At present, the employment situation of college students is not optimistic, and the contradiction between employment supply and demand is prominent. There are many shortcomings in traditional employment guidance, so it is necessary to introduce career planning theory. The following is a "Career Development and Employment Guidance Course Paper", hoping to help you!
After the reform of the employment system for college graduates, "two-way choice and self-employment" has become the main form of employment for college students, and now college students have become the main body of employment responsibility. The resulting pressure has also greatly increased. According to the data of the Ministry of Education, there were * * * 2122,000 college graduates nationwide in 2o03, an increase of 46% over the previous year, but the demand for talents by employers did not increase significantly. According to experts, the employment rate of college graduates in 2003 was about 70%, and 640,000 college students were unable to find jobs. While the number of graduates has increased substantially year by year, the phenomenon of college graduates' unemployment has begun to appear, and this number has an upward trend year by year. On the one hand, millions of college graduates have been looking for jobs with resumes all week. On the other hand, more than 2 million jobs are waiting for him. The situation of "some people have nothing to do, but no one is doing it" is intriguing. In 2004, there was an individual phenomenon of "zero salary" for college graduates. The cruel reality makes us reflect on what kind of "products" colleges and universities have produced. And what kind of talents are needed for the ceremony? In my opinion, there is a gap between supply and demand: what the society needs is comprehensive talents with practical operation ability as soon as she leaves school, and the school is also faced with the difficult problem of whether to let students learn the professional foundation well or to let them participate in social practice more. In fact, we generally ignore one point: the career planning of college students. As a result, college students' professional consciousness is weak. Most graduates don't look for jobs until graduation, so it's hard to convince themselves that they like the jobs they find. Looking for a job should start from the first year of college and make a good career plan.
First, the history and development of career planning
Career planning originated in the United States in the early 20th century, from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. With the introduction of career development theory, career planning has gradually replaced the position of career counseling. In 1970s, career planning education was popularized and implemented in America. In 1980s, the theory of career planning made new progress. Career planning has become an important part of modern school education and psychological counseling. In the development of these decades, the following theories have mainly appeared: emphasizing the development process theory (taking the life process as one stage to another), emphasizing the personal characteristics theory (covering the influence of psychological needs and characteristics on career choice), and emphasizing the decision-making process theory (analyzing the elements and steps in the career choice process). Emphasis is placed on social learning theory (the influence of ritual environment and learning experience on professional behavior) and career development theory (discussing the development of self-concept, professional impression, structural consideration, gender role, social status and personal characteristics). Social cognitive career theory (career choice is the result of the interaction between self-concept and learning experience in the environment). Social cognitive career development theory regards career choice and career development as a systematic project, regardless of psychological problems. At the same time, it is considered that career choice is a relatively developed system, and that career choice should change with the times. In recent years, it has become the mainstream theoretical system of vocational guidance in the world.
Career planning has been developed abroad for decades. However, it is still in its infancy in China and has not attracted enough attention. Teachers and students in many colleges and universities are unclear about the significance of career planning, and lack a systematic and in-depth understanding of the content, methods and ways of career planning. Career planning is a new subject to be expanded and practiced in China.
Second, the meaning and content of career planning
Career planning refers to a person's expectation and plan for the continuous process of his responsibilities in his life, including a person's study, productive contribution to a profession or organization and eventual retirement. In other words, in the process of career development, individuals explore their own personality characteristics or professional and educational environment information. Master environmental resources and establish career goals on this basis; In the face of all kinds of career choices, we should evaluate all kinds of information and opportunities, form career decisions, and then assume professional roles in order to achieve career adaptation and self-realization. Personal career planning is not a simple concept. It has nothing to do with the family of personal life. It is closely related to society. It is driven by the internal motivation of the parties. Combined with the requirements of social occupation and the interests of social development, a personalized implementation plan is formulated according to the actual situation and opportunities. The process includes six steps: self-evaluation, career opportunity evaluation, career choice, setting career goals, making action plans, evaluation and feedback.
1, self-evaluation. Usually you can think for yourself, analyze for yourself or discuss and evaluate with teachers, family members and friends, including your own interests, specialties, personality, knowledge, skills, IQ, EQ, organization and management, coordination and activity ability.
2. Assessment of career opportunities. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of various internal and external environmental factors on their career development. Including the characteristics of environmental conditions, the development and changes of the environment, the relationship with the environment, the position in this environment, the requirements put forward by the environment, and the favorable and unfavorable conditions of the environment.
3. Career choice. Know yourself and analyze the environment through self-evaluation and career opportunity evaluation. On this basis, make a career choice.
4. Set career goals. Setting career goals is the core of career planning. Usually, goals are divided into short-term goals, medium-term goals and long-term goals.
5. Make an action plan. Having specific plans and clear measures to facilitate regular inspection is the key to the smooth implementation of career planning and the realization of goals.
6. Assessment and feedback. The most important thing for effective career planning and design is continuous evaluation and feedback to adapt to changes in the environment. The revised contents include: re-evaluating career opportunities, re-selecting occupations, modifying career goals, changing plans and measures, and so on.
Thirdly, career planning is a new idea and method for college students' employment guidance.
Our current employment guidance work is basically limited to general services such as information dissemination, policy propaganda, skills training and agreement handling, and pays little attention to students' personality, interests, specialties and abilities. Lack of certain systematicness and pertinence. Career planning guidance is a personalized employment guidance with students as the main body and society as the guidance. Through the guidance of college students' career planning, according to their own quality characteristics. According to their own value orientation and hobbies, as well as the current situation and development trend of the social talent market, design career development goals and their implementation plans.
According to super's career rainbow diagram, a person's career can be divided into four stages: exploration stage, establishment stage, maintenance stage and decline stage. College students are in the exploration stage of their personal career, which is of great significance to their future career development. In this period. College students' personal abilities have improved rapidly. Gradually formed an expectation for the future career. Many students often need to make key decisions about their future careers. Therefore. It is of great significance to carry out career planning education in colleges and universities.
1. Career planning will promote college students' self-identity.
A considerable number of college students have no clear goals and plans for their own positioning and future career direction. What is common in college campuses is those who blindly participate in club activities. Students who don't know what benefits these activities have for themselves: students who are busy with this certificate but don't know their own specialties and hobbies, the university life of the first division is very short. If you don't do the most important and efficient things in a limited time, it is undoubtedly the biggest waste of resources. College students' employment view is a reflection of their outlook on life and values in a certain sense. Its formation is a gradual process, whether it is employment, postgraduate entrance examination or going abroad. I decided before graduation. It is often the result of preparation and hard work during college. Career planning and design guidance and corresponding employment guidance courses are offered from the lower grades. It is conducive to eliminating the misunderstanding of college students' employment and employment as soon as possible, so that freshmen can change their roles as soon as possible and make long-term plans. So that they can actively adapt to college life, better step into the society in the future, better play their own strengths and realize their own life value.
2. Career planning is an ideal platform for college students' employment guidance.
Through career planning, college students can achieve: (1) breakthrough and shape a fresh and full self; (2) Accurately assess personal characteristics and advantages; (3) Assessing the gap between personal goals and the status quo; (4) Re-recognize your own value; (5) Enhance personal competitiveness and execution. Students can estimate their abilities and evaluate their wisdom through analysis; Confirm your character. Judge your emotions; Find out your own characteristics and find your own interests. Know your own advantages. Measure your own gap. Only in this way can we overcome our own obstacles and successfully grasp ourselves. Really embody yourself and let your talents be brought into play. Developed personality. Through career planning. You can choose a career that suits your development and determine a career path plan that suits your interests and specialties. Career planning greatly enriches the connotation of college students' employment guidance. Become an ideal platform for employment guidance.
Fourth, use the idea of career planning to guide the whole career of college students.
The so-called "full career guidance" is to guide college students to carry out career planning education and guidance from the first grade, and to carry out various forms of employment education for all students through employment guidance courses, expert reports, employment service information networks, and daily consultations. Help students to establish a correct concept of career choice. Explain the employment policy to students. Teach employment skills.
At present, college students' career planning needs to be further promoted. There are few professionals engaged in career planning, and there is no institution to train career planning professionals. This objectively causes great difficulties for college students' career planning. The author calls for intellectual support for college students' career planning. The society should pay enough attention to this until the career planning is established. With the increasing number of graduates and employment potential, colleges and universities should strive to improve the employment rate and the employment quality of graduates. Career planning for college students is the best way. Colleges and universities should correctly look at the shortcomings and gaps between career interest cultivation and career education, actively train career planning teachers, offer career planning courses, and do a good job in employment guidance for college students. In short, we can start from the following three aspects, so that college students' career planning can be implemented.
1, let students know themselves. Gradually form a preliminary positioning. Provide students with relatively systematic and comprehensive career guidance from the beginning of their freshman year to help them have a rational self-awareness and a clear self-orientation, so as to plan their lives reasonably. Let students evaluate their knowledge and skills accurately and be good at analyzing their personality characteristics. This is the basis of career planning. Students' career interests and psychological tests can be carried out through self-thinking, Holland career orientation test and Strong-Campbell personal interest questionnaire. Evaluate your professional interests, professional personality, professional ability and professional knowledge. And ask successful people or senior practitioners in related industries to make suggestions. Potential assessment can help students find the gap between knowledge and ability required by the goal, let students know themselves more comprehensively and give their career a preliminary orientation.
2. Educate through three career views (career development view, career values view and career choice strategy view). Finally, I will achieve my three career goals (orientation, fixed point and positioning). Through three views education. Students can better accomplish three things: what they want to do is to determine their career expectations. What can be achieved is the determination of professional quality, and what can be allowed is the influence of environment, conditions, opportunities and channels. So as to know where you want to work. What kind of work to do and what kind of report to the society.
3. People-oriented. Highlight the tension of career planning. According to the differences of students in different majors and grades in choosing jobs, career goals, interests, specialties and abilities, we will provide personalized employment guidance and consultation. We can also carry out targeted vocational education according to the self-evaluation, career opportunity evaluation, cognitive bias and other issues in the action plan measures. It not only includes "external" skills training such as job interview, resume production and instrument etiquette, but also extends to "internal" quality education such as professional accomplishment and values. The lack of college students' communication skills and eloquence, the growth and spread of money worship and hedonism, and the dislocation of love, power and public morality are brought into career planning to promote the awakening of college students' professional consciousness. Finally successfully entered the workplace.
;