Keywords: decision-making; Moral decision model
The possibility of decision-making and the role of enterprise decision-making make how to make moral decision-making the core position and role in the process of modern western management and enterprise ethics management increasingly become the focus of scholars' attention. Herbert simon, a famous economist, put forward the viewpoint that "management is decision-making", that is, management research is decision-making, and the core of ethical issues in management research is a kind of moral decision-making of learning.
Hosmer (1987), a management scholar, thinks that moral decision-making should have the following typical characteristics: First, the breadth of consequences. Most moral decisions have a wide range of influences. Second, the diversity of choices. Many ethical decisions are made in various decision-making options. Third, complicated results. Ethical decision-making will produce various results. Fourth, the uncertainty of the result. Many moral decisions and uncertain consequences. Fifth, personalized decision-making. Many moral decisions and personal meanings. Enterprise decision-making is usually typical and has a very close relationship with morality. Moral decision-making is not a simple process, but a complex process with multi-functional characteristics.
In the process of modern enterprise management, there are many problems that need to be decided, and modern enterprises that make decisions also rely heavily on quantitative technology. But the reality is that quantitative technology can't solve the decision-making problem. No, decision-making in the process of enterprise decision-making is a factor that can never be fully quantified. In addition, if all the inputs and outputs of the decision can be calculated quantitatively, then all the decisions can be completed by computers. In this case, social and moral aspects must be taken into account in the decision-making process.
Any enterprise's decision-making activities are faced with the internal and external environment of the enterprise, and social psychological factors, political, legal and moral factors must be regarded as important external factors of management decision-making.
In addition, under the guidance of enterprise decision-making, the decisive key decision-maker was finally completed. Evaluate various possible options, in which decision makers rely on value? Make a value judgment. In a sense, decision is the essence of management decision. In other words, the difficult decision is the problem of management itself, but what are the values on this issue? Processing and selection. about
Moral decision-making plays an important role in the development of modern enterprises. On the one hand, ethical considerations in the decision-making process help enterprises to make better decisions. Binding and Gandz( 1992) pointed out that "if managers have a better understanding of their own values, social norms and moral standards, they can improve decision-making and decision-making analysis, taking into account social and ethical choices, which is beneficial to managers themselves, enterprises and society; Ethical analysis tools can help managers make better decisions and let clear stakeholders explain their behavior. "
Cultivating moral decision-making is conducive to a good corporate image and reputation. American way. The unethical decision of Knin Company's breast augmentation incident has had a disastrous impact on the company's image and reputation. Although the company took some remedial measures after the incident, it is still difficult to fundamentally reverse the situation. Imagine if the company's decision was based on moral considerations. Johnson & Johnson, Boeing, Hewlett-Packard, IBM and other companies have consistent moral considerations and good image and reputation in the decision-making process.
In addition, ethical decision-making is conducive to the establishment of competitive advantage of enterprises. The ethical consideration of absolute enterprise decision-making focuses on long-term interests rather than short-term goals in the process of enterprise decision-making, and maximizes the interests of multiple stakeholders rather than their own interests. In the process of moral decision-making, enterprises have won moral advantage, which is an important source of moral advantage and competitive advantage. Moral advantage and competitive advantage are reliable, successful and long-term competitive advantages.
Analysis of Determinants of Economic Ethics
Personal values of decision makers? However, according to his personal attitude, behavior experiment has become a moral decision, so this is undoubtedly the key. Research results based on personal values? What are the values of decision makers in decision-making, responsibility, honesty, ability and instrumentality? Decision-making behavior has a great influence. Rokic value of Fritzsehe? The results of the survey draw a basic judgment, that is, the personal characteristics, values, moral development stages and moral permission in the initial decision-making come from the purpose of the decision-maker's personal values. How to uphold values? The decision maker's morality determines the individual's direct influence.
Ethical decision-making plays an important role in the implementation of organizational characteristic environment. The establishment of moral corporate culture and the formation of organizational atmosphere play a leading role in the moral and ethical decision-making of decision makers. , scholar Fritzsehe( 1999), enterprises should consider many factors in the ethical decision-making of development, including: * * the same values, organizational culture, organizational policies and professional codes, moral factors in strategic decision-making and organizational characteristics of stakeholders.
The actual result of decision-making has an important influence on the moral status of alternative decision-making schemes. The moral status of scholar Jones (199 1 year) includes six aspects: one is the big and small consequences, that is, the behavior of harm and benefit; Second, the understanding of society is the acceptance of social behavior; Third, the possible outcome, that is, the possibility of harm or benefit, actually appears; Fourth, it is the nearest time, that is, the length of time before the consequences of the behavior begin; Fifth, close to the social, cultural, psychological or physical intimacy between decision makers and actors or victims; The sixth beneficiary, the scope involved, and the influence of human behavior. He said that confirming the moral state of probabilistic behavior is directly related to the level of moral decision-making alternatives. The decision-making procedure for solving management problems has a higher moral status and a higher moral status. This is a moral behavior and a more likely intention. Opportunities to improve and enhance the moral status of other decisions when choosing morality among the considered options.
Moral decision-making should pay attention to improving the personal moral quality of decision makers, establishing ethical organizational culture, weighing the position of morality in the decision-making process, and paying full attention to the decision-making process. Only by establishing a moral decision-making process can the morality of decision-making be truly guaranteed.
Related Models of Enterprise Moral Decision-making
Many foreign scholars have investigated the ethical decision-making of enterprise managers in their research. Famous scholars: Carol, Fritz Zeh, Perunar, Ferrer, Larry Hunt, Wittler, Tevino, Nelson, blanchard, Pierre, etc. , committed to the establishment of moral decision-making model. Based on the characteristics of this model, scholars can classify the author's ethical decision-making model into the following three categories.
1。 Model of enterprise ethical decision-making process. In the process of enterprise decision-making, the basic idea of how to make moral decision-making is to make some corrections in the general decision-making process and give certain ethical considerations.
This paper expounds the ethical considerations of decision-making, and points out that the process of ethical decision-making is a complicated process. In the study of modern western ethics, Fridge (1999) tried to complete the decision-making model of organizational ethics. He pointed out that ethical decision-making is a complex process, including four main steps: determining management problems, replacing decision-making procedures, and evaluating each scheme according to economic, technical, social and moral standards.