/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, some foreign explorers, travelers, naturalists and missionaries came to Qinghai, Gansu and other places to investigate and study the folk literature, language and culture, historical origin, marriage and family, religious beliefs and other aspects of the Tu people. The main scholars are potanin, William W. Rockhill, Ruka Vunk, Schroeder and Xu Rang. Among them, four works written by Belgian priest Xu Jean, such as Marriage of the Indigenous People in Gansu and Origin, History and Social Organization of the Tu Nationality, have far-reaching influence.

Since the end of the 1920s, some local government officials, journalists and scholars in China have investigated the population distribution, folk customs, chieftain system, ethnic origin and religious beliefs of the Tu people, and written a lot of travel notes and reports. For example, Indigenous People in Qinghai, Investigation of Indigenous People in Huzhu County of Qinghai, Marriage Kinship System of Indigenous People in Qinghai, You Ning Temple and Its Famous Monks in Qinghai, Survey of Local Conditions and Customs in Huzhu County, etc. These materials provide us with many important information and clues to study the situation of the Tu nationality at that time.

Since the 1950s, scholars such as Chen Yongling, Song Shuhua and Zhao Nastu have conducted in-depth investigations in the Tu nationality areas, and have successively written the first drafts of the Summary of Social Investigation of the Tu Nationality in Qinghai, Political Evolution of the Tu Nationality in Qinghai and Investigation of the Tu Nationality Language. Since the late 1970s, the research on the history, folk literature and language of the Tu nationality has achieved fruitful results. Scholars have collected and sorted out the Special Collection of Tu Literature and Selected Stories of Tu People. The origin of Tu nationality has formed many viewpoints, such as "Tu nationality Gu Hun theory", "Mongolian theory" and "Tu nationality Da theory". 1986 65438+February, the newly created Tu script was tried out in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County. In addition, articles such as Shamanism among the Tu people, Hui and its origin have made pioneering research on the primitive beliefs of the Tu people through careful field investigation.

Since 1995, two versions of Tuguhun and Mongolian ancient prose have been formed in the History of the Origin of Tu Nationality, represented by Tu Nationality History and Hehuang Mongolian History respectively. In addition, works and related papers on the history of Tu literature, political and economic system have been published one after another, and The History of Tu Literature has become the leading work to study the development history of Tu literature. A number of Tu folk literature, such as Gesar, Blessing the Sheep Song and Sanchuan Tu Wedding Song, have been excavated and sorted out one after another. The research results of Tu folk beliefs and folk arts are also outstanding. His main works include "Carnival of God and Man in the Upper Yellow River-Folk Nuo", "A Record of Tu Music and Culture", "Tu Culture and Art", "Tu Oral Tradition and Folk Culture", "Research on Tu Folk Songs in Hehuang Area of Qinghai and Gansu" and "Interpretation of Tu Folk Beliefs".

The field investigation in the Turkish area has also been further deepened. For example, the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of China Academy of Social Sciences, Minzu University of China, China Academy of Art, Yunnan University and other units have successively cooperated with Qinghai academic circles to conduct in-depth investigations on the "June meeting" between Tibetans and Tu people in Tongren County, Qinghai Province, mutual assistance to Tu villages, Minhe Tu Nadun and so on. , and completed a series of surveys of ethnic minority villages in China-Dazhuang Village of Tu nationality, Tujuan of Huzhu County, etc.

In addition, the Religious Affairs Committee of Qinghai Province, the Department of Culture, the Academy of Social Sciences and other departments have successively organized personnel to complete works such as Qinghai Volume of Chinese Folk Music Integration, Qinghai Volume of China Dance Integration, List of the First Batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Representatives in Qinghai Province, Collection of Historical Materials of Tu Qinghai, Collection of Ancient Books of China Ethnic Minorities, and Application and Protection of Tu Language and Characters. Minhe, Huzhu and other counties have collected and sorted out the folk literature materials of the Tu people, such as Minhe Ballad Collection, Tu people's wedding and funeral customs, Tu people's hymns and Tu people's love songs.

1992 After the establishment of Tu Qinghai Ethnic Studies Association, the magazine "China Tu Nationality" was founded, and an exchange platform for Tu nationality studies was established. Some universities and research institutions, such as Minzu University of China, China Academy of Art, Lanzhou University, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Qinghai Normal University and Northwest University for Nationalities, have successively trained a number of master's and doctoral students who pay attention to the study of Tu nationality, and completed the Consciousness of Group Identity in Different Situations-A Comparative Study of Three Tu Communities Based on Anthropology, the investigation and research on the mutual assistance between personality and * * * Qinghai Tu folk songs and the study of Tu folk beliefs.

Throughout the study of Tu nationality in the past century, in the first half century, foreign scholars and domestic Han scholars mainly described and studied the language, religious beliefs, historical origins, folk culture and social life of Tu nationality. Because the Tu people only have language but no writing, the vast majority of the Tu people have a low level of Chinese culture, and few Tu intellectuals express the core of their national culture from the perspective of subject matter. After the founding of New China, the Party and the state have trained many local research talents, especially after the reform and opening up, the study of Tu nationality has made great progress. At present, the Tu scholars have become the backbone of the Tu research team, forming teams such as Lin Yuan, Lu, Ma Guangxing, Qin, Xing Quancheng, Ma Zhanshan, Qiao Shenghua, Wen Zhongxiang, Qi Jinyu, Yang Wei, Wang, Bai Xiaoxia, Hu Fang, Xing Haiyan, He Jifang, Hu Ting and E Chongrong.

In the process of the development of the study of Tu, the participation, advocacy and encouragement of many famous scholars contributed greatly. 1949 years ago, scholars at home and abroad, such as Yang Kun, Han Rulin, Chen Jisheng, Wei Huilin, Xu Rang and Schroeder, studied the history, marriage customs and religion of the Tu people, providing valuable information for future generations. After 1949, famous domestic scholars such as Fei Xiaotong, Song Shuhua, Gu Jiegang, Zhao Nastu, Zhou Weizhou, You Yizhi, Pan Naigu, Gao and Xue paid attention to and studied the Tu nationality, which improved the academic level of Tu nationality studies and trained a number of Tu nationality scholars.

At present, new research fields are constantly explored, and the national scientific research team is stable. However, it still needs unremitting efforts to make the study of Tu nationality innovate and develop continuously. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen academic exchanges at home and abroad, conduct in-depth field investigations, and carry out multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research.