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This book is composed of experts and teachers who have been engaged in writing teaching and research for a long time in many well-known universities in China. Based on their rich professional knowledge and accumulated teaching experience, this book has been carefully compiled with full cooperation on the basis of fully absorbing existing relevant teaching materials and predecessors' achievements. The purpose is to make college students master the most basic knowledge of Chinese writing in theory and practice through simple and practical ways, so as to exercise and improve their writing ability and level. As a general basic teaching material in colleges and universities, although the content described in this book covers a wide range, involving the basic essentials, methods and skills of literary writing, such as literature, discussion, news, finance, justice, science and technology, administration, affairs, life and etiquette, it strives to be concise, convenient for teaching and learning, supplemented by vivid and clear examples and formats, and is not only very suitable for various majors such as literature, science, engineering, medicine and agriculture.
editor in chief
Xu Zhongyu
Associate editor
Song Binghui
Writing team members (in alphabetical order)
Literature and Wushu (Chapters 5 and 9 of Shanghai Jiaotong University)
Song Binghui (Shanghai International Studies University, 1 and chapter 4, unified manuscript, deputy editor)
Chen Lifang (Chapter 8 of Kaifeng University)
Lu (East China Normal University 10 and 1 1 chapter)
Wang Yaoming (Chapter 6 of Fudan University)
Lin Qing (Tongji University 12 Chapter 7)
Xu Zhongyu (East China Normal University, finalized, chief editor)
Xu Tiande (Chapter IV of Fudan University)
Qin Yi (Chapter II of Shanghai Normal University)
Han Aiping (Henan University 1, Chapter 3)
Xu Zhongyu, a native of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, was born in 19 15. Graduated from Chinese Department of National Central University (1939) and College of Literature of National Sun Yat-sen University (194 1). He has served as a lecturer, associate professor and professor in Zhongshan, Fudan, Tongji and Hujiang universities in Shandong. After 1952, he served as professor, dean, director of liberal arts research institute and deputy director of school affairs Committee of East China Normal University. Vice-Chairman (4th session) and Chairman (5th session) of Shanghai Writers Association, director of the National Higher Education Self-taught Examination Committee of the State Education Commission and director of the Chinese Language Professional Committee, and member of the Chinese Language Group of the Discipline Appraisal Group. President of National University Chinese Research Association, executive vice president and president of China Literature Theory Society, executive vice president of China Ancient Literature Theory Society, and editor-in-chief of Literature Theory Research and Ancient Literature Theory Research for more than 20 years. The Ministry of Education has compiled five kinds of "College Chinese" textbooks and dozens of monographs and books. Now he is honorary president of the above-mentioned society, honorary director of Chinese Department of East China Normal University, academic consultant of Chinese Culture Society, consultant of Peking University Institute of Chinese Education and Chinese Department of Peking University, and editor-in-chief of Literature Theory Research.
Song Binghui, born in 1964, is from Qidong City, Jiangsu Province. He graduated from Chinese Department of Fudan University with a doctor of literature. Currently, he is the vice president of the Institute of Social Sciences of Shanghai International Studies University and the deputy editor-in-chief of China Comparative Literature. He has been engaged in the research and teaching of comparative literature, modern and contemporary literature in China and literary writing for a long time. His main works are Nightingale under the Crescent Moon: Biography of Xu Zhimo, The Call of the City at Midnight: Mao Dun and Shanghai Culture, China Literature of the 20th Century (deputy editor), A Course of Contemporary Literature History in China (cooperation), Network: Where are you going (editor) and so on.
★ book excerpts
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Write a preface
Whether to offer "applied writing" or "college writing" courses in universities may not be completely decided. Now some are open and some are not. Whether it is a compulsory course or an elective course, how long it takes, how many credits are there, and a period of time, there are all kinds of situations. How to open, how effective the existing teaching materials are, how to teach, and which courses lack practical and serious discussion, research and communication. However, from time to time, we can see from the relevant reports in the media that some situations have really aroused many people's concern and worry.
This is a recent report:
Recruitment in Jiangsu talent market is embarrassed.
Liberal arts students can't write invitations well.
There are more than 80 liberal arts graduates in People's Daily, and few of them can write complete invitations. A few days ago, when a job fair was held in Jiangsu talent market, I encountered such a thought-provoking embarrassment.
Jiangsu talent market provides 65,438+00 jobs for graduates. After screening, more than 80 people were shortlisted. Among them, a girl from the journalism department of a well-known university in Nanjing is particularly prominent. Self-recommendation materials show that she not only won scholarships almost every year, but also won dozens of various honorary certificates, especially the thick stack of works published in several newspapers, which made her "superior". Afterwards, the recruiter said that they decided that if the girl passed the exam, she would be admitted to specialize in propaganda work, but the result was greatly unexpected. In the exam, one question is to write an invitation letter according to the materials. The girl listed the materials in the text. Not only did the title not have the words "invitation letter", but the article did not look up, and the time and place were moved to "remarks".
It is understood that most of the invitations drawn up by more than 80 candidates taking the exam are "lacking arms and legs".
On March 3rd, 2004, KLOC-0, Xinmin Evening News took out ten positions in this talent market, and recruited for college students who graduated from liberal arts. Among the college students who signed up, after screening, more than 80 people were shortlisted for the exam. One of the girls who graduated from the journalism department of a famous school is particularly outstanding, and the self-recommendation materials get scholarships every year. Many copies of various honorary certificates, as well as a thick stack of works published in the newspaper internship, should have a good chance to be selected, but failed. Because she was asked to write the invitation letter according to the materials, she failed to write it well from the elements to the format. Most of the invitations drawn up by more than 80 candidates who took the exam were "short of arms and legs" and "few people could write complete invitations". Although it is not serious, there are only ten positions and more than 70 people are doomed to fail, the corresponding candidates are always a setback, which is definitely quite unexpected for liberal arts graduates. This is a problem worthy of deep reflection and remedy by the university education community. Because, under the set situational conditions, it is not demanding that liberal arts graduates try to write invitations or leave letters on the spot, demanding completeness. In the excessive competition, the recruiting unit obviously has no time to find out the reasons for depression for everyone who loses the election. In addition to their own reflection, principals and teachers who are directly responsible for education should also pay attention to and improve. College students will go to work after graduation. The rapidly changing and developing life and various undertakings require college students to have at least general practical writing ability. It can be said that in the future, no one can do without good practical writing ability to write general and certain professional needs. I don't mean that all college students should become excellent writers, nor do I mean that I should become a profound scientist in a certain aspect, but an ordinary person with basic knowledge and certain professional qualities. Because every ordinary person has many social and working relationships, they often need to constantly explain, communicate, convey and declare ... Formally, they must also be written in words. And all writing needs to master some basic writing methods, common sense and skills, and necessary research, investigation and training. What is more important is the cultivation of ideological morality and personality, and the concern and familiarity with the world and human feelings. Imagine that even if you want to write an invitation letter or a leave of absence completely, you should have the potential of objectivity, subjectivity, rationality, sensibility, feasibility, possibility and sensitivity besides literally not typing wrong words. Writing skills, in the final analysis, should be cultivated and developed on the basis of understanding the world, people's feelings, serious study and continuous training, rather than just reading overnight. However, if universities can offer this course, teachers can teach it well, and students have the opportunity to study and learn it well, it will still have a positive effect, avoiding detours or taking fewer detours. A more suitable textbook needs to concisely provide the general principles of writing, the writing characteristics of various documents, and specific examples. The practicality of this course is particularly important. The principle of writing is basically the same as that of all kinds of writing, so it doesn't need to be complicated and abstract. It is full of new terms, new concepts and many new socialist empty words, which are taken up by courses such as "Introduction to Literature" and "Literature and Art". Helping students to understand and understand the basic principles has been proved to be effective through practice and gained knowledge. General knowledge transfer still needs to select some specific contents of real masterpieces to analyze and confirm, rather than relying solely on the introduction of teachers. It is definitely not good to speak abstractly without practice. Teaching knowledge is always just the teacher teaching to the end. Because of the lack of questions, discussions and supplements, it is often boring and does not leave much impression. Let students be in a passive state, of course, can not attract attention and interest. Be sure to exercise more, just like writing invitations, leaving letters, and making declarations on specified occasions. Discussing different writing methods in groups can not only encourage practice, but also facilitate collective discussion, complement each other and learn from each other. Introduce the common reports and discussion materials about writing shortcomings in newspapers and periodicals to students in time. The more active and serious a teacher is, the more he can guide students' extracurricular study in various ways. These extracurricular activities will certainly help to improve students' general practical writing. The nutrition gained from extracurricular impressions has a lot of inspiration for the study of such courses as "College Writing", which is also a manifestation of the combination of synthesis and practice. Many college students are afraid of writing, being exposed and being laughed at. This is understandable, and there is no need to be harsh. However, the less they write, the worse they will be, and their ability will grow from practice. Teachers should encourage students to speak and write boldly, pay attention to praise students' achievements, and encourage students to have a bright spot of progress in the trial work, and the fear will gradually disappear. This is a good method and experience of teaching people to write in ancient China.
At the invitation of Fudan University Press, this book was written by experts who have been teaching "College Writing" in Shanghai universities for many years in recent two years. The main task of the existing College Chinese course is to cultivate and improve college students' cultural spirit and humanistic quality by learning literary masterpieces. In fact, it is difficult to take the responsibility of guiding applied writing at the same time, but the course of "College Writing" needs to share this task more. From this course, we can give full play to the comprehensive knowledge of cultivating people, train more, read more and write more in practice, and combine in and out of class, expanding from general practical writing to professional writing we have learned. In the future, it's best to take on the writing task as soon as possible, make some preparations for adapting to various competitions in the future, and accumulate experience and information. Literary masterpieces and various academic monographs are different kinds of practical writing, which have great social benefits. A large number of practical characters with different natures and styles have their own characteristics. In fact, they are always trying to promote large and small work and projects, playing an indispensable social role. University experts and great scientists, while seriously writing great works, must also write letters and notes. They need in daily life, and often have valuable products. So small and big, express what you see, achieve something, see the big from the small, and let * * * achieve great things. Because of this, although we have done our best, we still feel that there are many shortcomings, and we will try our best to explore and seek more practical results. Experts, teachers and college students from all over the country are invited to give advice and help.
Xu Zhongyu
April 5(th), 2004
catalogue
Write a preface
The first chapter is introduction.
Section 1 History and Significance of Writing
Section 2: The Basic Connotation of College Writing and the Style of Books
Section III Basic Nature and Characteristics of Writing
Section 4 Basic Methods of Writing Training
Chapter II Elements of Clauses
Section 1 Materials
Section II Theme
Section 3 Structure
Section 4 Language
Section 5 Title
Section 6 Punctuation marks
Section 7 Revision
The third chapter is the expression of the article.
The first part describes
Section 2 describes
The third section discusses
The fourth quarter lyric
Section V Description
Chapter IV Stylistic Writing
The first section is an overview of style
Section 2 Novels
Section 3 Poetry
Section 4 Prose
Section 5 Reportage
The fifth chapter is argumentative essay.
The first part is an overview of argumentative style.
Section 2 Prose
Section 3 Political Theory
Section 4 Literary Criticism
Chapter VI News Writing
Section 1 Overview
Section 2 News
Section 3 Communication
Section IV Special Report.
Section 5 News Investigation Report
Section 6 Radio and Television News Release
Chapter VII Financial Style Writing
Section 1 Economic Contract
Section 2 Advertising
Section III Economic Report
Chapter VIII Judicial Style
Section 1 Complaints
Section 2 Petitions and Petitions
Section III Statement of Defense
Chapter IX Scientific and Technological Stylistic Writing
Section 1 Overview of Scientific Articles
Section 2 Scientific and Technological Papers
Section 3 Science and Technology Report
Section 4 Explanation of Popular Science
Chapter X Administrative Documents
Section 1 Overview of Official Documents
Section 2 Types and Formats of Administrative Documents
Section 3 Writing of Administrative Documents
Section 4 Examination and Revision of Official Documents
Chapter II XI's Business Style
Section 1 Investigation Report
Section II Summary
Section III Plan
Section IV Briefing
Section 5 Rules and regulations
Chapter XII Lifestyle
Section 1 Concept and Classification of Lifestyle
Section 2 Personal letters
Section 3 Etiquette Documents