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New Jersey
Texas (Texas)
Another name
Lone star state
country
United States of America.
county government
Austin (Austin)
The largest city
Houston (Houston)
manager
Rick perry (rick perry)
official language
not have
zone
696,241km2 (second in the United States)
678,907 square kilometers of land.
Water area 17333 km2 (2.5%).
Population (2000)
The total is 20,851,820 (the second in the United States).
The density is 30.75 people/km2 (28th in the United States).
Join the federal government
Date1845 65438+February 29th, the 28th country joined the United States.
time zone
US Central Time: UTC-6/-5
U.S. Mountain Time: UTC-7/-6 (parts of western Texas)
latitude
25 degrees 50 minutes to 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude
longitude
93 3 1' west to 106 38' west
extensive
1.065 km
long
1.270 km
altitude
The highest claw is Guadalupe, 2667 meters.
Average 520 meters
Minimum 0 meter
abbreviate
Postal service: TX
ISO USA: TX
Texas, abbreviated as Texas, is the largest state in the southern United States and the second largest state in the United States, second only to Alaska. The name of the country comes from the Kaddo language "tejas" of the Hasainai nationality in India, which means "friend" or "ally". When Spanish explorers named Texas, they mistook this personal word for a place name, which has been in use ever since.
Texas borders the Gulf of Mexico in the southeast and Mexico in the south. With an area of 696,5438+0,000 square kilometers, it is the second largest state in the United States, second only to Alaska. The population is 654.38+0.7349 million (654.38+0.996,5438+0). Austin, the capital. Houston, the largest city. Originally from Mexico, 1836 became independent from Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. 1845 merged into the United States and became a state of the United States. The economy has long been dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry. Large-scale pasture and shepherd boy are one of the representative characteristics of the state. The number of cattle (mostly beef cattle) is about1.700 million, ranking first in China. Fort Worth and Amarillo are famous livestock markets, and most livestock are transported to the corn belt. Sheep, turkeys, chickens, etc. Very prosperous. Agriculture mainly depends on irrigation, mainly producing cotton, followed by rice, peanuts, fruits and vegetables. Since the discovery of oil near Beaumont in the southeast in 190 1, it has become the first oil-producing area in the United States. There are many oil wells from the coast to the Gulf of Mexico, and various industries centered on refining and petrochemicals have developed. In recent years, tourist spots have been developed and cutting-edge industries have been developed. Houston is famous for NASA's space development.
Several important symbols of the country are:
State Flower: Texas Blue Flower (Lupin Texas)
Zhou Ming: Friendship
State nickname: Lone Star State (the state flag from this state)
State Tree: Carya cathayensis
State bird: mockingbird
State song: Texas, our Texas
National symbol animals (there are three kinds):
Small: pangolin
Large: Texas longhorn
Birds: Mexican bats
Second, history.
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Texas originally belonged to Mexico. 182 1 year, Texas is a part of Spain's new Spanish colony. After Mexico's independence, Texas became a part of Mexico's Abela and Tejas. Since11920s, a large number of American immigrants have flooded into Texas. 1835, 18 On February 20th, Texans signed the first declaration of independence in Goliath. Then the Mexican government banned slavery, and these slave owners were not satisfied, so Texas officially declared its independence on March 2, 1836 and established the Republic of Texas.
Four days later, after a two-week offensive, the then Mexican dictator General Antonio López de Santa Anna annihilated about 200 Texans hiding in the Alamo. "Remember the Alamo" became the slogan of Texas independence. )1836 April 2 1, near San Hakito (now Houston), Antonio? Lopez? De? Santa Claus? The Mexican army led by General Anna was defeated by 800 Texans led by General Sam Houston.
Then the United States recognized the Republic of Texas. 1836 The newly established border between the Republic of Texas and Mexico after the Texas Revolution is controversial. Mexico refused to recognize the independence of Texas, announced that Texas would be reintegrated into its territory, and warned that if the United States intervened, war would break out between the two countries. Texas maintains an independent position, emphasizing that the Rio Grande is its border. Britain tried to mediate the dispute, but failed because Mexico refused to recognize Texas. 1845, the United States announced that it would recognize the Rio Grande River as its border if Texas was willing to join the United States. In the same year, Texas joined the United States and became the 28th state.
Third, zoning
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The capital of Texas is Austin, the largest city is Houston, and other most important cities are Dallas and San Antonio.
Major cities in the Capital Region:
Austin (Austin)
Major cities in Houston area:
Houston (Houston)
Galveston.
Texas City (Texas City)
Beaumont
Brian (Brian)
College station
Major cities in Dallas:
Dallas (Dallas)
Lun Jia (Garland)
Fobos (Fort Worth)
Arlington (Arlington)
Major cities in San Antonio:
San Antonio
A major city in the narrow strip
Amarillo (Amarillo)
Rabock
Major coastal cities near the Gulf of Mexico:
Galveston (Galveston)
Gopaschi Christie (Corpus Christi)
Major border cities near the Mexican border:
El paso
Laredo (laredo)
Mccarron (mccarron)
Fourth, geography.
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Texas is open and flat, rising inland from the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico in the southeast, followed by the prairie and high plains (about 900 meters above sea level), with only mountains above 2000 meters above sea level in the southwest. The main rivers flow to the southeast, and the Rio Grande is the largest. The climate is relatively dry.
National Park
big bend national park
Guadalupe Mountain National Park
Padra Island National Park
Demographic situation
The residents of Texas are often called "Texans". Texans and Texans have different meanings in English. Texans refer to Texans between 1836 and 1845, while Texans refer to Texans when Texas was one of the States in the United States after 1845.
In the 2003 census, there were 22,118,509 people in Texas. Nearly a third of them are Latinos. Some of these Hispanic residents are immigrants from Mexico, and most of them are illegal immigrants. Others immigrated from Central or South America. As for other residents, such as Tejanos (en:Tejanos, meaning "Texas" in Spanish). Is a resident who lived here before the independence movement in Texas and has a long history.
In addition, there were quite a few German immigrants in early Texas, most of whom lived in Fort fredericks and New Braunfels. After the European immigration tide of 1848, until World War I. The number of immigrants from Germany, Poland, Norway, Czech Republic and other countries is increasing. The influence of these European immigrants on Texas is quite obvious in architecture, place names, music, food and so on.
In recent years, the number of Asian residents in Texas has also increased, especially in Houston and Dallas. Most of the residents here come from China, Vietnamese, Indian, Korean, Japanese, Taiwan Province and Palestinian countries and regions.
At present, the racial proportion in Texas can be divided into:
52.4% are white (non-Hispanic)
32% is Hispanic.
1 1.5% is African-American.
2.7% are Asian Americans.
0.6% are indigenous Indians.
2.5% is half-blood.
According to the census, Mexicans (24.3%) are the most ancestors in Texas, followed by African Americans (1 1.5%), Germans (9.9%), Americans (7.2%) and Irish (7.2%).
In terms of religion, the belief ratio of Texas population is:
66% Protestants
23% of Roman Catholics
1% Other Christians
1% followers of other religions
6% of unbelievers
Among the Protestants in Texas, Baptists are the highest (32%), followed by Methodists (9%) and the Church of God (3%).
Verb (abbreviation of verb) economy
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In 2006, the GDP of Texas was $65,438 +0.0856 billion, second only to California and surpassing new york. Texas is famous for its beef production, with an average output of over 65,438+06,000,000 cows. In addition, cotton is also a product of Texas and the second most valuable crop in the state.
Texas has always had positive comments on business. Dezhou is famous for its low housing cost, low personal income tax, loose commercial restrictions and abundant oil and gas reserves. Oil production accounts for one-third of America's supply.
Politics of intransitive verbs
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Law and government
The Constitution of Texas, which came into effect from 65438 to 0876, is the second oldest state constitution in the United States, but it is still in force. The contents of state constitutions generally list the "separation of powers" and the "bill of rights" written directly into the first part of the constitution (Article 1), and also include some unique laws and regulations in Texas.
political system
Within the executive branch of Texas, there are the following positions: Governor, Captain Governor, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Land Commissioner and Attorney General. The Commissioner of Agriculture, the Texas Railway Commission, the Texas Department of Education and the Secretary of State are all elected by universal suffrage. Except for the Secretary of State, he is appointed by the Governor.
The governor is the commander-in-chief of the army (state police, state national guard, etc.) ) under the jurisdiction of the state. He can also veto bills that have been passed by the Texas legislature and call special sessions at any time when the state legislature is not in session. These abilities can be used indefinitely. The current governor is rick perry.
The Auditor-General of Finance is responsible for forecasting and distributing the annual revenue of the state government, so as to allocate and formulate the national budget.
There are also a large number of state agencies State boards/State Commission in the Texas government, and the governor has the final power to appoint all these departments. In addition, the Governor appoints vacancies in the judiciary during the election period.
Texas has a bicameral legislature, with 65,438+050 members in the House of Representatives and 365,438+0 members in the Senate. At present, the speaker of the State House of Representatives is R-Cladic, while the speaker of the State Senate is the deputy governor. At present, the deputy governors are * * * and Republican david dewhurst.
local administration
Texas has 254 counties, which is the state with the largest number of counties in the United States. According to the state law, every county has a county commissioner's court (English: Commissioners' court, but it doesn't mean trial and judicial power, but the interpretation of county government in Texas has been used for a hundred years). Each county is divided into four districts (sub-bureaus), and each district has a county chairman (English: county commissioner's sub-bureau X, where X is any number between 1 and 4). The county committee court has a county judge (English: county judge), who has no judicial role but only serves as the chairman of the county committee court.
In fact, the county Commissioner's court is the "mayor's Committee" urban management system in the United States. County judges and four county commissioners are all elected by the people, and most of the elected people are hardliners in Texas.
Unlike other States, Texas law does not allow the establishment of a city-county Coalition government, nor does it allow the re-establishment of a "metropolitan government" to manage local affairs. Cities and counties can only make "local agreements" to share public services. The power of the county government is also strictly restricted by the state laws and the state constitution, and it is not allowed that "the county power is greater than the city power".
There is no township government under the law of Texas, and the land in the county is only divided into two kinds of administrative governance: incorporated and non-incorporated.
Seven. education
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Public universities:
The University of Texas has seven campuses: Austin (main campus), Arlington, Dallas, El Paso, Odessa, San Antonio and Taylor.
Texas A&M University has ten campuses: University Town (main campus), Business Campus and others.
Texas State University
Texas University of Science and Technology
Texas Women's University
University of Houston
Texas Southern University
Private universities:
baylor college of medicine
University of North Texas
Aiberlin Christian University
baylor university
Rice University
American University of South America
texas christian university
South Trinity University
University of Dallas
Dallas Baptist University
Eight, sports
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Rugby:
National football league
Dallas cowboys (dallas cowboys)
Houston Texans.
National University Sports Association (NCAA)
University of Texas longhorns.
Farmers Team of Texas A&M University (Texas A&M University; Master of medicine)
Dezhou Institute of Technology (Dezhou Institute of Technology)
Texas bobcats.
Baylor University Team (Baylor University)
Texas Christian University (TCU)
Southern Methodist University (SMU)
Baseball:
MLB major league
Houston Astros (Netherlands)
Texas Rangers)
Little league
Round Rock Express, 3A Pacific Coast Alliance, home team: Houston astronauts.
San Antonio Church, 2A Texas League, home team: Seattle Mariners.
Christ Eucharist City Hook, 2A Texas League, home team: Houston astronauts
Middle-earth stone lovers, 2A Texas League, home team: Oakland Sportsmen.
San Francisco volunteers, 2A Texas League, home team: Texas Rangers.
Basketball:
American men's professional basketball league
Dallas Mavericks
Houston rockets.
San Antonio Spurs
National collegiate athletic association (USA)
baylor university
University of Houston.
Texas A&M University (Texas A & ampm University)
University of Texas (University of Texas)
University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP).
WNBA
baylor university
Houston comet (Houston comet)
San Antonio Silver Stars.
Ice hockey:
The National Hockey League.
Dallas Stars (Dallas Stars)
Nine. transport
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Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is the organization that manages the public transportation system in Texas (mainly expressway).
Important airport
Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) is the largest transshipment center of American Airlines.
Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) is the largest transshipment center of Continental Airlines.
Dallas Tian Ai Airport (DAL) Southwest Airlines Transit Center.
Houston Habib Airport (HOU) Southwest Airlines Transfer Center
Important expressway
East, west, north and south longitudinal expressway;
Us highway 59
Interstate 45 (connecting Dallas, Houston and Galveston)
Us-77[ mainly in corpus Christi area in southeastern Texas]
Interstate 37 [limited to San Antonio to Corpus Christi in southeastern Texas]]
Interstate 35
US-28 1
Us-287 in northern Texas [mainly from Fuhe City to Amarillo]
US Highway 87
Interstate 27 [limited to the Pan Gandel area in northwest Texas]
East-west lateral expressway from south to north;
US Highway 90
I- 10 (with the main traffic trunk line in Texas, passing through San Antonio and Houston on the way from El Paso to Beaumont)
Interstate 20
Interstate 30 [only from Dallas in northeast Texas to Arkansas]
Interstate 40 [limited to the Pan Gandel area in northwest Texas]