Yang Zhenning, Deng Jiaxian
Yang Zhenning's achievements in thirteen "Nobel Prize Levels" are:
statistical mechanics
A 1. 1952 phase transition (phase transition theory). Paper serial number: 52a, 52b, 52c.
A2。 1957 boson (boson many-body problem). Paper serial number: 57h, 57i, 57q.
A3. 1967 Yang-Baxter equation (Yang-Baxter equation). Thesis serial number: 67e.
A4. 1969 finite temperature (exact solution of boson in the repulsive potential of 1 dimensional δ function at finite temperature). Thesis serial number: 69a.
Condensed Matter Physics
B 1. 196 1 flux quantization (theoretical explanation of flux quantization of superconductors). Paper serial number: 61c.
B2。 1962 ODLRO (non-diagonal long program). Paper serial number: 62j.
high-energy physics
C 1. 1956 parity is not conserved (parity is not constant in weak interaction). Paper serial number: 56h.
C2。 1957 T, c and p (three discrete symmetries of time reversal, charge * * * yoke and parity). Thesis serial number: 57e.
C3. 1960 neutrino experiment (theoretical discussion on high-energy neutrino experiment). Paper serial number: 60d.
C4. 1964 CP is not conserved (phenomenological framework of CP is not conserved). Thesis serial number: 64f.
field theory
D 1。 1954 gauge theory (young-mills gauge field theory). Thesis serial numbers: 54b, 54c.
D2。 1974 integral form (integral form of gauge field theory). Paper serial number: 74c.
D3。 1975 fiber bundle (the correspondence between gauge field theory and fiber bundle theory). Paper serial number: 75c.
The above quotations are from: Beauty and Physics: Yang's Important Contribution 13, int.j.mod.phys.a29,No. 17,1475001(2014) [65438].
It can be seen that Yang Zhenning's world-class contributions in statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, particle physics and field theory can rival the "Landau Ten Commandments".
Yang Zhenning's theory has influenced the development of theoretical physics in the second half of the 20th century and now, and the standard model constructed by gauge field theory is considered to realize the real unity of the universe.
Among them, seven Nobel Prizes were awarded for discovering particles predicted by Yang Zhenning's standard theory, such as Ding Zhaozhong and Higgs particles. There are dozens of Nobel Prizes for studying standard theory, and Yang Zhenning's disciples and grandchildren have almost monopolized the theoretical physics and particle physics parts of the Nobel Prize in physics in the past 60 years.
In addition, there are six Fields Prizes for studying Yang Zhenning equation (three related to Yang Mills equation and three related to Yang Baxter equation). The legacy of Young Mills' theory is one of the seven major mathematical problems in the world!
In 2000, Nature selected 1000 physicists who have influenced the world for years. Yang Zhenning is the only physicist who has influenced the world for thousands of years. Nature is the world's top scientific journal with high authority!
Did Yang Zhenning, who has made so many outstanding achievements, really make no contribution to China? Actually, there is!
First of all, unlike Qian Xuesen and others, Yang Zhenning knows nothing about experimental physics. At that time, the motherland needed experimental physics talents. Yang Zhenning first tried experimental physics, and the experimental process was always not smooth. His classmates joked: Where there are Yang, there are bangs.
At that time, his wife's father was Du, and general reasons were intertwined, so he did not return to China. But this does not mean that Yang Zhenning has not contributed to the country.
197 1 year, he resolutely returned to China to give lectures, and he was the first famous scientist from China to visit China after the thawing of Sino-US relations.
Later, he returned to the United States and launched the fishing protection movement. He was the spiritual mentor of the fishing protection movement. Not only that, Yang Zhenning also told the US Senate hearing about the fact that Diaoyu Island is the territory of China.
Wu Dayou Yang Zhenning
According to Nie Huatong, president of the Institute of Advanced Studies of Tsinghua University, Mr. Yang Zhenning gave a series of speeches around the world after returning to China to give lectures. At that time, during the Cold War, western countries blocked China, and foreigners didn't understand the situation in China, which played a role in changing China's image in the world and promoting the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States.
After he returned to the United States, he made many reports on the situation in China. Because of his fame and position, his style and personality, his speeches and reports have played a great role in American society.
At that time, Sino-US relations had not been thawed, and he took considerable risks, but he thought it was his duty to actively report many developments in China. Because of his academic position, he often goes to Europe, South America, Southeast Asia, Japan and other places to give lectures or visit, and everyone often asks him to give a report on China. His report had a great influence in these places, especially among the local overseas Chinese. Many Americans, especially scientists, are friendly to China and are willing to get close to China. Mr. Yang has made great contributions.
Mr Yang also spent a lot of time trying to do something for China people in the United States. For example, some Chinese in the United States think that Chinese in the United States are not United enough, so they organized an all-American Chinese Association. Mr. Yang's becoming the chairman of this association is a sacrifice of his personal knowledge. After its establishment, this association has done a lot of work and played a role in promoting the friendship between the Chinese and American people and promoting the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. For example, before the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the All-China Chinese Association issued a statement in the newspaper urging China and the United States to formally establish diplomatic relations.
From 65438 to 0972, Yang Zhenning proposed to Zhou Enlai that he would recommend the research results of synthetic insulin in China to the Nobel Prize Committee. As a Nobel Prize winner, Yang Zhenning has the right to recommend it, but due to many reasons such as emphasizing collective contribution, he finally failed.
1978, he also proposed that the Chinese University of Science and Technology establish the first juvenile class. Over the past 40 years, the junior class of the Chinese University of Science and Technology has trained dozens of well-known scientists who are well-known at home and abroad. For example, Li Ju and Yin. He also proposed the establishment of the Academic Exchange Committee with China at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and sponsored China scholars to further their studies at the school.
Yang Zhenning's discussion in juvenile class
As a bridge, it promoted a series of Sino-US scientific and technological exchange activities, gave birth to the first batch of academic study abroad after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and improved the scientific level of China.
During these decades, Yang Zhenning used his influence to recommend 1200 young scholars to visit and further their studies abroad, and most of them returned to China to become the pillars of the scientific community.
Yang Zhenning assisted or directly established more than 60 first-class physics laboratories for China, including Institute of Mathematical Sciences of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Advanced Research Center of Tsinghua University, Theoretical Physics Laboratory of Nankai University and Advanced Academic Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University.
Raise about $2 billion in research funds for Tsinghua University and Nankai University. He published more than 30 SCI papers in the name of Tsinghua University, which improved the scientific research level of cold atoms and condensed matter physics for decades and won great honor for China in the world scientific community.
In 2004, 82-year-old Yang Zhenning also taught general physics in Tsinghua University, which played an important role in improving the physics level of Tsinghua students.
According to Academician Zhu Bangfen of Nankai University, Yang Zhenning's annual salary in Tsinghua University is RMB 6,543.8+0,000 yuan, but he has not donated any money to the Tsinghua University Advanced Research Center he founded in 654.38+0.997.
He sold his mansion in new york, USA, and donated $654.38 million+00,000 to Tsinghua. In Tsinghua University, he established Yang Zhenning Lecture, Yang Zhenning Scholarship and Yang Zhenning Foundation, and personally served as honorary director of the Center for Advanced Studies and chairman of the Foundation.
In addition, Mr. Yang Zhenning's nationality was changed back to that of China, and a large number of top scientists such as Yao Qizhi were persuaded to return to China! Many people may not know Mr. Yao Qizhi, but Mr. Yao Qizhi is the only China scholar who won the Turing Award by 20 17.
Turing Award is specially awarded to those individuals who have made important contributions to the computer industry. Due to the extremely high requirements and strict awarding procedures, only one computer scientist is awarded each year, and only two collaborators or scientists who have made contributions in the same direction enjoy this award in very few years. Therefore, it is the most prestigious and lofty award in the computer field, and is known as the "Nobel Prize in the computer field".
Yao Qizhi's research interests include computational theory and its applications in cryptography and quantum computing. He made outstanding contributions in three aspects: (1) initiated an important sub-field of theoretical computer science: communication complexity and pseudo-random number generation and calculation theory; (2) To lay a foundation for modern cryptography and make fundamental contributions to complexity-based cryptography and security formalization methods; (3) Solve the open problems in the fields of circuit complexity, computational geometry, data structure and quantum computing, and establish a new paradigm.
It can be said that Mr. Yang Zhenning has made many outstanding contributions to our country. We can't think that he didn't contribute to the country just because he didn't return to China in the 1950s, and we can't just judge his character because of his private life. He has made many contributions to China, which many scientists will never realize. We should treat Yang Zhenning dialectically.