." If I do, it's called losing my nature.
9. Originally; It turns out.
During the Warring States Period, the example of Yugong moving mountains: "Now it is in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang." Ben is in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang.
10, the capital.
Liu Zihou's Epitaph by Han Yu in Tang Dynasty: "The son is a slave, not a handmaiden." You are equal, so you become a handmaiden.
1 1, here; Own.
Shen Kuo's Hundred Herbs Collection in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Those who use buds say so from the book." From the bud.
12, version; Diben
Shen Kuo's "The Trapdoor" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "The classics of later generations are printed on the board." In the future, books will be printed by block printing.
13, letters from courtiers to emperors.
Miscellaneous notes on Fang Bao's prison in Qing Dynasty: "No difficulty, this chapter is unique." This is not difficult, this chapter is detailed separately.
14, strain; Trees.
Ban Gu's Biography of the Sui Dynasty in the Han Dynasty: "Let a elm plant in your mouth, with a hundred onions and fifty leeks." Plant an elm tree, 100 scallions, 50 classes and a bed of leeks.
15, a book.
Shen Kuo's Trapped Door in the Northern Song Dynasty: "It is not easy to stop printing three Liang." If only three or two copies are printed, this printing method will not be simple.
Extended data
The present significance of "Ben":
1, the root of vegetation: materia medica (referring to traditional Chinese medicine in general). A tree without roots.
2, the root of things, as opposed to "end": end (head and tail; Always). Root (root); Thoroughly; Essentially).
3, the stem of the grass, the stem of the tree: herbs.
4. Central, mainly: headquarters. Ontology.
5. Original: Original. Skill.
6. My own side: my own country. In itself. Standard. Responsibility (fèn).
5. What does "suo" mean in classical Chinese? Cable 1. Used as an auxiliary word
It is often placed in front of verbs and combined with verbs to form the structure of "suo". The structure of the word "suo" is a noun phrase, which means "person", "thing" and "emotion".
For example, although I am stupid, I have heard about it. When "suo" is combined with a verb followed by a part-of-speech structure, the structure of "suo" plays an attributive role.
For example, at night, soldiers surround the house. I visited Zhu Hai, the butcher. This saint is unknown to the world, so he hides his ears.
In some sentences, "Wei" and "suo" echo each other, forming the format of "Wei". For example, Zhuang was forced to death by a policeman.
I got the news that my father was killed. ("New Stealing Symbol to Save Zhao") 3. Disyllabic function word "so".
There are two main uses: one is to express reasons. Such as relatives and ministers are far from villains, and this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since.
("Example") That's what I did. I took the national emergency first, and then I took personal revenge. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) means and purpose of expression.
Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. (Shi Shuo) 1. Reason, emotion.
Wen Zi? Nature: "There are masters who don't know the truth, and only saints can know the truth." Historical records? Preface to Taishi Gong: In Spring and Autumn Annals, thirty-six kings were killed and fifty were killed.
I lost it after reading it. Tang Hanyu's poem "Li Hua" said: "You ask questions, you don't answer, and you go all the way to the sunset. "
Jin Dong explained the first volume of Yuan's The West Chamber: "The matchmaker said,' I don't know it for you'." Sheng said,' I want to hear it.
"The Scholars" for the first time: "Ask the reason, all the counties along the Yellow River were killed by the river, and there were no houses in Tianlu." 2. It can form a noun phrase with adjectives or verbs, and still express reasons and feelings.
Zhuangzi? Tian Yun: "He knows beauty, but he doesn't know why." Historical records? Wei Kangshu's family: "We must seek the sages, gentlemen and elders of Yin, and ask them why they prospered the country, so they died and served the people."
3. used, used. Zhuangzi? Heaven and earth: "It is the three, not the principle of cultivating morality."
Historical records? Biography of Meng Changjun: "If you are in a hurry, you will never be able to pay for it. In fact, you are good for a gentleman and don't love literati. At the bottom, you bear the burden in the name of leaving the upper position. That's why Li Shimin is proud of you. " Several Strategies of Su Song Xun. Assess the situation: "Therefore, the prestige is beneficial, so the strength of the world is also cut. "
4. Conjunction. Indicates a causal relationship.
Used in the second half of the sentence, from cause to effect. Xunzi? The mourner said, "It's wrong to ask you this question without asking the official."
Northern Qi Yan Zhitui's Yan Jiaxun? Mu Xian: "There are many people in the world, and the ears are light and the eyes are light, and the distance is light and near ... So Lu called Confucius' Dong Jiaqiu'. "Tang Li Bai's Jingzhou with the Han Dynasty": "Once you climb the Dragon Gate, your reputation is ten times. Therefore, Longpan and Fengyi want to set the price in the name of Jun.. "
The sixth time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "He and Sister Lin are on the same day, so he remembers." Zhao Shuli, "Three Mile Bay? Holiday: "But she is the first to arrive every day, so she is familiar with the situation of this house. "
5. Conjunction. Indicates a causal relationship.
Used in the first half of the sentence, from effect to cause. Historical records? Biography of Wei Gongzi: "If you win, you will get married, and you can help others with high righteousness."
"Wu yue spring and autumn leaves? Gou Jian attacked Wu Zhuan: "Another day, a kind of admonition said,' I was in the (early) dynasty, so I stopped because of my illness. It was my son!'" "Surprise at the First Moment" Volume 28: "So the person who invited Xianggong from a long distance is about to visit Xianggong here." The first chapter of the first volume of Yao Li Zicheng: "Li Zicheng dared to run east because he contacted Luo Rucai to meet him at Tongguan."
6. Conjunction. Indicates a causal relationship.
Use "cause" or "fate" in the first half of the sentence and "so" in the second half. Later, it developed into a sentence pattern of "because ... so ...".
Tang Liusu, Datang Xinyu? Scherzo: "Because of my heart, I am surrounded." Guan Xiu's poem "Shu Wang attends classes in Daci Temple": "Because Zhidun talks about wonderful classics, Xu Xun talks about it."
"Travel Notes of Lao Can" for the first time: "Because I can't write eight-part essays, I don't have any at school." Lao She's black and white plum: "Black plum is my good friend. I know a little because I often go to his house. "
7. Yes. "Is it easy? Dry ":"Faithfulness, so I entered Germany; The rhetoric is sincere, so it is also a career. "
Zhuangzi? Zhibei Tour: "Although human relations are difficult, it is so bitter." Wang Jing Ci Volume 9: "Words can be consistent."
Wen Zi? Ren Shang: "You can rule the world by yourself and give it to the world;" Love yourself to rule the world, so trust the world. " 8. What did you do?
The Analects of Confucius? For politics: "Confucius said:' Look at what it is, what it is, and what its security is for. What about people? "How can people be embarrassed?" Kang Youwei noted: "Take it, too."
The combination of "suo" and "yi" constitutes a closely attached noun phrase, indicating the reason of a certain behavior or the means and objects on which the behavior depends. Later, it became a frequently used word in classical Chinese.
Its specific meaning and usage depends on what the word "one" should mean. If "Yi" is used as "cause", then "So" is "the cause of" or "the cause of". If we say "depend" and "depend", then "so" means "use" and "use"; If "rely on" and "rely on", "so" means "the person who uses it", "the basis of it" and so on. Classical Chinese should be translated flexibly according to the specific language environment.
In addition, "so" as a conjunction is the same as "yes", "yes" and "based on it", and can be interpreted as "so", which is the same as the usage of the conjunction "so" in modern Chinese.
6. What can classical Chinese say?
Ancient poems: 300 Tang poems, 300 Song poems and 300 Yuan songs.
Classical Chinese: A Thousand Poems, Book of Songs, Book of Changes, Analects of Confucius, Book of Rites, Shangshu, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Policy, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Everything is Wrong, Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Guiguzi. The Doctrine of the Mean, Family Instructions of Zhu Zi, Family Instructions of Yan Family, Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu Family, Songs of the South, The Sutra of Immortality, The Diamond Sutra, and Zi Tongzhi Jian.
Caigen Tan, Night Talk Around the Furnace, Tales of Small Windows, Aphorisms, Hundreds of Surnames, Travel in Qionglin, Enlightenment of Rhythm and Tamia Liu? Three Views, Hundred Battles, Long Wen Whip Shadow, * * * Language, Nightmare Shadow.
Biography, think tank, letters from Zeng Guofan, human stories, couplets, idle notes, Bitan, Suiyuan poems, Wen Xin Diao Long and Xiao Ji.
History: Historical Records, History of the Three Kingdoms, History of Han Dynasty, History of Later Han Dynasty.
Among them, Wen Xin Diao Long and Long Wen Bian Ying teach future generations how to write, which is very helpful to the study of ancient Chinese. Couplets and aphorisms are more like ancient Chinese grammar.
In addition, the "son of Yang" in the first volume of Chinese in the fifth grade of primary school
7. What are the ancient meanings of "Zhi"? In ancient Chinese, the usage of the word "zhi" is quite complicated. In ancient Chinese, "zhi" can be used as both a notional word and a function word, and it has different usages in different contexts.
There are two kinds of "zhi" as content words: one is pronoun; Second, as a verb. As a verb, "zhi" means "to"
For example, "the arrow of death cannot defeat it." (The Book of Songs? Wind? White boat ")-swear to death without his heart.
"Xiang Bo and Pei Gong's Army in Night Pool" ("Hongmen Banquet")-Xiang Bo ran to Pei Gong's barracks overnight. "Zhuang Xin defected to Zhao" means that Zhuang Xin left Chu and defected to Zhao.
"Zhi" as a verb is not common in ancient Chinese, so it is often used as a pronoun. When "zhi" is used as a pronoun, it is generally used as an object, indicating people, things and places. Most of the objects it represents appear in the context.
The pronoun "zhi" can be divided into demonstrative pronouns and personal pronouns. As a personal pronoun, "zhi" can be translated as "them", "them" and "them" as objects.
Such as: "You called for me, and I got my brother's business" ("Hongmen Banquet"); "Put it at the foot of the mountain and let the tiger see it" (Guizhou donkey); "My neighbor's widow Shi Jing left a man, so she began to help him" (Liezi? Tang Wen "); "Qing Zi, see a doctor; Female, the doctor, and, under, the noble also "("zuo zhuan? Zhao Gongnian "); "This Yao and Shun didn't want it, so they mobilized troops to catch it" ("Sun Bin's Art of War? See the king "). From the above examples, it is found that people who are replaced by personal pronouns by "zhi" do not necessarily have specific explanations in the context.
This depends on the language environment. As a demonstrative pronoun, "zhi" can be translated into "this", "this", "there" and "this". At this time, "zhi" can be used as an attribute or an object.
Such as: "Therefore" ("Snake Catcher"); "Two silly and how to know" ("Zhuangzi? Wandering around "); "Yue: No, Su Yizhi" (Mencius Xu Xing); "Don't learn self-knowledge, don't ask, don't know, act in ancient and modern times, have nothing" ("On balance? Real knowledge "); "If you get it, you will be surprised, but if you lose it, you will be surprised" ("Lao Tzu? Chapter 13); "Its master, keep it in detail, and repay it with work" ("Xunzi? Wang Ba "); "Different zai, the singer is very successful" ("Lv Chunqiu? Difficult "). As can be seen from the above examples, when "zhi" is used as a demonstrative pronoun, it is often used before nouns.
As can be seen from the above, when "zhi" is used as a personal pronoun, it is usually placed after the verb. Secondly, as a personal pronoun, the word "zhi" should be carefully understood and translated flexibly according to the context. For example, the word "knowledge" of "people are not born to know" has no antecedent in its context. Refers to the object of "knowledge", that is, knowledge, truth and so on. Translation can be omitted or translated into "knowledge or truth" according to the context.
Third, the word "knowledge" should be translated into "I" in the first person, such as "Lucky Tell Me" (Ximen Bao governs Ye); "The monarch must be born in decline" (Snake Catcher) and so on. As a function word, "zhi" has four uses: auxiliary words, conjunctions, prepositions and modal particles.
1. The auxiliary word "zhi" can be used in five situations: ① It is used between the modifier and the modified word, so that they form a partial phrase, indicating various relationships between the two items, which can be translated flexibly according to the situation. Such as "human suffering lies in being a teacher by example" ("Mencius? The word "zhi" in the sentence "On Li Lou" is used between the modifier and the modified word, which indicates the possessive relationship and is translated as "de".
(2) It is used between the verb and its object to promote the object, so as to achieve the purpose of emphasis. For example, "What's wrong with women's sins?" ("Zuo zhuan? Zhao Gong two years ").
(3) Used after adverbs indicating time to indicate the duration. Such as: "After a while, the smoke burned for a long time, and many people drowned" ("Zi Tongzhi Jian? Han Ji, Di Xian Jian 'an for three years), which can be translated as "in a short time".
(4) Used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence. Such as "I wonder if the East is white" ("Complete Works of Dongpo? Fu on the Red Wall), not translated.
⑤ Used after adverbs and before predicate or subject structure, indicating the strengthening of mood and the prolongation of intonation. Such as "the father of the monarch, the monarch is far away" ("The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo ").
2. As a conjunction, "zhi" does not connect predicate phrases or sentences to form a joint relationship like "qi", "yi", "er" and "ze", but connects the attribute and the head to form a positive structure, indicating the possessive or modifying relationship, which is equivalent to the auxiliary word "de" in modern Chinese. ① Connect the attributive and the head language.
For example, "Can Your Majesty win the head of Ji Xiang today?" (Yes), connecting the noun attribute "Ji Xiang" and the noun head "Tou". (2) Connect the subject and predicate, so that the subject structure can be transformed into noun phrases with definite relationship.
However, the formation of this structure must act as subject, object, predicate and adverbial of time in the sentence. For example, "Great, Yao is the king!" ("Mencius? In On Teng Wengong, "Yao is king" is a subject-predicate structure, and the conjunction "zhi" is inserted in the middle to make it a neutral structure, which is the subject of the adjective "da". This is a verb inversion sentence, which is used to connect the subject and predicate, but it should not be considered as a noun component, because it does not act as a subject, object and other components in the sentence, but is used as a clause in Canada.
For example, "Parents love their children, which is far-reaching" ("Warring States Policy? ), the word "knowledge" is untranslatable. 3. When "zhi" is used as a preposition, it is translated into "and" and ".
In this case, "zhi" can be used as adverbial or adverbial structure, but this situation is rare. Such as "what a person loves, how to be a monarch" ("Book of Rites? University), as an adverbial, can be translated as "a person can't clearly know what he loves." "
4. As a modal particle, "zhi" is often used at the end of a sentence, especially in verse, which expresses an exclamation tone and also has the function of filling syllables. For example, "God listens to it, and the valley is a woman" ("Zuo Zhuan? Xiaoya? Xiao Ming), "zhi" is a modal particle here.
Of course, "zhi" is rare as a modal particle in ancient Chinese. To sum up, in classical Chinese, the word "zhi" can be classified as a neutral word, which acts as a component, pronoun, verb, function word, conjunction, mood, auxiliary word and preposition. Therefore, it is better to classify "zhi" as a neutral word.
8. What is its classical Chinese explanation?
Hole: Make a hole in it.
Habit: dig this hole
Advantages: those advantages, good places
Ask the reason: ask the reason for this matter
Exclusive: Enjoy this benefit.
Hunger his body and skin: starve him and make his skin thin.
Grab the boat: quickly carve a mark on the boat with a knife.
Torture his mind: frustrate his mind
Exert your muscles: make your body tired.
As big as a fist
Self-understanding its meaning: naturally understanding its meaning.
Increase its old system: expand its old scale
His: When he comes back tomorrow, he will prepare a goose feeder for his brother. -"Mencius"
The third person pronoun. He (she, it), his, theirs, theirs: ~ ugly. Advise self-reliance Promote success. People are exhausted. Each has its own position.
3. Demonstrative pronouns. That (this), that (this), that (this) kind: there are many people. It's true.
3. Conjunction. If, if: if ~ is difficult, you won't go.
4. Classical Chinese auxiliary words. Speculation, rhetorical questions, expectations, orders, etc. : ~ What can I do? Uh ~ encourage.
5. Empty fingers, meaningless: north wind ~ cool. Talk big.
Here (there): Enjoy ~.
7. [Other] [Other] Other.
Second, second, second.
(9) [Other] Others, the rest.
In fact, in fact: under the fame, it is really difficult.
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Its j and 1 Auxiliary words Used after interrogative pronouns to express interrogative mood. 2. Used for place names. 3. used for naming. In the Han dynasty, some people tried to eat and ate.
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Its auxiliary word j1 Often used after "there".
9. Ask for an explanation in classical Chinese! Qian Ao makes a rude phone call, of course he can refuse, but after apologizing, he can eat.
original text
Qi is hungry. Qian Ao eats for Tao and hunger (2). Hungry people will be invited to compile (3), and trade will come in a hurry (4). Qian Ao ate on the left and drank on the right, saying, "Hey! Come to eat (5)! " Why do you give and get what you want from the people and look up at it and say, "Give only what you don't eat, and you will get what you want!" " So Xie Yan (6) died without food. Hearing this, Ceng Zi said, "It's only a tiny bit! You can also go, and your thanks are edible. "
To annotate ...
(1) This section is selected from Planting Bows. ② Food (si): Give people food. (3) Mei: Cover your face with sleeves. Jv: Body physics can't keep pace. (4) reckless trading: the eyes can't see clearly and rush forward. (5) Oh: With a contemptuous call. (6) follow: follow. X: I apologize. (7) Micro: It should not be. And: modal particles expressing exclamation.
translate
There was a severe famine in Qi. Qian ao prepares meals for hungry people passing by by the roadside. A hungry man covered his face with sleeves, shuffled feebly and walked recklessly. Qian ao took the dish in his left hand and the soup in his right, and said, "Hello! Come and eat! " The hungry man raised his eyebrows and said, "I just don't want to eat the food I got here!" " "Qian ao went up to apologize to him, but he still refused to eat and finally starved to death. Ceng Zi said, "I'm afraid it shouldn't be like this! Qian ao can certainly refuse when he is rude, but he can eat after apologizing. "