Recently, some researchers or education departments published their own research reports and made an inventory of online education during the epidemic. What problems do these "physical examination reports" reveal in teaching and learning? What enlightenment and thinking will it bring to school education?
Breakthrough: Interaction is the key to get through the "human toure pulse" of online education.
Thinking: Is online learning an emergency way or a normal way?
The interaction between teaching and learning, and the interaction between teachers and students are always the basic elements of teaching.
As a participant in this online teaching, Teacher Xu of the Teacher Education College of East China Normal University admits that when she can't see the students' faces, she doesn't know whether the students are still in the classroom or not, and whether the students' ideas are accompanied by their own teaching ideas.
On the network platform, teacher-student interaction seems to be more convenient, but frequent barrage and numerous group chats lead to inefficient interaction.
A few days ago, the Research Report on Online Education Interaction of Primary and Secondary Schools during the COVID-19 Epidemic released by the New Media Communication Research Center of Beijing Normal University and Guangming Daily Education Research Center shows that the lack of interaction is the main problem of online education at present. In terms of interactive indicators, indicators such as study years, disciplines, school location, school categories, and teachers' teaching experience have different performances.
"Teaching activities are not one-way information dissemination activities, but social activities based on multi-dimensional interaction between teachers and students." Zhang Zhiyong, a professor at Beijing Normal University, said.
Teachers are actively thinking and trying. "Online teaching is more about whether students' thinking is on the spot. "Xu, a professor at the Teacher Education College of East China Normal University, said that if students want to integrate into the online classroom, the premise is to make students feel that the online classroom is not just a teacher's business, but that both students and teachers are creating this classroom.
Fortunately, Zhang Zhiyong saw the online teaching of the Chemistry Teaching and Research Group of No.4 Middle School in Linyi City, Shandong Province, and adopted the organization mode of "collective teaching and research of teachers, individual division of teaching, and independent management of classes". All chemistry teachers are divided into grade groups to prepare lessons collectively, and the division of labor teachers listen carefully, while the other teachers concentrate on listening, with full-time management. Every teacher has more time to study teaching, answer questions online and communicate with students.
Interaction in online teaching is not only closely related to user experience and teaching effect, but also profoundly affects the information literacy of teachers and students. Many teachers said that after the epidemic, we should give full play to the biggest advantage of modern "Internet+Education" online and offline mixed teaching.
"In the future era of artificial intelligence, school education will enter' intelligent education'. The so-called intelligent education is to give full play to the wisdom of team collective education, implement collective teaching and research and collaborative teaching, and can give play to the synergistic amplification advantages of Internet education. " Zhang Zhiyong envisaged.
"The low frequency and quality of teacher-student interaction in online classroom shows that the multi-dimensional, multi-level, multi-group and multi-directional interaction that has occurred in physical schools has not been well integrated into online teaching." Yang Xiaowei, a professor at East China Normal University, said that it will be an opportunity for future education to give full play to the advantages of "online learning" such as openness, interactivity, stimulation and technical appreciation, form a pattern of complementary advantages and common development with physical schools, follow the characteristics of online learning and highlight its advantages.
Challenge: abandon the simple copying of offline learning methods
Thinking: Online learning should guide students from passive learning to autonomous learning.
"Online classes in special periods are understandable, but mechanically moving offline courses online will not only fail to achieve the expected results, but also increase the workload of parental supervision. Children go to class online, and the family is busy from morning till night. It is really better for children to read more books and expand their specialties. " A netizen from Hebei said.
Get rid of the mode of "inculcating" and passively accepting knowledge from morning till night, and leave more time for students to dominate. This kind of voice comes not only from parents but also from students. According to Zhejiang Education News, in late February, Zhejiang Teaching and Research Section organized a survey on online learning of junior high school students and ordinary senior high school students in the province. The results show that among the seven online learning methods provided, the resource package learning method is the most satisfactory for students, that is, teachers provide learning resources and students learn by themselves.
This survey conclusion has also been recognized by Robin, president of Haidian Teacher Training School. "At the beginning of" non-stop classes and non-stop learning ",live classes were the main teaching method. However, in the third week, we conducted a survey on more than 600 teachers and students in Haidian District, showing that only 5% of the students prefer live broadcast, and more than 70% of the teachers and students prefer full recording or one-third live broadcast, which shows that students prefer online learning with "recording as the main part, supplemented by live broadcast". Why? A separate live broadcast is equivalent to the traditional classroom moving online. Students' questions can't be fed back in time, and they are easily distracted. Therefore, micro-video resources should be provided and task-based forms should be adopted to promote students' positive thinking. "
During their study at home, the students in Qingdao No.2 Middle School experienced a new way of learning-"MT study group": the teacher pushed the content of autonomous learning on the pad, and the students studied independently first, and then asked the teacher questions through the pad; Each MT study group * * * discusses the study plan together, establishes a WeChat study discussion group, shares the study problems and puzzles, and the group leader urges and records the study situation of each group member every week. The new organizational form of online courses makes students feel that learning should not be "supervised" but "their own business".
"The traditional classroom is a unified learning progress, while the various modes of online teaching allow students to flexibly master the pace and progress of learning and even learn different contents at different times and places according to their own situation, thus solving students' problems in a targeted manner and learning efficiency is higher." Robin analyzed that the current online education actually provides an opportunity for the classroom to change from "indoctrination" to "guiding students to learn independently".
How to implement modern teaching organization form?
Thinking: Teachers should change their teaching concepts and realize the butterfly change of educational technology reform.
As a teacher of a university in Beijing, Liu Hua has long been familiar with the basic functions of the online teaching platform, but he still misses the days of face-to-face communication with students.
Professor Liu Hua's course is "Selected readings of Marxist classics". In the past, in class, she would send copies of texts marked with the handwriting of different classic writers to students. "It's intuitive to read them against each other." But now, across the screen, she always has time difference with her students, "communication is not smooth."
Online education is challenged not only by students, but also by teachers who are used to traditional classroom teaching. With their proficiency in technical operation, greater anxiety comes from the inside of teaching and learning.
The survey report on online teaching of college teachers during the epidemic period recently released by the Teacher Development Center of Xiamen University shows that among the13,997 college teachers surveyed, more than 50% of the participating teachers think that there are still difficulties in maintaining students' attention, maintaining classroom order, organizing classroom discussions, online communication after class, feedback and discussion. When faced with the question "What is the biggest challenge brought by online education", the top three answers are "Need to change teaching strategies and teaching methods", "Change previous teaching habits" and "Change teaching concepts".
"Among the teachers who participated in the survey, 80% did not carry out online teaching before the outbreak." Xie Zuoxu, the teacher development center of Xiamen University, believes that large-scale online education makes all teachers face a truly modern teaching organization form, and teachers must change the classroom organization form: "We must create a number of high-quality online quality courses; Continue to train teachers' online teaching skills, and at the same time optimize teaching design. Teachers should consider making better use of mobile phones and avoid serious interactive screens and short-term network congestion to design teaching content. "
The reporter learned that according to the characteristics of online education, many teachers have begun to go deep into classroom practice. This semester, Li Xiaoming, an associate professor at the Law School of An Jiaotong University, has two undergraduate courses, namely Intellectual Property Law and Court Debate and Legal Negotiation. Because "Court Debate and Legal Negotiation" requires students to preview collectively before class, and conduct simulation training such as collective debate and negotiation in class, it is difficult to achieve good teaching effect through live webcasting. After starting school, she decided to teach this course, mainly teaching "Intellectual Property Law" online. "I am used to publishing my phone number, email address, QQ number, etc. On the PPT homepage. Students can ask questions in the way they like at any time. " Li Xiaoming also prepared PPT, legal documents, classic cases and other preview materials, in case of network congestion or other failures, let students make emergency or check for leaks; During the live broadcast, she opened the barrage to encourage questions at any time. In addition, she also established a nail group as a backup live broadcast tool to deal with various signal transmission failures: "The problematic teacher is online, which is the key to ensuring students' safety and online learning enthusiasm. "
Yu Xinjie, a professor of electrical engineering in Tsinghua University, believes that high-quality instructional design is the foothold of online teaching. He put forward three gradual teaching designs: "First, it is' breaking'. A class of 45 minutes or 50 minutes is too long to reach the original teaching quality, so it should be divided into 20-30 minutes to teach; Second,' moving', which requires more interactive means than campus classroom teaching to attract students' attention; The third is' reduction'. In order to reduce the content of classroom teaching moderately, on the one hand, teachers should make more detailed teaching design and sort out the teaching content inside and outside the classroom; On the other hand, effective measures should be taken to ensure that students can have effective learning behavior after class and achieve measurable learning results. "
Source | Guangming Daily
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