Article 1
Financial support and innovation analysis of circular economy development
First, the development of circular economy and the relationship between financial support and innovation
1. Brief introduction of circular economy development
Circular economy was first put forward by American economists in the 1960s. Its theoretical proposition is: In the face of economic development, we should recycle all kinds of resources and change this circular economy model from the one-way economic development model in the past. This theory became the theoretical basis for the subsequent development of circular economy. After development, the concept of circular economy is to explore the relationship between resource consumption and environmental pollution. Based on the mature market mechanism, resources can be used efficiently, thus strengthening environmental protection and achieving the purpose of saving, utilizing and recycling resources. On the one hand, the use of resources should meet the needs of social development; On the other hand, we should realize low input, low emission, low exploitation and high income on the basis of the whole economy.
2. The relationship between circular economy development and financial support and innovation.
First of all, the circular economy itself is comprehensive and the investment cost is high. In the process of development, each stage of development needs a lot of capital. Under the market economy system, the formation and development of the financial system appears under the appearance of financial innovation, which is the basis of the development of circular economy, and the financial support for the development of circular economy also comes from this. Therefore, one of the driving forces for the development of circular economy is financial innovation.
Secondly, to achieve sustainable development of circular economy, we should not only improve the quality of economic growth, but also improve the way of economic development, so as to upgrade the economic system and obtain a package plan for the accumulation and expansion of financial resources in the process. On the one hand, developing circular economy can promote the smooth circulation of funds and optimize the development and maturity of the market, on the other hand, it can accelerate the innovation of financial resources and the integration of existing resources in the market.
It can be seen that the relationship between circular economy and finance is closely related, financial expenditure and innovation are the key to the development of circular economy, and the development of circular economy is the driving force of financial development and innovation, both of which are indispensable in the process of promoting market development.
Second, the financial support for circular economy problems
1.*** not enough attention.
From a national perspective, due to the late development of China's circular economy, a complete set of financial support circular economy system has not yet been formed before Japan, and the policy support for the industrialization of circular economy has not yet formed a specific development model, and the specialized financial policy has not yet formed an organizational system. Although China is actively developing circular economy, it has not been reduced to the whole economic system as a whole and relevant policies have been formulated. The financing system that has been formed a few days ago is passively formed in the external environment and is not perfect. It is difficult for financial institutions formed under such institutional background to provide corresponding financial services.
2. Pay attention to the imbalance between economic benefits and social benefits.
Before Japan, the financial industry did not have more energy to bear the social burden brought by environmental change. In addition, the financial industry pays more attention to the safety of funds, achievements and capital flows, which makes the development environment of circular economy shrouded in an unfavorable financial environment. The financial industry pays more attention to economic benefits and ignores social benefits, which makes it difficult for circular economy to form a corresponding market implementation system under the commercial and financial environment, and the development channel of circular economy is blocked.
3. The development of circular economy under financial institutions is single.
Financial institutions' support for circular economy is not comprehensive, but selective, mainly including agriculture and power generation, while emerging industries and high-tech industries are not covered, which makes the energy utilization efficiency and recovery rate of some industries low.
Third, the development of circular economy financial innovation measures
1. Pay more attention to * * *
* * * Guidance is a kind of traction, which can form a trend and an incentive. Circular economy is a long-term, complex and comprehensive system engineering. If * * * is left unchecked, without macro-control, it will slow down the development of circular economy, which is not in line with the world development trend and cannot meet the needs of social development. Therefore, * * * should clarify the concept and meaning of circular economy, constantly update people's ideas, and improve circular economy in many ways at the same time, and support the development of financial innovation with the mandatory and welfare equal to reasonable guidance of * * *.
2. Establish and improve the financial market mechanism. The market mechanism and the internal and external environment of the market are the external conditions of financial innovation. Only good external conditions will promote the development of financial innovation. It is precisely because of the long development cycle of circular economy, the need for a large amount of funds and the high risk that the relationship between capital supply and demand restricts the development of financial industry. To break through this dilemma, we must establish and improve the financial market mechanism, lay the foundation for financial innovation, and thus promote the development of circular economy. First of all, the financial industry should pay attention to the improvement of the incentive mechanism. Use the incentive mechanism to mobilize all enterprises to participate in the construction of circular economy and gather more financial support. Second, establish an innovation mechanism. Under the innovative concept of development concept, * * * established funds, financial institutions organized technological innovation, and designated units provided loans to provide financial support for technological innovation, which laid the foundation for the development of circular economy. Third, form a risk prevention mechanism. Financial institutions can set up or organize venture capital funds, and can also buy bonds and stocks necessary for the development of circular economy, so as to spread the risks of circular economy development and control the losses after the risks occur.
3. Explore the role of financing channels
Direct financing can improve enterprise structure and attract enterprises with enthusiasm for circular economy. Take advantage of capital instruments, stocks, etc. Combined with advanced technology, relaxing the maximum capital limit of enterprises and other measures, we will promote the maturity of financial markets and form a number of enterprises with good benefits and healthy development of circular economy, thus accelerating the development of circular economy.
Four. Concluding remarks
To sum up, under the financial background, developing circular economy, financial support and innovation are the requirements of the times. We should actively explore and establish more effective policies and strategies to coordinate the relationship between macro-control and micro-control, as well as the relationship between internal and external finance, so as to promote financial development and circular economy development.
the second
Classification standard of financial assets in financial statistics and its improvement
The classification of financial assets is the key link of financial statistics. The classification of financial assets is also an important concern in various internationally accepted statistical norms. Fully understanding the detailed direction of China's financial asset classification adjustment is the premise to ensure the smooth progress of financial statistics.
First, the significance of financial asset classification
In the analysis and participation of financial activities, the classification of financial assets has always been one of the important contents. Financial classification can effectively help financial practitioners to deal with various problems in financial statistics and promote the perfection and accuracy of financial classification. The reasons for classifying financial assets are as follows: first, it is related to the calculation of financial assets and financial liabilities; Second, as a basis for evaluating the risk and liquidity of asset structure; Third, it is also the basis for financial companies to make accounting statements. For the classification of financial assets, it is necessary to consider the classification method according to the actual demand of using statements, and in some cases, more detailed statements are needed. For some companies with a wide business scope, it is especially necessary to classify some new financial instruments and divide them more carefully.
Second, the comparison between 93SNA and 2000MFS.
There is no essential difference between 2000MFS and 93SNA in the classification of financial assets. MFS has not changed the meaning of the essential concept of financial assets, that is, "it refers to all certificates representing future earnings or legitimate claims to assets, that is, it is the general name of all financial instruments that are traded in organized financial markets and have prices and future stock prices displayed." There is no difference between the two financial asset classification standards. The actual difference between them is that MFS is more specific in the classification of financial assets, and at the same time, it has made more supplements and improvements, further supplementing the new classification of deposits, financial derivatives and repurchase agreements.
Specifically, there are differences in the classification of financial assets between them. SNA seems to be more on the type of classification. For the classification of financial assets, financial assets and liabilities are simply divided into seven categories, namely: monetary gold and special drawing rights, liquidity, securities other than stocks, including derivative financial instruments, loans, stocks or other rights and interests, special insurance reserves, other receivables and payables. SNA divides some main categories in more detail. For insurance special reserve, it is divided into endowment insurance or insurance reserve, prepaid expenses and claims preparation according to investors, while for loans and bonds, it is classified according to the usual practice.
In addition to detailed classification, there are other changes in MFS, including repurchase agreements and securities lending, financial derivatives, local and foreign currency deposits and other non-loan assets. Other changes are as follows: First, the new financial derivatives are classified and classified in detail; Secondly, the classification of bonds has been refined, and a new bond classification method has been added, which is more detailed and scientific. Its types are divided into long-term creditor's rights, short-term bonds, mortgage-backed bonds and other derivative bonds. Thirdly, for the division of stocks, the stocks of financial companies are recorded together with the assets of other equity liabilities, and then classified according to the types of equity investment, retained earnings, various reserves and value adjustment according to their specific conditions; Finally, MFS also includes some new financial instruments, which are generally more accurate.
Thirdly, SNA2008 improved the classification of financial assets.
93SNA is a major change in the financial accounting system. 93SNA regards all financial derivatives as financial assets and classifies them according to their specific characteristics.
On this basis, the Guide to Compiling Monetary and Financial Statistics in 2008, which was launched in 2008, expanded the suite, and employee stock options were also included. This classification is changed to "financial derivatives and employee stock options" and divided into options and forwards according to their functions. The changes in the classification of financial assets include: the classification of assets is more detailed, the definitions of five types of assets, such as non-stock securities, loans, stocks and other rights and interests, insurance technical reserves, financial derivatives, other receivables and payables, are improved and changed, and the secondary classification of these categories is also changed and refined.
At present, SNA2008 has been officially promulgated, and its changes and supplements to the classification of financial assets are more detailed and accurate. The specific situation includes: the first-level classification has increased to 8; The concept of securities other than stocks is not clear, and it is changed to the classification of debt securities, and its content and definition have not changed; Equity and other rights and interests are changed to equity and investment fund stock names. The concept of equity includes listed and unlisted stocks, while investment fund stocks are divided as a separate financial asset. The concept of special insurance reserve has been extended to "insurance, pension and standard protection plan".
Fourth, the current implementation of financial classification in China
Just a few days ago, China was still relatively backward in the classification of financial assets. Although new financial instruments have appeared in the market, they cannot be accurately reflected in the classification of various financial assets statistics, which obviously affects the development of financial assets statistics. Although there are some statistical records of new tools, their ownership is not clear, and their functions and types cannot be correctly determined. On the one hand, it is not strict in financial classification. According to China's recent financial standards, bonds held by enterprises or financial institutions are not only transactional financial assets, but also available-for-sale financial assets, and may even be held-to-maturity investments. Different types of measurement methods are completely different, which will lead to inaccurate measurement of financial status, and the guidelines do not clearly stipulate this. For the equity assets from the secondary market that the holder intends to hold for a long time, it also has the characteristics of two different categories: long-term equity investment and transactional financial assets. Although this kind of problem is not common, it has caused the problem that financial statistics can be changed through simple plans, which shows that China's current financial standards are not rigorous enough to fully deal with all unfavorable situations.
On the other hand, there is also the problem of accounting scope in recent financial assets statistics. According to relevant laws and regulations, financial statistics include all financial activities approved and supervised by the People's Bank of China, but the implementation of this standard in practice is not satisfactory. For the actual financial activities in the market, the daily approval and supervision standards are constantly changing, which also leads to the constant changes in financial statistics and accounting.
For China's current financial statistics, we should not only strengthen our knowledge and understanding of international standards, but also be good at fearing various business situations and skillfully using financial classification standards according to the actual situation of enterprises, but we must not violate laws and regulations.
Finally, with the continuous development of China's financial market, we should constantly improve the classification system of financial assets according to international standards, grasp the constant changes of financial products and types in international industries, strengthen the understanding of the nature of various classifications, and promote the continuous development and perfection of financial markets.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
The classification of financial assets is changeable, so the understanding of the classification of financial assets should be consistent with internationalization. The confirmation of classification was the focus of the work a few days ago. Pay attention to different classifications in order to better serve the statistical objectives. Compared with the previous standards, the new revision of the International Monetary Fund's financial statistics classification better reflects the changes in the international financial market situation, better guides the financial statistics work, and plays a great role and helps in optimizing China's financial system. It also puts forward higher requirements for financial practitioners, which also makes financial practitioners need to increase their knowledge and understanding of the industry, strengthen their understanding of new trends and new situations in the industry, and increase their understanding, so as to better apply theories and skills to practical work.