Pudong storytelling originated from spreading the causal theory of Buddhism. The master singers who live in Pudong use the language, pronunciation and intonation of Pudong to knock the cymbals, beat themselves, talk about themselves and sing themselves. Their contents are Buddhism and scripture, and the melody not only brings together the folk songs, Tian Ge songs, salt songs and fishing songs in Pudong, but also melts into the lotus in Buddhist music, gradually drifting away from "Bai Fan", that is, traditional Buddhism.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Illustrated Daily in Guangxu period once contained a picture of cause and effect, with the title of doggerel "Knocking cymbals to tell cause and effect, singing and gesturing, many people were fascinated by it, just for the local accent". It can be seen that the storytelling in Pudong attracted many audiences from the beginning, and its performance environment was not in the teahouse, but in the streets and lanes. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1906), it was recorded in the printed version of Hu Jiang Commercial Scenery Poem written by Master Yi An: "Every storyteller in the teahouse is a mirage, and every opera fan is chatting and listening with relish", which proves that the environment of "storytelling" has entered the small teahouse at that time; "One fan and one Europe" shows that the props of Pudong storytelling have been added; "Stealing time to listen to the taste", a word "contention" expresses the audience's voice. According to 1936 Chuansha Records, there was a storytelling shop in Pudong, Gao Qiao Town during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. According to the records of Sanzao Town, Pudong, in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, "some spacious tea gardens in Sanzao Town, in order to attract tea customers, please open more bookstores by cymbals"; "Zhou Pu Town Records" said, "This kind of rap was particularly popular in front of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression"; There are similar records of Pudong storytelling in Kangqiao Town, Peng Zhen Town, Tan Zhi Town and Sandun Town.
When China Quyi Music Integrated Shanghai Volume was compiled, judging from the pedigree of the descendants of old artists, Pudong storytelling began in the fifth to sixteenth year of Qing Daoguang (1825 ~ 1836), and its founder was Gu Xiuchun.
1932, there were two Shanghai book societies in Pudong. One is called "the society opened by a large group". Located in datuan town, Nanhui County; One is called "Shanghai Yongyu Society", which is located in Shunfeng Tea Garden in Yang Jing, Chuansha County. At that time, storytellers in Pudong occupied most of the tea gardens and bookstores in Pudong, and they also performed in the old city southwest of Pudong. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, both organizations were dissolved by the war.
1979 Shanghai heather Shanghai book team building group photo.
After the founding of New China, the Shanghai Shanghai Book Improvement Association was established. 1958 When Pudong County of Shanghai was founded, the Hushu Performance Team of Pudong County of Shanghai was established. 196 1 When the organizational system of Pudong County was revoked, it was placed in Shinan District and renamed Shanghai Pujiang Shanghai Book Team; 1978, Shi Chunnian was ordered to rebuild the Pudong storytelling institution. 1979 In May, Shanghai Chunjiang Shanghai Bookstore was established. 1987 Shanghai Chunjiang Shanghai Book Group jumped ship. Since then, the professional storytelling performance group in Pudong has ceased to exist. [3]?
Characteristics of storytelling art in Pudong
Singing forms of storytelling in Pudong
Pudong storytelling is performed in Pudong dialect with cymbals.
Shi Chun performed "Lin Xue Hai Yuan"
Lifting wood, folding fans and handkerchiefs are auxiliary props. The traditional form of performance is usually solo singing, and the actors are dressed in robes. Sing four poems or words with cymbals at the beginning of the performance, then sing the opening and say the original words. At the beginning of a long story, it is also a song. The long story is mainly about talking, sometimes interspersed with singing. After liberation, after reform, string accompaniment was added, and forms such as group singing and performance singing appeared. ?
Characteristics of storytelling performance in Pudong
When telling stories and rap in Pudong, the cymbals are used to render the atmosphere and increase the sense of beauty. The priority of cymbals changes with the development of the plot and the changes of characters' feelings, and the language is popular and vivid, full of life breath. ?
Singing ballads in Pudong
The tunes of Pudong storytelling are simple and lively, including long tone, slow tone, urgent tone and crying tone. Singing can be divided into two categories: Xixiang tune and Dongxiang tune. Songjiang is dominated by Xixiang tune, while Chuansha and Nanhui counties are dominated by Dongxiang tune. Pudong pays equal attention to storytelling and rap, pays attention to the plot and has a fast pace. Originally singing was the main thing, but at present, speaking is more important than singing. Lyrics are generally composed of seven sentences. ?
Pudong classic storytelling drama
Most of the books on storytelling in Pudong are mainly about history, loyalty and filial piety, chivalry, serving the country and karma. After liberation, there have been some adaptations and creations.
Category representative repertoire
Traditional bibliographies include Green Peony, Red Butterfly, Shi Gong 'an, Sangu Yumei, Skinny School, Hero, Safe and Steady, Three Heroes in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Bao Gong, Gong Peng, Shi Gong, Yang Jiajiang, Ba Zhu Qiao, Bai Yuyan, Hu Jiajiang, Shuihu and Fenzhuanglou.
Modern Bibliography Ma Yongzhen and Huo Yuanjia, etc.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, new bibliographies were compiled: Flying Tigers, Linhai Xueyuan, Pig Milk, Pudong Inclined Development, Renminbi Falling from the Sky, New Youth of the Times, Zanbei Cuisine, Last Sculpture, Farmhouse, Family Fun, China Pavilion, Marrying Female Songs, Asking More Questions, Watching the World Expo and Singing Flowers.
Popular storytelling area in Pudong
Pudong storytelling is popular in Shanghai Songjiang, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Chongming, Zhejiang Pinghu and other counties.
Inheritance and protection of storytelling in Pudong
The present situation of storytelling in Pudong
There are few professional storytellers in Pudong, and this folk art is gradually declining, so it is urgent to strengthen protection and inheritance. ?
Protection measures of Pudong storytelling
Beicai Town, Pudong District is gradually establishing a relatively complete intangible culture of Pudong storytelling.
In 2008, Shanghai TV performed Pig Milk.
The heritage protection system enables the precious and endangered Pudong storytellers to inherit and protect.
In August, 2007, Pudong storytelling exhibition hall was established, which displayed the historical and cultural accumulation of Pudong storytelling in ancient and modern times, demonstrated the intellectual heritage of folk artists who worked hard for hundreds of years, and tried their best to enrich the collection of the exhibition hall. The exhibition hall is open to the public all the year round to explain and publicize the characteristic culture of storytelling in Pudong, so that visitors can have a deeper understanding of Pudong's long history of folk art and expand their social influence.
In early June of 5438+in October of 2008 10, the Pudong storytelling inheritance base of Beicai Town Central Primary School was formally established. Select 35 outstanding students to participate in the training, and assign professional teachers to teach. After a period of training, the primary school performance team can cooperate with the community and schools to perform during the festival, making Pudong storytelling succeed. Accumulated more than two years of practical experience, Beicai Middle School affiliated to Shanghai Maritime University, Pudong storytelling inheritance base, was awarded the license in April 20 1 1, which made the training develop to a high level. ?
At the expert forum of national intangible cultural heritage Pudong storytelling held in June 5438+February, 2008, Mr. Wu, director of Quyi Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Art, proposed that "the national level should be the main body, regional barriers should be broken, a general survey should be conducted, the human resources of old artists in Shanghai should be tapped, and activities such as Quyi Invitational Tournament should be held to expand social influence and effectively protect Pudong storytelling. Realizing the sustained and healthy development of intangible cultural heritage has played a leading and promoting role in Beicai Town's "inheritance, protection and development" of Pudong storytelling.
In 2009 and 20 13, Beicai Town held the China-Shanghai International Art Festival "Pudong Beicai Cup" Quyi Invitational Tournament in the Yangtze River Delta, in order to strengthen regional cultural exchanges, inherit excellent national culture and build a cultural brand of Beicai. From Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, Pingtan, one-man show, Shaoxing Lotus Fall, Huzhou Santiao, Pudong storytelling, gongs and drums, Wenzhou drum lyrics, singing spring cattle and so on. One after another, they took the lead, and the Pudong ballad "Marrying a Girl", "Marriage in Pudong" and "Sub-contracting" selected by Beicai Town Wenguang Service Center received rave reviews.
Representative storytellers in Pudong
Shi, 1926, from Xiumingqiao, Quantang Township, Pinghu County, Zhejiang Province. Shi was an apprentice in a satin shop, and later studied under the folk artist Shen Yan, learning to sing cymbals. Mr. Shen Along's humorous storytelling language and many stories outside the flower arrangement greatly influenced the formation of Shi's later rap style and personality characteristics. Later, Shi said that he ran to the dock and left Pinghu. I went to jinshanwei Jinsinianqiao Teahouse to rap "King Cat" and was invited to perform in Songjiang Bookstore. After liberation, he was elected as the president of Songjiang Branch of Shanghai Hushu Improvement Association by storytellers. 1963, vice chairman of Shanghai Quyi Artists Association. I went to Beijing three times, attended the National Congress of Literature and Art twice, and participated in the National Quyi Exhibition once. He was criticized during the Cultural Revolution and died in July 1982.
Zhang Guiting, a native of Kangqiao Town, Nanhui, 1922, was born in the family of Taibao storytellers and Pudong storytellers.
When applying for non-legacy in 2007, Zhang Guiting performed "Little August 1st" by video.
1936, 14-year-old Zhang Guiting learned to sing Taibao books and Pudong storytelling with his father and ran around the pier. He used to insert Buddhism, gimmicks and suspense into his books to attract audiences, and the teahouses he visited were often full. Zhang Guiting devoted his life to the work "Little August 1st". Some main characters in "Little August 1st" are in the contradiction of loyalty, treachery, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, and right and wrong. Among these characters, he devoted himself to the strong love-hate relationship generated by his experience of wandering the rivers and lakes and bumpy life since childhood. After Beicai Town Wenguang Service Center became Pudong storytelling base, Zhang Guiting's Xiao Ba Yi was recorded for 23 hours in order to collect images of Pudong storytelling.
Lu Wenxian, 193 1, a native of Xinchang Township, Nanhui. Lu Wenxian dropped out of school at the age of 8 to study for his younger brother.
Lu Wenxian performed "The Legend of the White Snake" after his comeback.
Father Lu said that Pudong was going to run to the dock to tell stories. At the age of 9, he sang Flowers in December instead of his father, which won a full house applause. 196 1 year, according to the literary policy at that time, Lu Wenxian was sent to work in his hometown, and he never sang Pudong storytelling again.
Shi Chunnian, 1936, a native of Chuansha County, Shanghai. Once worshipped Ji Fengshan as a teacher, Ji Fengshan is a distinguished and independent family in Pudong storytelling art, which is quite famous. Shi Chunnian is constantly innovating in storytelling. In addition to his martial arts, he is also good at making stunts, combining martial arts books with stunts. As a short story in Pudong, he said that "Flying Horse vs Two Guns" can make the audience laugh for 35 minutes in 40 minutes, and it is all "in the meat". 1995 Punan Cultural Center held a solo storytelling concert for Shi Chunnian in Pudong. [8]?
Chen Jianwei, born in February 1960, was admitted to Shanghai Chunjiang Shanghai Book Troupe as an actor in April, and studied with Shi Chunnian, a famous Shanghai book artist, in the same year. Bibliography: Three Visits to Otome, Harry, The West Chamber, etc. In recent years, many excellent cultural programs have been created and arranged in communities and schools by using the tunes of Pudong storytelling. Her performance style is mainly opening and singing, with mellow voice, full expression and delicate expression. In 2008, it was included in the first batch of representative inheritors of municipal intangible cultural heritage in Shanghai.
Kang Yi was born in February 1960. 1July, 980, Zhang, a Quyi teacher at Chuansha County Cultural Center, recommended Shi Chunnian, a storyteller in Pudong, as his teacher. His performance is quite skillful, and his skill can be seen from his speech, response, acting skills and singing skills. The storyteller is articulate and coherent. A person can play a variety of roles, imitate accurately, not only speak and sing, but also perform. He can express his reaction properly, and portray characters with eyes, facial expressions and gestures. Good at modern short bibliography (commentary) and performance singing, with delicate expression and full expression. 1982, participated in Shanghai Quyi performance, and the program "A Basket of Eggs" won the second prize. During my work in the literary team of Beicai Commune, I often went to the countryside to perform and was warmly welcomed by the villagers. On April 20 10, he began to participate in the training and teaching work of Pudong storytelling inheritance base and carry on the inheritance. 20 14 was included in the fourth batch of representative inheritors of Shanghai municipal intangible cultural heritage.
Qi was born in June 1947. After graduating from junior high school, he was admitted to Shanghai Haiyan Crosstalk Art Troupe to study. After joining the league, he entered Huangpu District Opera School. After the closure of Huangpu District Opera School 1962, he returned to the troupe to continue his studies. 1964 became a trainee and a formal actor. Since 1980s, he has been engaged in mass cultural counseling. In 2008, he was included in the first batch of representative inheritors of district-level intangible cultural heritage in Pudong New Area. ?
Pudong storytelling was selected as a non-legacy
In June 2008, the "Pudong storytelling" declared by Shanghai Pudong New Area was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The artistic value of Pudong storytelling
Pudong storytelling is a native form of Quyi in Shanghai, which is deeply loved by local people and has important reference value for studying the development of local Quyi.