Haiyan was written in 190 1 March. /kloc-the industrial crisis that broke out in Europe in the 0/9th century quickly spread to Russia. During the crisis years from 1900 to 1903, more than 3,000 large and small enterprises in Russia closed down and more than 65,438+10,000 workers were dismissed. The industrial crisis and the pain of unemployment did not force the workers' movement to stop or weaken it. On the contrary, workers began to turn from economic strikes to political strikes, to demonstrations, to put forward political demands for democracy and freedom, and to put forward the political slogan of "overthrowing the czar's autocracy", which made the workers' struggle more revolutionary. The development of the workers' revolutionary struggle has had an impact on the peasant movement, and the student anti-government movement has become more intense. Lenin wrote in the article 190 12 "The Demonstrations Began": "Now we see that for various reasons, demonstrations have sprung up in subways, Moscow and Harkov. People's anger is growing everywhere, and it is increasingly necessary to merge this anger into a torrent, which will impact the tyrannical system that is rampant and rampant everywhere. ..... When people's resentment and open struggle start everywhere on the emerging Mars, the first and main thing is to supply a lot of fresh air so that these sparks can burn into a raging fire! "

While the Russian revolutionary movement was in full swing, Gorky arrived in Petersburg from Nizhny Novgorod (now Gorky City) on February 190 19, attended a special meeting held by the Russian Writers Association to commemorate the 40th anniversary of serf liberation, and delivered a sharp speech attacking the czar government. Then on March 4th, he took part in a student demonstration near Kazan Cathedral in Petersburg and witnessed the bloody suppression of students by the Tsar's constitutional police. He also signed an open letter written by some writers and social activists to protest against the atrocities of the czar's government. /kloc-in March of 0/2, after he returned to Nizhny Novgorod, he wrote a symbolic short story "Fantasia" and "Spring Tune" (also translated as "Spring Tune") according to his experience in Petersburg and the revolutionary struggle situation at that time, and the ending part was the famous "Haiyan". It is estimated that the writing time of this work will not be earlier than March of 14 and will not be later than March 24th.

Gorky said in Melody of Spring that when spring came, a group of birds were singing in the garden outside his room. They are arguing about "nature is about to wake up" and "freedom" and "constitution" Among them, the "seventh-class civil servant old sparrow" is a liberal. He once dreamed of freedom and constitution, and he shouted softly, "Long live freedom!" " , but immediately added loudly: "within the scope of legal restrictions." Respectable Old Crow has always been short and pithy. She always cries and says, "Wow-it's true!" This is both prudent and positive. ..... "Whistleblower Rooster" is "in line with the position", "Listen carefully to all creatures living in the air, water and underground, and pay close attention to their actions". He pays special attention to a group of newly arrived goldfinches because they dare to hope that the whole nature will wake up as soon as possible. The "four-level civil servant sparrow" smelled the smell in the air. When he was playing cards, he heard a "hereditary and respectable owl" say the same thing, saying that he would investigate, investigate and "get to the bottom of it." At this moment, the "poet lark" came, and he predicted that the night would disappear and the dawn was smiling. "I want to meet the sunrise, the morning, the light and the freedom." Needless to say, both the "fourth-class civil servant grey finch" and the "informer's cock" looked down on the lark, and the grey finch even called him "good gray … dirty goods". In the corner of the garden, there are a group of goldfinches sitting on the branches of an old bodhi tree, listening to one of them singing an inspiring song about a petrel from somewhere.

This work written by Gorky personifies birds, and adds official titles and titles to some of them to satirize the representatives of various classes in Russian society and attack the rule of the tsar. It couldn't be published at that time. Gorky wanted to publish it in Moscow's Courier, but it was rejected by the censor. Gorky immediately sent the novel to Life magazine in Petersburg, which was also rejected by the censor. But its ending, The Song of Haiyan, was published separately in the April issue of Life magazine. This is due to the "negligence" of the czar's censorship authorities. Posey, editor-in-chief of Life magazine, once recalled: "Haiyan was published after being examined in advance by the censor Ye Lageng, but he didn't see anything revolutionary about it." The censorship authorities soon discovered the serious mistakes caused by "negligence" and ordered the closure of Life magazine.

At that time, Haiyan spread like wildfire all over Russia in various forms, was quoted in revolutionary leaflets, and was published in revolutionary poems published abroad. Gorky himself really became a petrel before the revolutionary storm. He not only announced, but also summoned the coming of revolutionary storm. Because of this, the Tsar's constitutional police persecuted him and arrested him in April of that year. But the storm of the Russian revolution is more violent.