The "three cardinal principles" (showing virtue, being close to the people, and stopping at perfection) and "eight items" (respecting things, knowing and doing, being honest, being honest, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country, and leveling the world) put forward by universities emphasize that cultivating oneself is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of cultivating oneself is to govern the country and level the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and leveling the world and personal moral cultivation? .
The full text of "Da Xue" is concise, profound and far-reaching. This paper mainly summarizes the pre-Qin Confucian moral cultivation theory, as well as the basic principles and methods of moral cultivation, and also systematically discusses the Confucian political philosophy, which has profound enlightenment for being a man, doing things and governing the country?
"University" focuses on the important relationship between improving personal cultivation, cultivating good moral quality and governing the country and leveling the world. The central idea can be summarized as "cultivate one's morality for the people's security", with the theme of "be virtuous, be close to the people and stop at perfection" and eight items of "discipline, knowledge, honesty, cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order, govern the country and level the world".
Universities also inherited Confucius' theory of benevolent governance and Mencius' theory of people-oriented. Rulers in universities pretend to be "elders" and "parents of the people", but in fact they still say this from the standpoint of exploiters. Their so-called "love for the people" and "non-violence" are just to maintain the economic foundation of their superstructure-productivity. Only in this way can their unproductive and exploitative lives be consolidated. ?
1. Things begin and end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.
Everything in the world has a beginning and an end. If we make their order clear, it will be closer to the law of development of things.
2. If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, govern the country first. If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; People who want sincerity; Get to know it first; Knowledge exists in things.
In ancient times, in order to let the people in the world carry forward the virtues of being open and aboveboard, we must first manage our country well; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family; If you want to run a good family, you must first cultivate your body and mind; If you want to cultivate your body and mind, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your mentality, you must first prove your sincerity; If you want to prove your sincerity, you must enrich your knowledge; Rich knowledge lies in the in-depth study of the principles of things.
3. Tang Pan Ming said: "New is new, new is new." Gao Kang said, "Be a new citizen." The poem reads: "Although Zhou is an old country, his life has changed." Therefore, a gentleman does his best.
King Shang Tang's motto engraved on the bathtub is: "Every day is new, every day is new, and when it is new, it will be updated." Gao Kang said: "Encourage people to abandon the old and absorb new ideas." The Book of Songs said: "Although the Zhou Dynasty was an old country, it was endowed with a new destiny." Therefore, people with high moral character pursue perfection everywhere.
Remarks: Try one's best (the difference between ancient and modern times) is an idiom in China, and its pinyin is wú suǒ bù yòng qí jí. The original intention is to try one's best to achieve the highest level of perfection. Now refers to the unscrupulous (including derogatory) to achieve the goal. As a predicate. Refers to doing bad things by hook or by crook.
4. Gentleman, stop at benevolence; Being a minister ends with respect; Being a son stops at filial piety; Being a father stops at kindness; The communication with China people ends with letters.
Being a monarch should stop at kindness, being a minister should stop at respect, being a son should stop at filial piety, being a father should stop at kindness, and interacting with Chinese people should stop at sincerity.
5. Furun House is virtuous and healthy, broad-minded and fat.
Rich people's rooms are luxuriously decorated, and people with kindness are naturally comfortable.
6. A gentleman has a way, and he gains it with loyalty and loses it with arrogance.
A gentleman has a big principle, that is, he must win the hearts of the people with loyalty and faith, and he will lose the hearts of the people if he is extravagant and extravagant.
7. There are avenues to make money, many people are born, few people eat, and it is enough to be sick and comfortable.
There is a big principle to create wealth: more people produce, less people consume, create quickly and use slowly, so that national wealth can always be sufficient.
8. The evil of good people and the good of evil people refer to the nature of teasing people. ) I will catch my husband.
Like what people don't like, don't like what people like, this is against human nature, and disaster will surely befall him.
9. A gentleman asks for others after he has himself, but not others after he has himself. Hidden things are unforgivable, but they can be used to describe people, but nothing is left.
A gentleman should have his own advantages first, and then ask others; For shortcomings, we should criticize others by criticizing our own ignorance of the future. What you have is not forgiveness, but that you can teach others, which has never happened before.
10. The so-called sincerity, don't deceive yourself. If it stinks, if it's lewd, it's called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
Making your heart sincere means not deceiving yourself. Just as you hate rancid smells, you should love beautiful women, and everything comes from the heart. Therefore, people with high moral character must be cautious even when they are alone.
1 1. Germany, this is also; Those rich people will end up with nothing.
Morality is the root of the tree and the foundation of being a man; Wealth, like branches and leaves of a tree, is the least important. This sentence is to advise people not to give up the cultivation of virtue and pursue unimportant wealth.
12. There are avenues to make money, many people are born, few people eat, many people are sick, and people who use them are comfortable, so wealth is enough.
The truth of creating wealth: there are many people engaged in production, but few people just eat and don't do it; People who work diligently manage their homes and live within their means. In this way, whether it is a country or a family, wealth will always be sufficient. This is actually a fine tradition of our Chinese nation, industrious, thrifty and economical.
13. People don't know the evil of children, and people don't know the size of seedlings.
Most people are fond of their children, but they can't find their shortcomings and problems, and everything is good; Because the desire can never be satisfied, I never feel that my crops are full and lush, and I always feel that other people's crops grow well.
14. Good means knowing evil, and evil means knowing beauty, which is rare in the world.
It is rare in the world to love someone who knows his shortcomings and hate someone who knows his advantages.
15. the way of university, mingde, people-friendly, perfect.
The ancients liked simplicity, and the first sentence revealed the core content of this book. The name of this book is "University", which, as its name implies, is the knowledge of adults. The content of a university is to show the bright virtues of everyone's self-nature, and then push others to others, so that everyone can innovate and strive for perfection and reach the highest level of perfection.
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