The study of specialized courses should have clear and specific goals, actively overcome all kinds of learning difficulties, and constantly improve learning interest; When dealing with public classes, we should realize the practical value and try our best to turn the indirect interest in public classes into the direct interest in learning. In the study of elective courses, we should pay attention to overcoming the phenomenon of superficial knowledge.
First, the study of professional courses should have clear and specific goals, take the initiative to overcome all kinds of learning difficulties, and constantly improve learning interest. College students with different majors have different professional courses, but their learning attitude towards this professional course should be the same. That is, whether you like it or not, you should try to learn professional courses well. When studying specialized courses, the learning objectives should be clear and specific, constantly improve learning motivation and interest, actively overcome various learning difficulties, and combine direct learning interest with indirect learning interest.
Second, when dealing with public courses, we should realize the practical value and try our best to turn our indirect interest in public courses into direct interest in learning.
Generally speaking, college students' enthusiasm for public courses is generally not as good as that of professional courses. A considerable number of students have a negative coping attitude, unclear learning objectives and weak learning motivation. Their interest in learning mainly depends on the teaching level of teachers. If teachers' classes are lively, they are willing to listen and interested in learning. This kind of interest in learning is mainly direct interest in learning, mostly at a low level, limited to listening carefully in class, and taking listening as a kind of enjoyment or a pastime in professional classes.
Therefore, freshmen should have a correct attitude towards public courses, fully realize the practical value and significance of public courses, and strive to gradually turn their indirect learning interest into direct learning interest. Some practical public courses (such as foreign languages) should be studied as specialized courses.
Three, the study of elective courses, we should pay attention to overcome the phenomenon of only staying at a shallow level of understanding and learning.
Generally speaking, college students are interested in elective courses and think that elective courses can broaden their horizons and broaden their knowledge. Moreover, the study requirements of elective courses are not strict, and college students are less likely to have rebellious psychology. However, the status and weight of elective courses in college students' minds are not as good as those of professional courses and public courses, and college students have not really devoted themselves to learning. The learning purpose is vague, the learning motivation is not strong, the learning is neither negative nor positive, the concentration in class is not high, and the cognitive ability is not fully exerted.
Therefore, freshmen should not only pay attention to superficial understanding and knowledge, but also put an end to the abnormal phenomenon of taking certain courses and "taking courses instead of taking them" in order to earn credits.
(B) mental health standards for college students
(1) can maintain a strong interest in learning and thirst for knowledge.
(2) Being able to maintain correct self-awareness and accept self. Self-awareness is the core of personality, which refers to people's understanding and experience of their relationship with the surrounding world.
(3) Be able to coordinate and control emotions and maintain good emotions. People with mental health can always maintain a happy, confident and satisfied mood, be good at finding fun from actions, be full of hope for life and have good emotional stability.
(4) Be able to maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships and be willing to communicate.
(5) can maintain a complete and unified personality quality. The ultimate goal of mental health is to maintain the integrity of personality and cultivate a sound personality. Personality integrity refers to the balanced development of temperament, ability, personality, ideals, beliefs and outlook on life.
(6) Being able to maintain good environmental adaptability includes correctly understanding the environment and handling the relationship between individuals and the environment.
(7) Psychological behavior conforms to age characteristics. A person's psychological behavior often seriously deviates from his age characteristics, which is generally a manifestation of mental unhealthy.
(C) Common psychological distress of college students
The psychological status of college students has attracted more and more attention from themselves and society. In order to help students understand mental health, we briefly introduce the common psychological obstacles and troubles of college students.
The first is neurosis.
Neurosis refers to a group of diseases with mild brain dysfunction. It refers to people's mental (psychological) diseases, not physical diseases, belonging to the category of psychological disorders, and relatively minor, not a specific disease, but the floorboard of several diseases. General neurosis can be divided into neurasthenia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, hysteria, depressive neurosis, hypochondria and so on. Let's look at the common types of neurosis among college students.
(1) neurasthenia. Also known as neurasthenia neurosis, it refers to the lightest neurosis except various physical diseases, other neurosis and depression. Most of them occur during the study and employment of teenagers, especially young students and young intellectuals. Often manifested as general fatigue, poor sleep, headache, inattention, forgetfulness, depression, loss of appetite and so on. Work or study is inefficient.
(2) anxiety. Anxiety neurosis, also known as anxiety neurosis, refers to the state of panic attack caused by persistent high mental stress, which is characterized by obvious autonomic nerve dysfunction, dizziness, palpitation, dyspnea, dry mouth, frequent urination, urgency and sweating. This phenomenon is easy to see in major exams, such as the college entrance examination.
(3) obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also known as obsessive-compulsive neurosis, it refers to a neurosis centered on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and it refers to subjectively feeling the existence of some irresistible and uncontrollable ideas, emotions, intentions and behaviors. Although patients realize that these are meaningless, they are difficult to control and overcome, leading to serious internal conflicts, accompanied by strong anxiety and fear. For example, washing hands repeatedly, always worried that the door was unlocked, always lingering thoughts.
(4) phobia. Also known as panic neurosis, it refers to a kind of neurosis caused by strong fear or nervous inner experience of some special environment or things and avoidance reaction. Its main feature is that it has a persistent and unnecessary fear of a particular thing, activity or situation, and it has to adopt an evasive attitude and cannot control itself. Such as heterosexual phobia, crowd phobia, animal phobia, school phobia and so on.
(5) Depression. Refers to a neurosis characterized by persistent depression, accompanied by anxiety, emptiness, fatigue, physical discomfort, sleep disorders and other symptoms. Its main manifestations are: (1) Self-conscious depression, depression, sadness and depression. ; Decreased interest in daily activities; (c) Disappointment with the future; (d) When problems arise, prepare for the worst; (e) Consciously lazy, listless, mentally retarded and unresponsive; Self-evaluation declines; (g) Unwilling to actively associate with others, but passive contact is good; (h) I want to die, but my heart is full of contradictions, irritability and irritability; I think my condition is very serious, but I want to be cured and ask for treatment. Physical symptoms mainly include fatigue, headache, tinnitus, palpitation, chest tightness, abdominal distension, constipation, insomnia, dreaminess, loss of appetite, distraction and memory loss. And these symptoms can be alleviated or even disappeared because of the improvement of mood.
(6) hypochondriac patients. It refers to a neurosis that pays too much attention to one's health and stubbornly suspects that one has some unnecessary serious diseases, thus causing troubles and fears. Its important feature is that it pays too much attention to its own health status and the function of a certain part of the body, and suspects that it has some kind of physical or psychological disease, which is completely inconsistent with the actual health status. Even if there is a doctor's explanation or objective diagnosis, it cannot eliminate its inherent prejudice.
The second is personality disorder.
Personality disorder refers to the personality that obviously deviates from the normal state from childhood or adolescence and lasts for life. It is a behavioral characteristic between mental illness and normal people. Often manifested as eccentric, abnormal, stubborn, emotionally unstable, unreasonable, difficult to get along with others, often harming the interests of others or even others, taking pleasure in their own pranks, often bringing pain or hatred to people around them. , but can't be classified as mental illness. Personality disorders are usually divided into paranoid, emotional type, schizophrenic, explosive, obsessive-compulsive, hysterical, antisocial, etc. The common ones are paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and emotional type personality disorder.
(1) paranoid personality disorder characterized by paranoia and sensitivity. Its characteristics are: (a) Suspicious and sensitive, distrustful of others, and easy to regard others' goodwill as malice and hostility; (b) Jealousy, nervousness, provocation, accusations and complaints about the achievements and honors of others; (c) Easily feel wronged, frustrated and frustrated, and often have the heart of attack and revenge; (d) Arrogant, pretentious and arrogant, demanding others to attach importance to themselves and pursue power; (e) Subjective and stubborn, quibbling, constantly protesting and opposing other people's opinions, and not easily persuaded, even in the face of factual evidence; (f) Lack of sympathy and enthusiasm for others, never joking, high vigilance, constant fear of being cheated, plotting against others, being wary of others everywhere, and so on.
(2) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder refers to the sense of imperfection and excessive self-concern caused by deliberate pursuit of perfection. The manifestations are: (a) indecision, indecision, anxiety, prudence and fussy details; (2) Doing is demanding perfection, pursuing perfection, and repeatedly checking and revising until you are completely satisfied, otherwise you will feel anxious and nervous; (3) Being too strict and serious, having strong self-control psychology and behavior, being too restrained and concerned about oneself, having a strong sense of responsibility, being afraid of making mistakes, unable to relax, demanding others according to their own ideas, and obstructing others' freedom; (d) Conformity, step by step, ruthlessness, inability to deal with new situations flexibly, helplessness, inflexibility, lack of hobbies and sense of humor, and lack of innovative spirit; (e) There is always a sense of insecurity in my heart, and I am often in a state of inexplicable tension and anxiety. Usually, there are more emotions of anxiety and regret, and less emotions of happiness and satisfaction. In short, the personality of such patients is often rigid, stubborn, rigid, monotonous, inert, hesitant and stiff, and it is easy to develop into obsessive-compulsive neurosis.
(3) emotional type's personality disorder, refers to the personality disorder which is always high, always low, or sometimes high and sometimes low. Can be divided into three types: (a) emotional type's personality disorder, mainly manifested as: high mood, energetic, upward, sociable, good at joking, giving people a sense of optimism and humor, overestimating their own abilities, underestimating the difficulties of the surrounding environment, and often having many plans and ideas to do things, but lacking in deliberation, unrealistic, endless, and sometimes obvious manic performance, therefore, (b). The main manifestations are: depression, lack of vitality, listlessness, sentimentality, sullenness, reticence, low self-evaluation, high estimation of the difficulties in the surrounding environment, loss of confidence in myself, always guilty and self-blaming, uninterested in everything, full of pessimism about life, and always complaining about bad fate. (3) Two-way (or cyclic) emotional type personality disorder, which is characterized by unstable emotional changes, rising and falling, appearing alternately in a certain period of time, and has obvious stages and polarities. When the mood is high, it shows the abnormal personality characteristics of emotional type's personality disorder; Abnormal personality characteristics of depressive personality disorder when depressed.
Third, other psychological troubles.
Other psychological problems, such as learning problems, interpersonal problems, love and sexual psychological problems, job hunting and job selection psychological problems. In contrast, the two psychological disorders (psychological problems) mentioned above are slightly more serious, which are psychological problems that deviate from the normal psychological state. For normal people, they often encounter some psychological troubles, which are mainly caused by many realistic social and psychological factors and are often temporary. After your own active adjustment or seeking the help of a consulting teacher, you can often overcome it well.
Learning problems, the common learning problems of college students are: learning purpose, learning motivation, learning methods, learning attitude, poor academic performance and so on. During college, most people often don't pay as much attention to study as they did in high school. The main aspects of learning problems are unclear purpose, insufficient motivation and bad attitude.
Interpersonal relationship is often one of the most concerned issues for college students. Compared with high school, college students pay more attention to interpersonal problems than to study, which has become one of the main sources of psychological problems for college students. Interpersonal problems are often manifested as difficulties in getting along with others, lack of intimate friends, lack of necessary communication skills, excessive compromise, and the resulting painful feelings of loneliness, depression, lack of support and care.
Love and sexual psychological problems are also common psychological problems of college students. Generally, it includes: unrequited love, frustration in love, the relationship between love and school, revenge for emotional breakdown, etc. Common sexual psychological problems include: masturbation, fear, anxiety and worry caused by premarital sex, campus cohabitation, etc. , and heterosexual, fetish, peeping tom and so on.
Job hunting and career selection are common problems for senior students. After entering the society, they often feel a lot of confusion and worry. How to choose your career, how to plan your career, what skills you need to apply for a job, and so on. , will bring them more or less trouble and worry.
Finally, the above is a brief introduction to the manifestations of psychological problems that may occur in college students, and it is not a strict diagnostic standard. Please don't sit in the right position. If you really feel that you have many similarities with one or more of the above questions, please come to our psychological counseling center and we will provide you with special services.
(d) How to adapt to the social environment outside campus?
Leaving home to study in a different place means stepping into a different social environment and getting familiar with how to take a bus, ask others for directions, go to the store to buy things, and bargain with vendors.
To adapt well to the social environment outside the campus, we must first understand what forms to adapt to the social environment.
Generally speaking, there are two forms to adapt to the social environment: one is to transform the social environment to meet our requirements, and the other is to transform oneself to meet the requirements of the environment. Either way, the harmony between the environment and itself will be achieved in the end.
For a freshman, leaving his hometown to study in a different place means stepping into a different social environment. In this social environment, how to take a bus, how to ask others for directions, how to go to the store, and how to bargain with vendors should be gradually familiar with, otherwise there will always be a feeling of being a stranger, which will affect a person's normal life in the new environment.
So, how can we adapt to the social environment outside the campus?
First of all, we should take the initiative to contact this social environment. If you shut yourself in the university campus and study hard, and ignore the outside society, you will never adapt to the social environment. Go out of the "ivory tower" bravely, take a look at the world outside the campus, don't escape from reality or make unfounded fantasies, carry out some beneficial social practice activities purposefully, and recognize your actual position in this social environment.
Secondly, we should actively adjust and choose appropriate countermeasures. In the process of contacting the society, freshmen should take a positive attitude subjectively, not wait passively; When reconciling the contradiction between social environment and oneself, we should judge the situation, conditionally choose the conditions to transform the environment, and unconditionally choose the methods to transform ourselves. Only in this way can we find the best solution without daydreaming and giving up on ourselves.
In addition, in the face of possible troubles, appropriate psychological defense measures can be taken. No matter how to transform the environment and transform yourself, there must be a process of transformation and consideration. In this process, there are often some psychological troubles. In order to solve this problem, we can take appropriate psychological defense measures to achieve the goal of liberation.
(5) How to adapt to the interpersonal environment on campus?
The relationship between teachers and students in universities will become very discrete, and students should learn to be their own teachers. In addition, it is also a key to establish good interpersonal relationships with classmates.
In middle school, the learning content, learning time and even learning plan are all arranged by the teacher, and the learning effect is mainly checked by the teacher. In college, the class teacher or counselor meets the students at most once a week, and the relationship between teachers and students will become very discrete. Once, in the third year of college, it was rare to see the teacher for a month. In the study and life, university teachers only grasp the general direction, and most of the specific work is organized by students themselves or class cadres. Students need to learn to be their own teachers.
In order to better adapt to this new relationship between teachers and students, freshmen should learn to set their own learning goals, make their own learning plans, arrange their own learning time, choose their own courses, check their learning effects, take the initiative to ask teachers for advice, ask teachers to help solve difficulties, report their learning situation to teachers regularly, and put forward their own plans and discuss them with them. Among the interpersonal relationships of freshmen, the relationship between classmates is the most problematic. Because students in classes and dormitories come from different regions and families, there are obvious differences in ideas, values, lifestyles and habits, and conflicts often occur when they encounter practical problems.
Differences exist objectively, and every freshman must face and accept them.
First of all, we should learn to admit that everyone has their own living habits and value system. If you live with others, you have to accept them with his or her lifestyle. If other people's lifestyles interfere with your life (such as watching TV at night, affecting rest, messing with your things, etc.). ), you need to put forward your own opinions politely and adjust yourself appropriately (such as adjusting your schedule and dormitory, etc.). ).
If you want to handle the relationship between classmates, you should be lenient with others, be strict with yourself and avoid being self-centered. In our daily life, we should take three measures: greeting classmates, talking with classmates and helping others. When helping others, don't be too concerned about whether others can repay you.
In addition, you should take the initiative to do some public welfare work, increase your goodwill towards your classmates, and the relationship between them will be harmonious. When giving advice to classmates, we must use our brains and pay attention to methods and skills. For example, people in the same dormitory like to lie down and chat all night, which affects everyone's rest. If it is difficult to stop them by giving them direct advice, you can adjust your plan accordingly, or postpone going to bed or listen to English tapes. One thing to note is that giving advice to others must not be in front of everyone, so as not to be embarrassed and lose face.
(6) Common pathological personality types of college students.
Paranoid personality: mainly manifested as stubbornness, sensitivity, paranoia, emotional instability, irritability, narrow-mindedness, jealousy and high self-evaluation.
Schizophrenic personality: mainly manifested as withdrawn, withdrawn, timid, silent and eccentric, unsociable.
Emotional type's personality: it can be manifested as persistent depression, persistent high mood, or both alternately.
Explosive personality: mainly manifested as emotional instability, easy to produce uncontrollable anger, hatred and violence, often due to minor mental stimulation and sudden outbreak.
Very strong anger and impulse, even very violent attacks, I can hardly control them.
Compulsive personality: mainly manifested as personal insecurity and imperfection, which leads to anxiety, excessive self-discipline and excessive self-concern.
Hysterical personality: mainly manifested as immature personality development, emotional instability, and often deliberately using overly artificial, exaggerated and dramatic behavior to attract the attention of others.
Weakening of personality: mainly manifested as low ability, lack of initiative and passive obedience to others' wishes. They often feel lack of energy, fatigue, mood swings, lack of fun in life, and often feel sad for some small things.
Ruthless personality: mainly manifested as insincere, frank, untrustworthy, unwilling to fulfill social obligations, and an extreme egoist.
(7) What about college students' psychological problems?
First of all, you can't suppress your emotions casually, but you must find an appropriate and suitable channel to release your bad emotions. Among them, it is more appropriate to find a place where no one is there to chat with parents and cry. In fact, many serious psychological problems are caused by some college students' unwillingness to vent their depression. When depression meets loneliness, it is also a time when serious psychological problems breed.
Secondly, live yourself, be confident, and don't compare with others casually. This is a way of life to keep a healthy mind. Only by believing in yourself can we laugh at life. Many students are actually giving themselves a hard time, forcing themselves to look at an impossible height and an idol. At the same time, I also lost my true self in this alienated search. This is not desirable.
Third, refuse to be removed. Friendship is always an indispensable sunshine in life. Share your happiness and pain with your friends, so that you can truly appreciate the taste of life. Many people are unwilling or even afraid to associate with others, which is a shortcoming that must be corrected. We live in a world where people are interconnected. If we force ourselves to be bound in a cocoon, it will certainly breed a lot of haze. I believe that people who are bathed in the warm sunshine of life will not abandon life.