1, melamine passing off as milk powder technology
2, waste oil refining technology
3. Dyeing technology of steamed bread
4, bodybuilding pig breeding technology
2/kloc-0, Four Most Helpless Inventions of the Century
The first invention is the punch card machine.
It is said that the punch card machine was invented by IBM. Since the invention, white-collar workers who need to go to work every day have not had a good day. There are two kinds of action arts. There was a famous experiment that made a white-collar worker do nothing for a year, that is, punch in every hour. As a result, the white-collar worker was tortured into a mental hospital.
The second great invention is instant noodles.
Food is the most important thing for the people, but with instant noodles, the quality of life of white-collar workers has plummeted, and there are nine dishes for ten white-collar workers. The highest level of a brand is popularity and reputation. But the brand of instant noodles rarely has a good reputation. Every time I see a family of three generations holding a bowl of instant noodles for the New Year, I always feel that the boss's head is really out of water. For white-collar workers, being ordered by the boss to work overtime and eating instant noodles alone will kill the boss.
The third invention is the mattress.
Mainly refers to the foldable single mattress. It is said that in the 1970s, foldable single mattresses were all the rage in high-tech companies in Silicon Valley, USA. Bed is the companion who has been with human beings for the longest time: born in Sri Lanka, loved in Sri Lanka and died in Sri Lanka. But since Simmons, the mattress has an independent legal person status. You can sleep without going to bed This gives the boss an excuse to ask his employees to work overtime all night. When white-collar workers see their colleagues pull out mattresses from under their seats, especially when they hear that some colleagues are "wrapped in mattresses" because of overwork, their grief and indignation can be imagined.
The fourth invention is the mobile phone.
The main reason why white-collar workers hate mobile phones is that they lose their private time, and there is no difference between going to work and leaving work, especially when the boss asks them not to turn off their phones for 24 hours. Although white-collar workers hate mobile phones, they can't do without them, which can be said to be a mixture of love and hate. The only solution is to try not to use the mobile phone provided by the company. A sign that white-collar workers are promoted to the golden collar is to have two mobile phones, not the song "When I make a fortune, buy two mobile phones;" Nokia in the left hand, Motorola in the right hand ",but a company phone, a personal phone. Of course, the highest level is that you don't need a mobile phone. Anyone who has a photo taken by Li Ka-shing with his mobile phone can send it to me and ask for it at a high price.
Four New Inventions of China in the 20th Century;
1 hybrid rice: invented by Yuan Longping 1973.
Laser phototypesetting of Chinese characters: Invention by Wang Xuan 1979
Synthetic bovine insulin: 1964 A large number of scientific and technological personnel and inventions led by Niu Jingyi.
Compound artemether: the achievement of hundreds of scientists, invented in the late 1960s.
Four New Inventions of America in the 20th Century;
1 Atomic Energy: Oppenheimer. A large number of American scientists built the world's first nuclear fission reactor in the United States in 1942.
Semiconductor: 1947 invented by Bardeen, Brighton and Shortley in Bell Laboratories.
Computer: Invented by Mao Qili and eckert of the University of Pennsylvania on 1946.
Laser: 1960 was invented by Charles Downs and Theodore Mayman of Bell Laboratories.
The "four new inventions" of the 20th century-atomic energy, semiconductors, computers and lasers-completely rewritten the history of world science and technology development.
atomic energy
19 1 1 year, physicists found that the center of an electron is a positively charged nucleus. 19 13, Bohr proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in different orbits. 19 19, British physicist Rutherford used a positively charged. Particles bombard nitrogen and hydrogen and discover mass. 1932, chadwick, a student and assistant of Rutherford, discovered neutrons, and then proposed that the nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.
1938, physicists discovered the nuclear fission of heavy atoms. The power of nuclear energy is first used in war. 1in June, 942, the U.S. government launched the atomic weapons manufacturing program codenamed "Manhattan Project". 1July 6, 945, the world's first atomic bomb was successfully tested in the desert of New Mexico. Since then, the former Soviet Union
1949, Britain 1952, France 1960, China 1964.
The atomic bomb was successfully developed and exploded in June 5438+10. The peaceful use of atomic energy has become the voice of the whole world. 1942, the United States built the world's first fission reactor; 1954, the Obninsk nuclear power plant near Moscow was put into operation, marking the arrival of the era of peaceful use of atomic energy by mankind.
199 1 year, Qinshan nuclear power plant, the first nuclear power plant in China, was put into operation, followed by Daya Bay nuclear power plant.
semiconductor
1947, while studying the physical properties of semiconductor materials-germanium and silicon, three scientists, Badin, Brighton and shockley of Bell Laboratories of AT&T Company of the United States, accidentally discovered that germanium crystal had an amplifier. After repeated research, they made an amplifier with a magnification of 100 from semiconductor materials, which is the first solid-state amplifier in the world-crystal.
The appearance of transistor quickly replaced electron tube and occupied the world electronic field. Subsequently, transistor circuits continue to develop towards miniaturization. 1957, American scientist dammer put forward the bold technical idea of "making electronic devices in solid semiconductor boards without leads", which is the idea of semiconductor integrated circuits. From 65438 to 0958, kilby, an engineer of Texas Instruments, put discrete components such as resistors and capacitors into a semiconductor silicon wafer and made the first batch of integrated circuits. 1959, Noyce of Fairchild Company of the United States made a semiconductor integrated circuit by plane technology, which soon became a more attractive product than gold. 197 1 1 year, hoff of Intel company improved the computer circuit and put all the central processing units. With the increasing integration of components on silicon wafer, the development of integrated circuits has gone through the stages of small-scale integrated circuits, medium-scale integrated circuits, large-scale integrated circuits and VLSI. 1978, VLSI was successfully developed, and the integration level reached more than 65438+ million. Electronic technology has entered the era of microelectronics. At the end of 1980s, the number of components integrated on the chip exceeded100000.
computer
1946, the world's first electronic digital integrated computer ENIAC was born in Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania. ENIAC is like a giant, weighing 30 tons, covering an area of 170 square meters, containing 18000 electron tubes, but its operation speed is 1000 times faster than the best electromechanical computer at that time. The advent of ENMC, like a rock-breaking, opened up a new information age.
1949, the first stored program computer EDSAC was put into operation in Cambridge university. ENIAC and EDSAC belong to the first generation of computers.
1954, Bell Laboratories made the first transistor computer-tradic, which greatly reduced the size of the computer. 1958, IBM of the United States made a computer using all transistors, and the second generation computer was born. The operation speed of the second generation computer is nearly 100 times faster than that of the first generation computer.
In the mid-1960s, with the appearance of integrated circuits, the third generation computer was born, and its logo product was the IBM360 series computer produced by American IBM Company 1964.
The fourth generation computer uses large-scale integrated circuits as logic components and memory, which makes the computer develop towards miniaturization and giant. The microprocessor of computer has developed from the early 8086 to 80286.8086.80486, Pentium II and Pentium III.
At present, the research of the fifth generation computer-intelligent computer is getting better and better. The main feature of intelligent computer is that it has artificial intelligence, can think like a human, and its operation speed is extremely fast. It not only has a hardware system that can support high parallelism and reasoning, but also has a software system that can handle knowledge and information.
At the turn of the century, the frontier fields of computer technology include: neural network computer. Superconducting computer, biological computer and optical computer.
laser
1958, Downs and Sholo of Bell Laboratories published a classic paper on laser, which laid the foundation for the development of laser. 1960, American Mayman invented the world's first ruby laser. 1965, the first device capable of generating high-power laser-carbon dioxide laser was born. 1967, the first x-ray laser was successfully developed. 1997, MIT researchers developed the first atomic laser.
The appearance of laser has greatly changed the production and life of human beings;
In the field of communication technology, the basic device on which optical communication depends is the laser, and the optical disc for storing information can store hundreds of megabytes of information. Overseas optical communication has entered the development stage of 1 terabit /8; The research of optical computer is also deepening.
In the field of energy, laser can be used as industrial and military energy, and high-power laser can be used for controlled nuclear fusion research.
In the medical field, laser therapy has been applied to surgery, internal medicine, gynecology, dentistry, otolaryngology and oncology, and can treat hundreds of diseases. Laser acupuncture can penetrate the skin painlessly and aseptically to achieve the purpose of treatment.
In addition, laser also appears in military, biological engineering and other fields, and its application scope is expanding day by day. Therefore, laser is known as the "light of the century" in the 20th century.