physical geography
Climate: Meseta Plateau in the middle has a continental climate, the coastal areas in the north and northwest have a maritime temperate climate, and the southern and southeast have a Mediterranean subtropical climate. The northwest is humid, and the inland and southeast are dry. Average monthly temperature from north to south:1October 65438+9.4-10.3℃; July19.1-28.1℃. The annual precipitation is generally 350-500mm, and the mountain area is as high as 1, 500mm. The central part of Madrid has a plateau climate, with dry heat in summer and dry cold in winter. Barcelona in the northeast is the most typical Mediterranean climate, which is mild and humid all the year round, hot and dry in summer, and the precipitation is mainly in winter, which can guarantee sunshine for more than 250 days a year.
Mineral resources: Mercury reserves rank first in the world, including coal, iron, bauxite, molybdenum, pyrite and oil. The forest area is vast, including European oak, oak, chestnut and Chinese fir. Rich in sardines and lobsters.
Location: Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe. It borders the Bay of Biscay in the north, Portugal in the west, Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar in the south, France and Andorra in the northeast, and the Mediterranean Sea in the east and southeast. The total length of Spanish coastline is 792 1km, and Spain's Sun Coast is a famous representative, including the Mediterranean coastline of 2058km, the Atlantic coastline of 1.728km, the northern Cantabria coastline of 1.086km and the Balearic Islands coastline of the Mediterranean of1.428km.. The coastline of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean is1583km long, the coastlines of Ceuta and Melia in North Africa are 20km and 9km respectively, and the coastlines of some small islands in North Africa are 9km long. The territory is mountainous and is one of the alpine countries in Europe. Plateau and mountains alternate with each other, with the national average elevation of 660m, 35% of the country's areas are above 1000m, and the plains only account for 1 1%, making it one of the highest countries in Europe. The main mountain ranges are Cantabria and Pyrenees in the north and morena and Andalusia in the south. The Mullah Peak in the south is 3478 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China.
Border: Spain's land border is 20 13km, including 720km with France and Andorra, 0/292km with Portugal, and 0/km with Gibraltar.
Spain is located in the southwest of Europe and shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal. Spain lies between 36 and 44 degrees north latitude, 9 degrees west longitude 18 minutes and 3 degrees east longitude 19 minutes. It is 840 kilometers long from north to south and 1000 kilometers long from east to west. With a land area of 504,750 square kilometers, the Spaniards say that their country is shaped like a cooked cowhide. After Russia, Ukraine and France, Spain ranks fourth in Europe, equivalent to one twentieth of the total area of Europe. Outside the peninsula, Spain's territory includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
The northern coast of Spain is the Bay of Biscay, and the northeast borders France and Andorra. The towering Pyrenees mountains separate these countries. Facing the Mediterranean Sea in the east and southeast, you can reach Morocco in Africa by crossing the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 14 km wide. Rectangular Portugal is Spain's neighbor to the west. The Strait of Gibraltar is the main route from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean, and its strategic position is extremely important. Spain and Britain have long been fighting for sovereignty here.
Excluding Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, the Spanish coastline surrounded by the sea on three sides is about 3,904 kilometers long, but the coast is relatively flat, and the real natural harbors are concentrated in the north, such as ferrol, Ponte Vidra and Vigo. Cartagena is the only natural port in the Mediterranean. The coastline in the southeast is not a port, but a beautiful beach resort. The famous bays in Spain are Cadiz Bay and Valencia Bay.
Spain has not only the famous Spanish Sunshine Coast, but also towering mountains. In Europe, she is the tallest country except Switzerland. Most of Spain is an ancient plateau. The famous Central Plateau stands in the middle of Spain, accounting for about 60% of the national area, with an altitude of 600-700 meters. The central plateau is surrounded by mountains on three sides: the Cantabria Mountains in the north and the Morena Mountains in the south, and the Iberian Mountains in the east separate the central plateau from the Aragon Plain. The west side of the plateau slowly extends, the terrain gradually flattens, and finally disappears along the Atlantic coast. If you drive around Spain, you will see snow-capped peaks and rolling hills from time to time.
Spain can be roughly divided into five geographical regions:
Northern mountainous area: There is the famous Pyrenees in Europe, and the whole mountain range stretches for thousands of miles with picturesque scenery. Throughout the year, whether on the mountains or on the plains, green is everywhere. Especially in asturias, the mountains are continuous, the pines are boundless, and the forests are gloomy.
Mount Cantabria, near the Pyrenees, is more than 2,000 meters above sea level, facing the endless Bay of Biscay in the north, with lush trees and charming scenery. There are many wide valleys between them, and the lake is as clear as a mirror. What's more worth mentioning is that there are countless waterfalls, which pour down from a height and are filled with water mist all day long, which is spectacular. It is not only an important cork producing area, but also a pastoral and industrial area where cattle and sheep are everywhere.
Central Plateau: The Cordillera Mountains in the middle of the plateau divide the Meseta Plateau into the old Castilla Plateau in the north and the new Castilla Plateau in the south. There are many famous olive groves and animal sanctuaries on this rolling mountain. The northwest of the central plateau and the northern coast of the Atlantic Ocean are mostly mountainous areas and mountainous areas. The mountain road is connected end to end, and the car sometimes travels in the mountain for a long time, as if it were still in its original position.
Aragon Plain: Aragon Plain is located in the Ebro River valley in the southeast of the Pyrenees, and it is a roughly triangular wavy plain. In the paleogeological period, it used to be a vast inland lake. Later, the lake flowed into the Mediterranean Sea and gradually became a dry land. Aragon Plain enjoys a pleasant climate, abundant rainfall and fertile soil all year round. Known as the "land of abundant water", it is not only a natural granary in Spain, but also an important producing area of grapes, oranges and other fruits.
Mediterranean coastal mountains: The coastal mountains extend from Andalusia in the southeast to Catalonia in the northeast, with a total length of 1.500 km. Walking on the soft beach, the sea and the sky are the same, and tourists are like a tide. Murata in the southern Andalusian Mountains is steep and towering, with an altitude of 3,478 meters. It is the highest point of Iberian Peninsula and is known as the "national backbone" of Spain. This mountain is full of mist and breezes all year round, and it is a good place for summer vacation.
Andalusian Plain: Located between the Mo Leneutre Mountains and the Andalusian Mountains. Here is a Ma Pingchuan, open and honest; Gwadar Keevil River runs through the whole plain from west to east, irrigating ten million mu of fertile land. Because the towering Andalusian mountains block the humid air from the ocean, the climate here is dry and the summer sun is like fire.
spanish bullfights
Bullfighting is the quintessence of Spain, which is popular all over the country and enjoys a world-renowned reputation. Although it is controversial from the perspective of animal protection, it is regarded as western culture.
The unique ancient tradition of Spanish bullfighting performance class has been preserved to this day and has been welcomed by many people. The bullfighting season is from March to 10. During the bullfighting season, two races are held every Thursday and Sunday. If there are holidays and national day celebrations, you can watch them every day.
[Edit this paragraph] National history
brief history
Celts immigrated from Central Europe in the 9th century BC. Since the 8th century BC, Iberian Peninsula has been invaded by foreigners and ruled by Romans, Visigoths and Moors for a long time. The Spaniards fought against foreign aggression for a long time and won the "Recovery Movement" in 1492. 15 16, Juan, Queen of Castilla, and Charles I (Spanish name: Carlos), son of Philip I, as grandchildren of the family of Trastamara, inherited the throne of Castilla, Leon, Aragon and Wagner for Carlos. Established the earliest confederate country in Europe to unify the central kingship. /kloc-was a maritime power in the 0 th and 6 th centuries, and then gradually declined. 1837, Isabel Ii formally merged it into a country after passing the constitutional monarchy bill, and decided to use the Spanish word "Espa? A "(Phoenician, meaning" hare ") naming, ended the * * * main confederacy mode after more than 300 years.
193 1 year, the dynasty was overthrown and the Republic was established. 1936, the coalition government led by the People's Front was established. Franco launched a civil war in 1936, seized power in 1939, and declared the monarchy in 1947.
1492 In June, Columbus discovered the West Indies. Since then, Spain has gradually become a maritime power with colonies in Europe, America, Africa and Asia. 1588, the "Armada" was defeated by Britain and began to decline. 1873, the bourgeois revolution broke out and the first Republic was established. 1874 65438+ February Dynasty Restoration. In the Spanish-American War of 1898, the last colonies in America and Asia-Pacific-Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines were lost. Remain neutral in the first world war. 193 1 In April, the dynasty was overthrown and the Second Republic was established. 1936 In February, a coalition government with the participation of the Socialist Party and the Producer Party was established. In July of the same year, Franco launched a rebellion. After three years of civil war, he seized power in April of 1939 and practiced dictatorship for 36 years. 1943 In February, it entered into a military alliance with Germany and participated in the war of aggression against the Soviet Union. 1947 In July, Franco declared Spain a monarchy and became a lifelong head of state. 1in July, 966, Juan Carlos, grandson of the last king Alfonso XIII, was appointed as the heir.
1975 1 1 Franco died of illness, Juan Carlos I ascended the throne and the monarchy was restored. 1in July, 976, the king appointed the former secretary-general of the National Movement, A Suarez, as prime minister, and began the transition to western parliamentary democracy.
Prehistoric history
The earliest archaeological remains of human beings found in Spain can be traced back to around 30,000 BC to 50,000 BC. The prehistoric rock paintings of Neanderthals provide us with the life scenes of prehistoric civilization in Iberian Peninsula. The most important relics found in Spain include dark caves and pine caves, and of course the famous Alta Milla cave.
Celtic Spain
According to the latest theoretical research, Iberians came to the peninsula from North Africa. They mainly settled in the Mediterranean coast and further south, where Iberians created many different cultures, which are of great significance to archaeology. In the history of ancient Greece, the most important one was recorded, and the Greeks called it "Turdog". They are a tribe of Iberians, and have established a splendid kingdom in Gwadar Keevil Valley.
In 1200 BC, Celts from Central and Northern Europe entered the peninsula from the north. Blonde Celts intermarried with dark-skinned Iberians and spread to the whole peninsula. The only area in the history of Iberian Peninsula that has not been invaded by any foreign forces is probably the northern mountainous area where Basques live. Historians and sociologists have not yet figured out the origin of Basques, who are not related to any neighboring ethnic groups. However, some people have found similarities between Basque and Japanese. The only thing they know now is that the Basques are a very old ethnic group.
Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians
In 1 100 BC, the Phoenicians, a powerful maritime nation, established colonies on the peninsula, the most important of which was Gadir, which is today's Cadiz. At the same time, the Greeks established their own rule in the south and the Mediterranean coast.
During the Punic War, the Carthaginians took the opportunity to occupy most of Spain's land, leaving famous cities including Cartagena, which means "New Carthage".
Romans and Goths
After the Romans defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic War, they also extended their colonies to Spain and soon occupied the whole peninsula. The famous heroic story of Numancia was born in the process of Iberian resistance to Roman invasion. Since then, the peninsula has existed as the "Spanish province" of the Roman Empire on the Megatron Sea. The Spanish province is very important in the empire. Two Roman emperors, Tragano and Adrian, and Seneca, the great Stoic philosopher, were born here. Spain completely absorbed Roman culture, including Greek Latin and Jewish Christian politics, law, family, religion and customs, and Roman began to be used on the peninsula. Merida is the most complete Spanish city that preserves the remains of ancient Rome today. In segovia, you can also see ancient Roman canals passing through the city from mid-air. A unified civilization appeared on the peninsula for the first time.
In 409 AD, powerful Gothic barbarians invaded the declining Roman Empire, and in 4 19 AD, they established their own kingdom in Iberia, with Toledo as its capital. But the Goths did not make much contribution to the development of Spanish civilization.
Muslim Spain and the Renaissance War
The visigoths ruled until 7 1 1. At that time, 50,000 Muslim soldiers crossed the Strait of Gibraltar, defeated the Gothic soldiers who frightened the Romans with machetes, and won the great victory in the Battle of Guadalet. Four years later, Arabs swept across the peninsula, turning her into an Emir country and a part of the huge Arab empire, known as "Andalus country". In ancient China, it was called "green food". Although the resistance movement in the northern part of the peninsula never stopped, from the eighth century to the eleventh century, the strength of the Muslim empire continued to be amazingly consolidated. Spain absorbed splendid Arab culture during this period, but gradually broke away from the central rule of Damascus.
Abdullah III finally turned Spain into an independent caliphate. Under his rule, Spain ushered in an unprecedented cultural prosperity. Great progress has been made in urban construction and commodity economy, which has even promoted the development of Europe as a whole. Arabs brought the most advanced knowledge in medicine, mathematics and astronomy, and left a deep impression on Spanish music, art, literature and architecture. Alhambra Palace is the pinnacle of Arab art, at the same time, Arabic has left many words in Spanish. The most important cities at that time were Valencia, Zaragoza, Seville and Có rdoba. With 500,000 residents and a huge library, Có rdoba was the largest city and cultural center in western Europe in the tenth century.
However, in the 1 1 century, the constant infighting among the royal families (39 princes) led to the disintegration and decline of the Muslim empire, and the recovery movement intensified. The king of the north won one victory after another. By the14th century, only Granada was the last stronghold of Muslims in Spain, and they persisted for nearly a hundred years until the "Catholic King" incorporated her into the territory of the Kingdom of Castilla.
[Edit this paragraph] Cultural heritage
In 2008, Spain had 37 World Heritage Sites, ranking first among countries.
The Alhambra Palace in Granada, the historical center of Có rdoba, and the Burgos Cathedral in Henelali Garden.
Burgos Cathedral Escurial Monastery, Barcelona's Gul Park, Gul Palace, and Alta Milla Cave of Milla Building.
Segovia Ancient Town and Elevated Canal Santiago de Compostela Ancient Town, a parish during the kingdom of Asturias.
The ancient town of Avila and the churches outside the city, the historic Muldhal building in teruel, and the Galahonay National Park in Toledo.
Alcazar, Seville Cathedral, Ancient Town of caceres, Monastery of Salamanca Poblet, Ancient Archives City of the West Indies.
Archaeological site of Merida, Royal Monastery of Santa Maria in Guadalupe, Santiago de Compostela Donina National Park.
The lighthouse in Kuhles is the wall of Cuenca, the Silk Market in Valencia, the Catalan Concert Hall in Barcelona, Las Madras and the St. Paul's Hospital.
Yuso in San Milan and Su Suo Monastery, Iberian Peninsula University's rock painting art in the Mediterranean basin, the historical area of Al Calad Henares University and the historical area of Alcala.
Ibiza scenery: the archaeological site of Sancristobal Ata Pilca in Laguana and the Romanesque church of Wildbury in Catalonia.
The ancient ruins of Tarakoko and Ersh, the Roman wall of Lugo, Pamela, and the cultural landscape of Alan Huisz.
(2) (2) the Renaissance masterpiece Beida and baeza.
[Edit this paragraph] Sports
Football Spanish Football League One
[Edit this paragraph] Music with the same name
Chinese name of album: Spanish series album
Singer: Spain
Version: update the third "I believe"-update completed
Region: USA
Language: English
For Spain, I always feel this way-it's like you are lost in a street where you have lived for many years. Maybe your memories are sealed somewhere here, and you vowed to find them. You come to a completely strange bar, sit in the corner, endure the crisp collision of glasses on the dining table and the dreamy brilliance confusion caused by the refraction of red wine ... At this moment, someone begins to sing, which was originally a story or plain love that had nothing to do with others, but unfortunately your past was told by him one by one. Those embarrassing experiences, such as being bullied because of weakness in the past, or the first nocturnal emission, ugly and hasty school days. When you think of your doomed death in the middle of the night, your unspeakable personal feelings, your imaginary unsuccessful sexual partner, and the romantic relationship that just stayed in your mind, you tremble in bed, so you can only laugh loudly, smile with relief, blow out the candles in front of the table, completely melt into the darkness in the corner, and feel the past brought to you by this strange place under wonderful music, which is cold and indifferent.
Spanish celebrities
architect
Antoinio gaudi cornet
author
Miguel de Cervantes (Miguel de Cervantes)
explorer
Christopher Columbus (should belong to Italy.
Hernando Cortes (Hernando Cortes)
leader
El Cid
Buenaventura Duruti, a scholar in Buena.
Francisco Franco (Francisco Franco)
musician
Isaac Albeniz.
Newspapers. Casos (Paul casals)
painter
Barbereau Pablo Picasso.
Salvador dali (salvador dali)
Francisco Goya (Francisco Goya)
other
Samaranch (President of the Olympic Committee)
Sports Rafael Nadal Parela.
Territorial dispute An area claimed by Spain.
The Spanish government demands that Britain return Gibraltar, a small peninsula in southern Spain. 1704, Britain conquered Gibraltar in the war of succession to the Spanish throne. Due to the defeat of the war, Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain forever in the Treaty of Utrecht signed in 17 13. For many years after the war, the people of Gibraltar have always wanted to continue to accept British rule and supported it by an absolute majority in many referendums. In its recommendations (223 1 (XXI) and 2353 (XXII)), the United Nations asked Britain and Spain to reach an agreement on the question of Gibraltar in order to end the colonial situation. The Spanish government claimed that the United Nations solution was superior to the Treaty of Utrecht, so it demanded to recover the territory. In addition to sovereignty issues, the demarcation of the border has also caused disputes between the two countries. At present, the United Nations recognizes Gibraltar as a Non-Self-Governing Territory.
Neanderthals first entered present-day Portugal and were later replaced by Homo sapiens. As early as 1 millennium BC in Portugal, Celts had settled in Iberian Peninsula.
Liuhitania province
In 2 19 BC, the Romans invaded the Iberian Peninsula for the first time. Around 140 BC, the Romans conquered Portugal and divided it into a province of the Roman Empire called Lucerne, which ruled until the 5th century.
Germanic kingdom
In the 5th century AD, Germanic tribes (including Svibis, Vandals and Alans) invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Later, these tribes were expelled from Iberian Peninsula by Visigoths.
Moorish rule and restoration movement
7 1 1 year, North African Muslim Moors invaded the Iberian Peninsula, and the Visigoth Dynasty perished. Only the highlands of asturias in northern Portugal are still in the hands of Catholic Gothic nobles. In asturias, the Goths began to launch a "movement to recover lost territory", aiming at confronting the southern Muslim regime and re-ruling the Iberian Peninsula.
1 179, the region became the kingdom of Portugal, and expanded with the recovery of the Muslim-occupied part. The Portuguese border in modern Europe was completed by King Alfonso III in 1270.
Unknown waters online
Statue of former Portuguese navigator
The Atlantic coast of Lisbon symbolizes the emblem of Portugal's colonial empire: from the top right, Macao, Cape Verde, Portuguese Guinea, Mozambique, Portuguese India, Sao Tome and Principe and Portuguese Timor are the heyday of Portugal in the 15 and 16 centuries, with a large number of colonies in Africa, Asia and the United States, making it a maritime power. During this period, Portugal far surpassed other European countries in economy, politics and culture.
The Portuguese colonial empire was established on June 5438+0465438+August 2 1 day, 2005. The navigator Henry led the Portuguese fleet to conquer Ceuta, an Islamic trade center in North Africa. Then Portuguese navigators and explorers discovered uninhabited islands such as Azores, Cape Verde, Bioko, Sao Tome, principe island and Annoben.
147 1 year, the northern Moroccan city of Tangia, which had long competed with Spain, was finally occupied by the Portuguese.
1in the spring of 488, the Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias first explored Morsel Bay in the Cape of Good Hope at the southernmost tip of Africa, which laid a solid foundation for another Portuguese navigator, vasco da gama, to open up a new Indian route. 1498 On May 20th, Da Gama finally reached the beach not far from the Indian town of Coetzee Cote.
/kloc-in 0/500, the Portuguese navigator pedro cabral first saw the Brazilian coast.
150 1 year, Cabral discovered Madagascar in the Indian Ocean and arrived in Mauritius on 1507.
15 10, Albuquerque conquered Goa, India and Malacca, Malaysia (15 1 1).
After 15 14, Portuguese navigators arrived in China and Japan in the Far East. 15 17, Portuguese businessman and official Fernao Pires de Andrade arrived in Guangzhou, and his negotiations with the Ming court were called the beginning of modern China's contact with Europe. 1542 The Portuguese discovered Japan by accident, and later many European businessmen and missionaries were attracted to Japan (see South Manchuria Trade). From 65438 to 0557, the Portuguese occupied Macau and began to trade with China.
1522, the Spanish fleet led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the world for the first time.
The decline of the empire
/kloc-the territory of the Portuguese colonial empire in the 0/8th century, but with other European countries gaining maritime hegemony, Portugal's strength declined. 1580 was occupied by Spain because of the inheritance of the royal in-laws, and it was not until 1640 that it got rid of Spanish rule. The Portuguese colony was attacked by the Dutch and the British.
/kloc-during the 0/7th century, a large number of Portuguese immigrated to Brazil until 1709. In order to prevent population loss, John V banned Portuguese immigrants.
Lisbon earthquake
Major projects of Lisbon earthquake disaster 1755: Lisbon earthquake 1755.
1 755165438+1October1Sunday morning, an earthquake of magnitude 9 occurred in Lisbon. The losses caused by the earthquake, together with the ensuing tsunami and fire, razed the whole Lisbon to the ground. This disaster was an unbearable impact on the Portuguese economy at that time.
/kloc-the crisis of the 0/9th century
Document: PedroIVPortugal.jpg
King Pedro of Portugal proclaimed himself emperor in Brazil on 1822.
Flag of the Brazilian Empire 1807 Napoleon attacked Portugal, and in the same year 12 1 occupied Lisbon. It was not until 18 12 that she got help from Britain and got rid of French rule. 1808, the Portuguese royal family and most Lisbon nobles fled to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From 1808 to 182 1, this city became the capital of Portugal and the only capital in Europe that was not in Europe at that time.
1820 in August, a liberal revolution took place in Portugal. The first measure of the new government is to invite King Joao VI of Brazil to return home. Joao VI finally decided to return home with almost all the royal family members and ministers, and landed in Lisbon in July.
After Joao VI returned to China, the first Portuguese Constituent Assembly attempted to cancel all the privileges granted to Brazil by Joao VI, which plunged Brazil back into a colonial situation. The Brazilian people have long been used to having their own king and government, which further stimulated the Brazilian people's mood of having their own king and government. Brazil cannot accept the abolition of its privileges and recolonization. Pedro, the son of Joao VI, decided to stay and oppose the Portuguese government's resolution, and Joao VI acquiesced in his son's practice.
18211February, the Portuguese parliament urged Pedro to return to China on the grounds of completing political education, and stipulated that all provinces in Brazil should accept the jurisdiction of Lisbon. Driven by the Brazilian independents, Pedro refused the order of the Portuguese Parliament, established a new government headed by José bonifacio de Andrada, and established himself as the "Permanent Protector of Brazil" in May 1822. As a result, the Portuguese Parliament deposed it as the Regent of Brazil. 1On September 7th, 822, Pedro, who had just arrived in Sao Paulo, learned of this resolution, so he drew his sword on the Piranga River in Iraq and swore "Give me independence or give me death!" (Portuguese: independent ê ncia oumorte! ), officially declared Brazil's independence.
1 82210 June 12 Pedro was called the emperor of Pedro I in Brazil, and the coronation ceremony was held on 1822 12 February/0.
First Republic of * * *
19 10 The revolution overthrew the monarchy and established the first republic.
New rural period
File: Salazar1933.jpg.
Antonio salazar suffered a military coup in May 1933+0926, and Marshal carmone came to power and established a military dictatorship.
193 1 Finance Minister Antonio salazar organized the "National Alliance", and 1932 was promoted to prime minister in response to the financial crisis. The following year, he formulated a new constitution, established a neo-fascist state system (Estado Novo, the "second republic" in Portuguese history) and became a dictator. Salazar pursued fascist dictatorship at home and followed German-Italian fascism 1936 abroad to help Franco rebels attack the Spanish government.
During World War II, it remained nominally neutral and actually approached the Axis Group. After the war, he joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in April 1949 and accepted the Marshall Plan in June of the same year. 195 1 signed a military assistance agreement with the United States, and then signed various agreements to allow the United States to establish military bases in Portugal and its territory.
1On April 25th, 974, the so-called carnation revolution took place, and the "Armed Forces Movement" composed of a group of middle and junior officers overthrew the ultra-right regime that lasted for 42 years and began the process of democratization.
The third * * * and
The high-rise building in modern Lisbon 1986, Suarez was elected as the first literati president in 60 years. 1Feb. 8, 979, China abandoned the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Republic of China and established diplomatic relations with People's Republic of China (PRC) instead. 1986 joined the European union, and 1999 became one of the first countries to join the euro zone. 1999,1On February 20th, 1987, China and Portugal signed a joint declaration on Macao, returning the Macao regime to People's Republic of China (PRC).
country