fill up a vacancy

The three attributes of 1. pronunciation are physical attribute, physiological attribute and social attribute, among which the essential attribute is social attribute.

2. Pitch depends on the vibration speed of the pronunciation object, and sound intensity depends on the vibration amplitude of the pronunciation object.

3. Chinese has at least one syllable 1 phoneme and at most four phonemes.

4.n can be the initial and vowel of consonants, and ng can only be the vowel, not the initial.

5. Phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit, which is divided from the perspective of sound quality.

6. The physical attributes of speech are pitch, sound intensity, sound length and timbre.

Noun interpretation

The Homologous Vowel Consonants in Modern Chinese

1. is Putonghua with Beijing accent as the standard, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm.

2. Vowel is a phoneme formed by the sound produced by the vibration of vocal cords by airflow passing through the mouth and throat unimpeded.

3. Consonants, also called consonants, exist according to vowels. Consonants are phonemes formed by the obstruction of airflow through the mouth or throat.

A short question.

1. Talk about the important differences between vowels and consonants.

A. Obstruction or not (mainly): Consonant, the airflow is blocked by a certain part through the pharynx and mouth, and vowels are not blocked.

B tension: when consonants are pronounced, the blocking part of the vocal organs is particularly tense, and when vowels are pronounced, all parts of the vocal organs keep a balanced tension.

C. airflow intensity: the airflow with consonants is strong and the airflow with vowels is weak.

D. think about brightness: vocal cords with consonants do not necessarily vibrate, and the sound is generally not loud. Vocal cords with vowels vibrate and sound louder.

2. What is phonetics? What are the similarities and differences between it and other sounds in nature?

Language laboratory refers to a meaningful and purposeful speech organ issued by human beings for social communication.

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Voice of the world. Like other sounds in nature, it has physical properties, but the difference is that sound has physiological properties (emitted by human vocal organs) and social properties (the expression of meaning is artificially established).

Composition questions.

1. What is the modern Chinese homonym? How is it formed?

Putonghua, which takes Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm, is widely popularized throughout the country, which is modern Chinese. It is formed on the basis of northern dialect. In the Tang Dynasty, Beijing was a quiet country and the military center of the north. In the Liao Dynasty, Beijing was one of the five capitals. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Beijing, as the capital of various dynasties, has become the political, economic and cultural center of our country, which has promoted the wide spread of Beijing dialect throughout the country, and at the same time, vernacular literature works have been deeply influenced by Beijing dialect. After the May 4th Movement, the "Vernacular Movement" brought written language and spoken language closer together, and made Beijing dialect the standard pronunciation of the whole nation, thus forming modern Chinese.

2. What is the relationship between ethnic dialects and dialects?

National homophones are formed on the basis of a dialect, which needs to occupy an important position in society. The dialect areas that use this dialect are almost in the leading position in politics, economy, culture and population in the whole country. For example, there are seven dialects in China, namely Northern Dialect, Wu Dialect, Xiang Dialect, Min Dialect and Yue Dialect, and the Northern Dialect, represented by Beijing Dialect, has become our national language, which is why the northern dialect area, especially Beijing, has been in the leading position in China in politics and economy for hundreds of years.

Chapter III Chinese Characters

fill-in-the-blank question

1. The characters used in modern countries can be divided into phonetic characters and ideographic characters, and Chinese characters belong to ideographic characters.

2. There are five official fonts of Chinese characters in history: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Bronze inscription, seal script, official script and regular script.

3. The structural units of Chinese characters are divided into two levels, namely strokes and components.

4. Stroke is the smallest unit of Chinese characters.

5. These five strokes refer to horizontal, vertical, skimming, dot and folding.

6. Eight directions, horizontal, vertical, skimming, pressing, lifting, folding and hooking.

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7. There are three ways to combine strokes: separation, connection and crossing.

8. Chinese characters are formed by pictographs, fingering, knowing and crosstalk.

9. The standardization of Chinese characters requires the definition of Chinese characters in four aspects, namely, quantification, font setting, pronunciation setting and order setting.

A short question

1. Why do you say that the evolution of Chinese characters is developing towards simplification and easy writing?

As a communication tool, simplification of Chinese characters is a trend, because simple and easy writing can improve work efficiency and facilitate communicative learning. From the perspective of development history, the same is true. Since the earliest time in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Chinese characters have various shapes, sizes and variations. When it comes to bronze inscriptions, the shape is more symmetrical than that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the seal script is more neat, the strokes are even, and the variant characters are greatly reduced. Later official script basically got rid of the pictographic features of ancient Chinese characters, with regular fonts, square fonts and convenient writing.

B. The ancient Chinese was very complicated, but the modern Chinese characters are much simpler. From pictographic hieroglyphs to non-pictographic writing symbols; The shape of strokes has gradually changed from painting-like lines to horizontal, vertical, skimming, dot and folding strokes; The structure and strokes of many words are gradually simplified; There are many variants of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, but there are fewer variants of Xiao Zhuan and regular script.

Thesis problem

2. Is it right to say that "Chinese characters are linguistic signs"? Please provide a justification for the answer.

Not quite right. Chinese characters are basically ideographic characters, and most Chinese characters start with sound and meaning, and sound and meaning are used together. This statement can only be used for some pictophonetic characters in Chinese characters, and about 80% of pictophonetic characters can be considered as Italian phonetic characters, such as orange, bait, listening, er and so on. Pictophonetic words, demonstrative words and cognitive words are all created in meaning and belong to ideographic characters. The semantic symbols and sounds of pictophonetic words are consistent to express the meaning of morphemes.

Chapter IV Vocabulary

fill-in-the-blank question

1. Morphemes can be divided into idiom morphemes and non-idiom morphemes according to their word-formation ability.

2. There are compound words and overlapping words.