original text
Worrying about the constitution and seeking goodness is enough to smell (xǐao, whispering), but not enough to move the public; On the other hand, virtue is noble and far-reaching, enough to touch the public, but not enough to educate the public. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs, he must learn it!
Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn, they don't know ('Tao': ancient and modern different meanings, referring to the Confucian way). He is a citizen of the ancient king, and teaching is the first. "Yes (Say) Ming" says: "Reading begins with learning." That's what it means!
Although there are delicacies, I don't know the use of food; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness. It is to learn before you know enough, and to teach before you know it is difficult (confused). You can introspect if you don't know enough, and you can be self-reliant if you are sleepy. As the saying goes, teaching learns from each other (promotes). "Duiming" said: "Learn half." (The former word "learning" is pronounced as "Yi", which means educating others, while the latter word means learning from others. ) that's what it means!
In ancient times, teachers had schools at home, xiáng in the Party, orderly skills and state-owned schools.
Enter school every other year (every other year) and take the middle-aged exam. Different from the classic year; Three-year-old professional music group; Be a teacher for five years; Seven years of study and making friends is a small achievement. Nine years of knowledge and understanding, strong standing (strong will) without opposition, is called great achievement. Husband is enough to change customs, and those who are near say (yuè "yue") those who are far away are pregnant (yearning), which is also the way of university. Ji says: "moths ("ants ") learn from their children." That's what it means!
At the beginning of the university, Pi Yi offered sacrifices to vegetables to show his respect for Taoism. Xiao Ya III, this was the official beginning. Admission drum (qiè), Sun (who has the heart of submission) also has his career. Early summer (The Last Month Of Summer and Chu Fang, a class of faculty members), received their prestige. I don't look at my studies, but I swim in my ambitions. Watch the time to talk and keep your heart. Young people listen and ask, but they can't learn quickly. These seven aspects are also the major relationship (outline) of teaching.
"Ji" said: "Where to learn, officials should do things first, and scholars should be ambitious first." That's what it means!
When teaching in a university, you should have a proper career while teaching and study when you retire. If you don't learn to run, you can't settle down. If you don't learn bo yi, you can't learn poetry; You won't be polite unless you learn miscellaneous clothes. If you don't like your art, you can't enjoy learning. Therefore, a gentleman is interested in learning, seclusion, leisure and nature. Therefore, he has learned to be safe, his teachers are close, his friends are happy, and he believes in the Tao. Although far away from the teacher, but not rebellious. "Saving Life" says: "To Sun Wu Zhimin, it is time to repair." That's what it means!
Nowadays, teachers, [1], groan that they have a lot of information and words, and then ignore their own safety, which makes people insincere, teaches people not to make the best use of everything, and the application is also the opposite, and the pursuit is also a Buddha (stroke). But if you are a husband, you will hide your study and attack your teacher, and you will suffer from it without knowing its benefits. Although it is the end of the matter, it must go quickly and teach it without punishment.
University law: it is forbidden to say underdevelopment; When it can be called; If you don't pay attention, call Sun; Looking at each other is good, called friction. These four things are also well taught.
If you send it and then block it, it will be invincible; If you study outside your time, you will work hard and it will be difficult to achieve anything; Miscellaneous giving without grandchildren, bad and chaotic without repair; Studying alone without friends is ignorant; Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher, and Yan Bi abandoned school. These six things are all taught and abandoned.
A gentleman knows both teaching and being taught, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman is figurative. Tao (d m ℉ o) leads, strong and restrained, open and accessible. Tao leads to harmony, strength leads to restraint and opening leads to thinking. Harmony with Louise is a good metaphor.
Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different. Know his heart, and then save his loss. Teachers should also learn to be good and save the lost.
A good singer makes people follow his voice; A good teacher will make people follow their ambitions. His words are also true, but they are subtle and difficult to compare, which can be described as following the crowd.
A gentleman knows the difficulty of learning, the beauty and the evil, and then he can metaphor, metaphor and then he can be a teacher, a teacher and then he can be a long, long and then he can be a king. Therefore, teachers are also teachers, so learning to be a gentleman is also a reason to choose teachers. "Ji" said: "Three kings and four generations, only their teachers." That's what it means!
The way to learn: stricter than the teacher is more difficult. Teacher Yan respected the Tao, and the Tao respected the people and respected learning. Therefore, there are two reasons why you don't serve the minister: when you are a corpse, you serve the minister; When he was a teacher, he was also a servant. The gift of a college student, although written, respects the teacher.
A good scholar can get twice the results from his teacher's study, and then he will be mediocre, while a bad scholar can get half the results from his diligent teacher, and then he will complain. People who are good at asking questions are like attacking wood. Those who are easy first, then their procedures, after a long time, tell each other to solve. People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. Be kind to those who ask questions, such as ringing the bell. If you tap them gently, they will ring. If you hit them hard, they will ring. Wait for them calmly and then go all out. People who are not good at answering questions are the opposite. This is the way to learn.
It's not enough to be a teacher, but also to listen to the language! If you can't ask about force, then talk about it, talk about it without knowing it, although it is possible to give up.
A son who is good at smelting must learn to be a prostitute; The son of a good bow must learn to be a basket; On the contrary, the first driver is in front of the horse. Only a gentleman who abides by these three points can have an interest in learning.
Ancient scholars were uglier than things, drums were not matched with five tones, and five tones were not harmonious; Water does not deserve five colors, and five colors do not deserve chapters; Learning is not suitable for the five senses, and the five senses are incurable; Teachers don't deserve five clothes, and five clothes don't kiss.
The gentleman said: virtue is not an official, the avenue is not an instrument, faith is not kept, and times are uneven. Look at these four things and you will be interested in learning. The three kings' sacrifice to Sichuan is the first and last one, or the source, or the commission, which is called the service book!
translate
(Rulers) should think in line with the statutes and attract people with good moral character (to help themselves), so as to gain a small reputation and not arouse the hearing of the masses; (If) being close to corporal Li Xian, tolerating dissidents and caring for the people can arouse people's hearing, but it can't play a role in educating people. If a gentleman wants to educate the people and form good customs, he must re-establish schools and re-teach!
Jade is not a tool; People can't understand the truth without learning, so in order to build the country and rule the people, ancient kings must first learn and teach. In the chapter "Shangshu Duiming Names", it is said that "we should always give priority to learning and teaching", which is the truth!
Although the food is delicious, you don't know its delicacy until you eat it; Although the truth is profound and perfect, you won't understand its benefits without studying it. Therefore, only by studying can we know our own shortcomings, teaching can make people feel confused, and knowing our academic shortcomings can in turn be strict with ourselves, feel confused and study tirelessly. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other. The chapter of Duiming says: "Teaching and learning are two sides of the same thing", which is the truth!
In ancient times, schools were set up to educate students. Every 25 "Lu" schools are called "Shu", every "Party" has its own school called "East", every "Skill" has its own school called "Xu", and universities are established in the country of emperors or princes.
The school enrolls students every year and takes the exam every other year. In the first year, students' basic reading ability is examined, such as punctuating sentences and chapters. In the third year, whether students concentrate on their studies and are close to their classmates is investigated. In the fifth year, we will examine whether students are studying extensively and whether they are close to teachers. In the seventh year, students' ability to discuss academic right and wrong and identify friends is examined. It is called "Cheng Xiao". In the ninth year, students can draw inferences from others and have a strong belief that they will not violate the teacher's teaching, which is called "Dacheng". Only in this way can we educate the people, change the customs, and the people around us can be completely convinced, and people far away will also submit to him. This is the purpose of teaching and educating people in universities. The ancient book says, "(students) should imitate the spirit of small ants holding soil and making mounds (tirelessly)", which is the truth!
At the beginning of the university, (emperors or officials) wore formal dresses and offered sacrificial plates to the sages, which showed that they respected their teachers and attached importance to Taoism. Students should recite three poems (,,,and Hua) in the Book of Songs (describing the harmony between monarch and minister), so that they will feel like an official when they enter school; Let the students take out their school supplies according to the drums and let them take their studies seriously; At the same time, display the ruler and maintain a clean and serious order; (Students enter school in spring, and the instructor) Students don't take exams every summer vacation, so that students have enough time to study according to their own wishes. In the process of learning, teachers should observe first and don't rush to answer students' questions, so as to examine students' thinking activities repeatedly and carefully; Older students should consult their teachers, and younger students should pay attention, not interrupt, because learning should be gradual and not overstepping. These seven points are the outline of teaching order. The ancient book says: "In teaching activities, the teaching palace should first do its duty, and the reader should first make up his mind", which is the truth!
The educational activities of universities are carried out on time and have their own formal courses; There is also homework during recess. If you don't learn miscellaneous music after class, you can't play the piano well in class; If metaphors are not widely used outside class, you can't write good poems in class; If you don't learn well after class, if you do well at home, you won't be polite in class. If you don't like those talents and knowledge, you can't be happy with what you have learned. Therefore, if a gentleman treats learning and is accepted in the classroom, he must learn a lesson; Rest at home and learn all kinds of acrobatics. Only in this way can we study with peace of mind, be close to teachers, be willing to make friends with the masses, and be sure that what we have learned will not run counter to what we have learned, even if we leave the guidance of teachers. The article "Redemption of Life" says: Only by devoting to humility and respect and always learning in time can we achieve something in our study, that is!
Nowadays, teachers simply recite the text, instill a lot, blindly catch up with the progress, regardless of the students' acceptance ability, so that they can't calm down and study. Teachers can't teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and students' talents can't be fully developed. The teaching method violates the teaching principle and the requirements put forward are not in line with the students' reality. In this way, students will hate his study, resent his teacher, and suffer from the difficulty of his study without knowing its benefits. Even if he finishes his studies, he will soon forget what he has learned, and the purpose of teaching will not be achieved. That's why!
University teaching methods: preventing students' mistakes before they happen is called prevention; Timely education is called timeliness; Education that does not exceed the talent and age characteristics of the educated is called orderly; Learning from each other's strengths is called mutual discussion. These four points are the experience of successful teaching.
If mistakes are made and then banned, it will be difficult to overcome, let go of learning opportunities and remedy afterwards. Despite hard work, it is still difficult to succeed. If teachers don't impart knowledge in a certain order according to the teaching content, organizational confusion will get out of control; If you think hard and don't discuss with your friends, you will form shallow knowledge and poor knowledge; Associating with dishonest friends is bound to violate the teacher's teaching; Engaging in some improper conversation will inevitably neglect formal study. These six points are the reasons for the failure of teaching.
A gentleman can become a good teacher if he knows both the experience of successful teaching and the reasons of teaching failure. Therefore, teachers teach people, that is, inspire and induce: (for students) induction does not pull; Persuade but not suppress; Instruct students to study, not tell them the answers directly. Induce (teachers to students) without pulling, then teachers and students are harmonious; Only by encouraging, not forcing, can students feel that learning is a pleasure; Students can only think positively if they are inspired rather than arranged. It can achieve harmony between teachers and students, make students feel eager to learn and think independently, which can be said to be good at inspiring and inducing.
There are four kinds of mistakes in students' study. Teachers must understand that some people fail in their study because they are greedy, some because they are too narrow-minded, some because they are not convinced, and some because their study can't last long. These four points are caused by students' psychological and intellectual differences. Only by understanding the different psychological characteristics of the educated can teachers help students overcome their shortcomings. The function of education is to let the educated give full play to their advantages and overcome their disadvantages.
People who can sing, let people sing along involuntarily; People who can teach people should induce students to learn from him consciously. Teachers should be simple and clear, concise and perfect, with few examples, but they can explain the problem. Only in this way can students consciously follow him.
Only when a gentleman knows the difficulties and hardships in the most perfect teaching realm can he know the different ideological tendencies and the right and wrong teaching methods in the teaching process, and can he inspire and induce students flexibly in many aspects. Only by inspiring and inducing in many ways can you become a good teacher. You can be an official only if you can be a good teacher. You can only be an official if you can be an official. Therefore, to be a teacher is to become a monarch by learning. For this reason, we must choose our teachers carefully. The ancient book says: "the ancient king only respected the teacher." That's the truth!
Strict teachers are valuable to all the keys to learning. A teacher must pay strict attention to what he teaches. The king of the world can respect the teacher and let the people concentrate on their studies. Therefore, there are two kinds of courtiers that the king does not treat courtiers well: one is that he is a god in sacrifice and does not treat courtiers well; The second is a teacher who doesn't treat each other as servants. According to the etiquette system, although (these two kinds of people) are summoned by the emperor, they can be exempted from the etiquette of appearing before the king, which is a respect for teachers and Taoism.
People who can learn can make teachers work hard to get good grades and be grateful to teachers; People who can't learn, even if the teacher is very diligent and has little effect, will still blame the teacher. People who can ask questions, just like carpenters chopping wood, start from the easy place first, and then cut the difficult knot (ask the easy questions first, then ask the difficult questions), so that the problems will be solved; People who can't ask questions are the opposite. Those who can deal with questions should answer them in a targeted way, like ringing a bell, with small force, small bell, strong force, ringing bell, and ring calmly, leaving the questioner time for full memory and digestion; On the contrary, those who can't answer are talking about teaching methods.
You can't be a good teacher with a little knowledge of backrest, but you must be ready to answer students' questions at any time. If students can't ask questions, they should be guided and inspired; After talking to him, I still can't understand it, so let's put it aside for the time being.
If you want to learn from his father's superb craftsmanship, the son of an outstanding metallurgist must first learn to sew fur coats; The son of a clever archer must first learn to weave a dustpan, and the person who trains the pony to pull the cart will turn around and let the horse follow the car. Only when a gentleman understands these three situations (from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, from repeated practice to step by step) can he do a good job in teaching and succeed in his career.
People who study ancient times can compare similar things, and so on. Drum is not equal to pentatonic, pentatonic is not drum, and it is not harmonious; Water is not the same as five colors, but five colors cannot be bright and pleasing to the eye without water; Learning is not the same as the five senses, but the five senses cannot be cured without learning and training; A teacher is not the same as a relative of Wufu, but without the teacher's teaching, people can't understand the intimate relationship of Wufu.
The gentleman said that a highly respected person is not limited to holding a certain official position; The laws of the universe apply not only to that one thing; A very loyal person does not need to swear before trusting him; People who adapt to the times can't stick to the rules. If you understand these four points, you will understand the fundamental truth. When the three ancient kings offered sacrifices to rivers, they all offered sacrifices to rivers first, and then to the sea. This is because the river is the source of water and the ocean is the destination of water. This is the problem!
1. Does People's Public Security University of China enroll adult students?
I. Enrollment Major, Plan and Teachin